Mid Term 3 Geology
The dry falls of the grand coulee in Eastern Washington was produced by a giant receding waterfall during the draining of lake Missoula, and would have looked a lot like Niagara Falls.
...
Most fault surfaces like joints, are roughly planar in orientation.
... true
Most dissolution of bedrock to form caves takes place
..... just below the water table
The Miocene epoch saw the spread of which new vegetative Zone
...... Grasslands
The metallic content of earth's core is
1. Likely similar to what has been found in metallic meteorites 2. Partly liquid and partly solid 3. An iron alloy (mostly iron with a few other elements mixed in)
The inner planets are terrestrial because
1. They are made of refractory matterials 2. As our solar system's proto-sun formed, the inner part of our protoplanetary disk got hotter causing evaporation.
When did the universe begin?
13.7 Ga ago
The universe is 14 billion years old or
14 Ga
Earth is how old?
4.57 billion years old
Which river threatens to capture the flow of the Mississippi river
Atchafalaya river
Of the three primary chemical layers of the earth (crust mantle core) which is the thickest?
Core
From outer to inner label the sections of earth sliced
Crust, upper mantle, transition zone, lower mantle, liquid outer core, solid inner core,
The oldest terrestrial insect fossils are found in rocks from the
DEVONIAN period
All flooding events occur so rapidly that there is no time to alert people in harm's way.
False
All the water in rivers and streams arrives directly from rainfall runoff.
False
Freshwater lakes are always discharge areas
False
Why is earth round?
It has magnetic field, it has a large mass.
The Palouse Formation is made of wind blown silt known as
LOESS
Where is lake Missoula located ?
Montana
An episode of mountain building is termed an
Orogeny
Why do the stars and constellations change locations over the course of one night?
Our planet rotates on its own axis
Which Gas found in today's atmosphere was virtually absent in the Hadean's and Archean's
Oxygen
The eon represented by abundant deposits of strata with shelly fossils is the
Phanerozoic
A shield is a low-lying region where
Precambrian rocks crop out
At a waterfall, where two sedimentary lithologies are juxtaposed, which lithology is more likely to form the cliff over which of the waterfalls?
Sandstone
A body of rock affected by compressive stress will likely undergo
Shortening
Force of rock affected by tensile stress will likely undergo
Stretching
In a region characterized by parallel series of ridges and valleys, a______drainage network is expected.
TRELLIS
It is possible for offset along an oblique-slip fault to have both normal and left lateral components.
True or False?
A body of rock at high pressure is more likely to exhibit ductile behavior more than
a body of rock at low pressure
In a region with prominent perpendicular sets of joints,
a rectangular drainage network is expected
The Cambrian Period is a time in earths history when the first
abundant shelly organisms appear in the fossil record
An arroyo refers to an ephemeral stream channel that only has discharge,
after rainfall or snowmelt
A fold shaped like an elongate arch is an
anticline
The majority of large cave and karst systems have resulted from
carbonic acid etching into Lime stone
Permian, Triassic, and Jurassic forests were dominated by large
conifers and cycads
A shield that surrounding platform together are synonymous with
craton
The outer edge of a meander where material is being eroded , is called a
cut bank
Groundwater may increase or decrease porosity through
dissolution or deposition
Freshwater lakes are always discharge areas
false
If ground water is clear, it can be assumed that it is drinkable.
false
Motion along all faults is either strike-slip or dip-slip, combinations of these two types of displacement are never found together on a single fault.
false
The deltas of all major rivers consist of multiple radiating lobes of sediment in "bird's foot" configuration, similar to the Mississippi river delta.
false
The sediment load of a stream consists of only those grains that are fine enough to stay in suspension.
false
The flat-lying area surrounding a river channel is termed the
floodplain.
The central portion of high curvature on a fold is termed the
fold hinge
As a rule, ground water always flows from areas of
greater hydraulic head to those of lesser hydraulic head
The size of lake Missoula would be about
greater than 2 of our great lakes.
If a P-wave is traveling through the earth and encounters a molten magma chamber, what will happen to the velocity of the P-wave
it will slow down
Sinkholes are a concern primarily for residents whose dwellings are constricted atop
limestone
Earth's surface is protected from solar wind and cosmic radiation by Earth's
magnetic Field
Water flowing from hot springs contains
more dissolved minerals than water flowing from cool springs
The fossil fish tiktaalik made headlines in 2005 because it represents a transitional form between
more typical bony fish and terrestrial vertebrates
An explanation for the origin of planets, moons, asteroids, and comets is the
nebular theory.
A mountain range made of granite would produce a
negative gravity anomly
A meander that is cut off to become a completely isolated from the main channel but that retains water is called an
oxbow lake.
Perched water tables occur above the regional water table within
permeable rock or sediment
The inner edge of a meander, where sediment is deposited, is called a
point bar
Well-sorted sediments typically have greater____compared to poorly sorted sediments
porosity
Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater involves
pumping oxygen and nutrients into a contaminant plume to help local bacteria metabolize the plume.
The majority of earth's liquid freshwater exists in pores within
rock and sediment
Extensive pumping of fresh groundwater from coastal aquifer can induce saline intrusion, with time the well will start to deliver
saline water.
Ultimately the base level of a stream can be no lower than
sea level
Braided streams consist of a series of intertwined channels that are overloaded with
sediment.
As seismic (earthquake-generated waves travel downward and reach Moho they
speed up.
Any place where ground water naturally flows outward at the surface of earth is termed a
spring
All else being equal water will flow faster in a stream with
straight channels
Change in shape, induced by stress is termed
strain
Right lateral and left lateral are both examples of
strike- slip faults
Atoms that are heavier than iron are generally produced by explosions of
supernovas
A fold shape like an elongated trough is a
syncline
On a geologic map, if the contacts between sedimentary rock units form a series of parallel lines, with the youngest units in the center, the underlying structure is a
syncline
Without the addition of heavy elements (produced by fusion reactions in stars and super nova explosions)
the nebulae, planets would not have been produced.
The distinction between a valley and a canyon is
the sides of a canyon are steeper than those of a valley
The Doppler effect refers to the change in wavelength, (frequency) of waves that happens if
the source of the waves is moving
On a geologic map, if the contacts between sedimentary rock units for a bull's eye pattern of concentric circles, with the youngest unit in the center,
the underlying structure is a basin
When rocks form a series of parallel lines, with the youngest unit in the center,
the underlying structure is a syncline
If the inside of earth was molten the land would rise and fall due to
tidal forces.
Most fault surfaces, like joints, are roughly planar in orientation.
true
Permeable rock or sediment between the water table and the land surface represents
unsaturated zone
S waves of a_________don't travel though liquid
volcanoe
The geocentric model
was developed during the time of ancient greeks which was held true by thinkers throughout the middle ages, up until the renaissance.