Microbiology- Test 3

A wound created by the drag of a knife across skin can be classified as a(n):

Abrasion

Which of the following has shown some effectiveness in treating a herpes infection?

Acyclovir

A three-month old baby is presented to you with a fever and apparent diaper rash. The rash is very red on his buttocks and genital area. There is also red, scaly skin in the area where his diaper touches his thighs. This dermatitis is most likely caused by the fungus ____________.

Candida albicans

Which is considered the most serious staphylococcal skin infection?

Carbuncles

Why is malaria treatment complicated?

Different stages in the life cycle of the parasite respond to different medications

An individual with giardiasis who has diarrhea is more likely to transmit the disease than an individual with giardiasis who does NOT have diarrhea.

False

Athlete's foot can be effectively treated with penicillin.

False

Candida albicans might become pathogenic in a person receiving antibacterial medications because this is an opportunistic pathogen not normally found in normal microbiota. As such, when the bacterial normal microbiota is eliminated by broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs, this opportunist can adhere to and colonize the area left behind.

False

The tetanus antitoxin and the toxoid found in the vaccine work via the same mechanism.

False

Yops contribute to the virulence of Yersinia pestis by increasing phagocytosis.

False

Which of the following types of hepatitis is/are associated with liver cancer or cirrhosis?

Hepatitis B and C

Which of the following is NOT a route by which bacteria that cause infective endocarditis may gain access to the bloodstream?

Ingestion

The member of the normal microbiota sometimes considered responsible for tinea versicolor is

Malassezia

The primary treatment for cholera is

Rehydration

All of the following are possible complications of mumps EXCEPT

Severe scarring

The fungal disease that may be associated with gardening is

Sporotrichosis

Why is it important to give the MMRV vaccine to healthy, non-immune contacts of people with immunodeficiencies?

The MMRV vaccine is an attenuated vaccine, so immunodeficient people cannot receive it. They are protected by herd immunity.

Which statement about the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems is NOT true?

Veins carry blood away from the heart while arteries carry blood towards the heart.

Collections of bacteria that adhere to the surfaces of the teeth are called

dental plaque.

What is the best treatment option for the patient in the previous question?

Acyclovir analgesics and cortisone

Which of the following antigens are useful markers for hepatitis B infection? HBsAg HBcAg HBeAg

All of the above are useful markers

What is NOT a reason why an abscessed wound might not respond to antibiotic treatment?

All of the above are valid explanations for why an abscessed wound might not respond to antibiotics

Which of the following correctly differentiates between rotavirus and norovirus? Rotavirus has a dsRNA genome whereas norovirus has a ssRNA genome Rotavirus symptoms typically last 3-8 days whereas norovirus symptoms tend to last 1-3 days. Rotavirus is preventable by vaccination- norovirus is not

All of the above correctly differentiate the viruses

Cryptosporidium parvum may infect Dogs Pigs Cattle Humans

All of the above would activate a naive T-cell

Which of the following groups contain diarrhea-causing E. Coli? Enterotoxigenic Enteroinvasive Enteropathogenic Enterohemorrhagic

All of the choices are correct

Cat scratch disease can be contracted through a cat bite. The organism that causes this disease is ______, and that the disease is characterized by ______.

Bartonella henselae; local lymph node enlargement

Which of the following is an important function of the skin?

Control body temperature

A patient is presented to you with a history of fever, headache, muscle pain, and sore throat followed by abdominal pain and diarrhea. The patient chose to visit your clinic because of a diffuse macular rash and the fact that he was bleeding from his eyes. He is a research scientist who works with imported monkeys. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Ebola

A patient comes to the emergency room. He was bitten by his neighbor's dog (a well-kept golden retriever) approximately 30 hours ago and explains that the redness from the bite is spreading. You notice that the area is swollen tender to the touch, and a purulent discharge. How should this be treated?

Ensure that the wound is properly cleaned and prescribe clavulanate and amoxicillin

The unique characteristic of Lyme disease is

Erythema migrans

Why does the rash of shingles occur in only a limited region as, opposed to the widespread rash of chickenpox?

In shingles, the replicating virus originates from a single infected nerve cell, while in chickenpox it is spread throughout the bloodstream.

Tetanus prevents the release of neurotransmitters from

Inhibitory neurons

An important diagnostic sign of measles is

Koplik's spots

Which S. aureus virulence factor is not correctly matched with its function?

Leukocidin—kills erythrocytes

U.S. Marshals participated in an action-packed raid to arrest one of America's most wanted criminals. When the struggle was over, the officer putting handcuffs on the criminal accidentally pinched the criminal with the cuffs. This angered the criminal who responded by biting a nearby Marshal. The Marshal claimed that he needed a tetanus shot as a result of the bite. Is the U.S. Marshal's fear of contracting tetanus scientifically valid?

No

The Gram-negative opportunistic rod that can grow in a wide variety of environments, including disinfectants and soaps, is

P. aeruginosa

A child is presented to you claiming to have had a mild fever, runny nose, and headache followed by the appearance of a red "lacy" rash on his cheeks. This child most likely suffers from ________.

Parvovirus

The sac which surrounds the heart is called the

Pericardium

In which of the following does a rash start on wrists and ankles and then spread to the palms and soles and progress toward the trunk?

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Viral gastroenteritis in infants and children is most commonly caused by

Rotavirus

Pyoderma, characterized by thin-walled blisters break and are replaced by oozing, yellowish crusts of drying plasma is most likely caused by:

Streptococcus pyogenes

Effective treatment of gas gangrene primarily involves

Surgical removal of dead and infected tissues

Prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures are currently only recommended to those who have had heart valve infections, valve surgeries, or certain congenital abnormalities of the heart valves. Why aren't prophylactics used for everyone to decrease the risk of endocarditis during dental procedures?

There is risk to taking antibiotics and they can lead to resistance

Initial signs and symptoms of EBV infection resemble those of pharyngitis. It may result in lymph node and spleen enlargement, and occasionally death due to rupturing of the spleen.

True

It is possible to cultivate Clostridium tetani from a wound, even if the affected person does not have tetanus.

True

Lung damage, due to increased capillary leakage of plasma and damaging lysosomal enzymes released from leukocytes, is an important cause of death in people with sepsis.

True

People who are older than 65 years of age are more likely to lose teeth than to develop cavities.

True

Staphylococci are the leading cause of wound infections.

True

Which species of Plasmodium causes the most serious form of malaria?

falciparum

H. pylori is able to survive the acidic conditions of the stomach by producing:

urease