Midterm

How long has public speaking been taught?

1000+ years

Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "To persuade my audience that our state legislature should protect Internet privacy and increase spending for education."

It contains two unrelated ideas.

Below is a main point, a subpoint, and two sub-subpoints from a preparation outline about acoustical engineering. Which is the subpoint?

Noise control is an issue both for indoor and outdoor settings.

What does critical thinking include?

Seeing the relationships among ideas; Judging the credibility of statements; Assessing the soundness of evidence

What is the central idea of a speech with the following main points? I. Isabel Baumfree was born into slavery in the state of New York during the 1790s. II. After undergoing a conversion experience and changing her name to Sojourner Truth, she began preaching during the 1840s. III. Over the next few decades, she became a celebrated speaker for various reform causes.

Sojourner Truth was born into slavery, underwent a conversion experience, and became a speaker for various reform causes.

Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?

The history of the bagpipe dates to ancient Greece.

Which of the following recommendations does your textbook give for relating a subject directly to your audience in an informative speech?

Tie your topic into the audience's interests and concerns; Tell the audience why your message is important to them; Speak in personal terms, using words such as "you" and "your."

Which of the following is likely to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?

Visualize yourself giving a strong speech; Focus on communicating rather than on being nervous; Be thoroughly prepared for each speech

Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking?

a counselor explaining the stages of grieving to people who have recently lost loved ones

In which of the following situations will the personal appearance of the speaker have an impact on the audience's perception of the speaker?

a police officer presenting an educational talk; a concerned citizen being interviewed on the news; a lawyer addressing a jury

A summary of a magazine or journal article, written by someone other than the original author.

abstract

Which of the following does your textbook recommend for doing speech research?

all answers are correct

A speech title should

all of the above

Sloppy ____________ is the failure to form particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly.

articulation

Audience-centeredness involves keeping your audience foremost in mind

at every step of speech preparation and presentation.

Mayor Kathleen Baldwin has been asked to address the Wakefield Community Association about the issue of constructing a swimming pool in the neighborhood. The most important factor Baldwin should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its

attitude toward the topic.

Most library catalogues allow you to search for books by

author; title; keyword.

A ____________ is a list of the sources used in preparing a speech.

bibliography

A preparation outline should include

bibliography; a specific purpose statement; a central idea; connectives.

____________ is a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas.

brainstorming

A(n) ____________ example is a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point.

brief

___________ are used in libraries to classify books and periodicals and to indicate where they can be found on the shelves.

call numbers

The _______ lists all the books, periodicals, and other resources owned by a library.

catalogue

In a speaking outline, words such as "pause," "faster here," and "slow down" are ____________ that help a speaker remember how she or he wants to present key parts of the speech.

delivery cues

____________ is a variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary.

dialect

According to your textbook, the tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being is called

egocentrism

One of the advantages of using the extemporaneous method of delivery is that it

encourages conversational quality.

Adapting your message to the needs of a particular audience means that you must inevitably compromise your beliefs. (T/F)

false

After conducting a research interview, you should wait a few days to review and transcribe your notes. (T/F)

false

Although the specific purpose statement for a speech should not be phrased as a question, it is acceptable to phrase the central idea as a question.

false

Even if you can't identify the author or sponsoring organization for an Internet document, you can still use the document in your speech as long as it is up to date. (T/F)

false

In a preparation outline, main points are identified by capital letters. (T/F)

false

In a preparation outline, you should state your main points in brief phrases. (T/F)

false

In most cases, statistics speak for themselves and do not require a lot of explanation when used in a speech. (T/F)

false

It is usually most effective to keep your ideas impersonal when giving an informative speech. (T/F)

false

Listeners usually find generalizations more interesting and convincing than specific statements.

false

Listeners usually realize how tense a speaker is. (T/F)

false

Most successful speakers do not experience stage fright. (T/F)

false

One key to successful speaking is determining which audiences are worthy of your best efforts to communicate your ideas. (T/F)

false

Taking account of your listeners' racial, ethnic, or cultural background is an important factor in situational audience analysis. True or false?

false

The best rate for effective public speaking is 110 words per minute. (T/F)

false

The central idea of a speech is usually formulated before the specific purpose.

false

The main purpose of using statistics in a speech is to make the speech more vivid. (T/F)

false

The primary rule of using gestures in a speech is to gesture frequently and emphatically so that listeners notice what you are doing. (T/F)

false

When selecting a title for your speech, you should avoid phrasing it as a question. (T/F)

false

When taking research notes, you should only write down information that you know you will use in your speech. (T/F)

false

You should usually avoid using detailed examples because they will bore your audience.

false

Your textbook recommends using abstractions as a way to clarify ideas in an informative speech. (T/F)

false

The messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker are called ______

feedback

While listening to a speech about gun control, Scott thought back to his experiences as an intern with the police department and decided that the speaker was knowledgeable about the subject. What was Scott doing?

filtering the message through his frame of reference

"Do you think gun control is a workable solution to the problem of violence in U.S. schools?" is an example of a(n) ____________ question.

fixed-alternative

The knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes through which each listener filters a message make up the listener's ______.

frame of reference

The primary purpose of speechmaking is to

gain a desired response from listeners.

When preparing a speaking outline, you should

give yourself cues for delivering the speech.

A(n) ____________ speech is delivered with little or no immediate preparation.

impromptu

____________ are changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice.

inflections

When your general purpose is to ____________, you act as a teacher or lecturer.

inform

When gauging your audience's disposition toward the speech topic, you should take into account their

interest in the topic; knowledge about the topic; attitude toward the topic.

According to your textbook, ______ is anything that impedes the communication of a message.

interference

Identify the flaw in the following specific purpose statement: "Why should the university raise tuition?"

it's expressed as a question

Identify the flaw in the following central idea for a speech: "Something should be done about rising sea levels."

it's too vague

Dr. Kristin Lutz is preparing an informative talk about the genetic relationship between twins for a group of expectant parents. The most important factor Dr. Lutz should consider when analyzing her audience is probably its

knowledge of the topic.

When you end your speech, you should

maintain eye contact for a few moments after you stop talking; collect your notes and any visual aids you may have used;. maintain a cool, collected demeanor as you return to your seat.

As your textbook explains, upon reaching the lectern to start a speech, you should

make eye contact with your listeners.

When accuracy is essential and a speech must be delivered word for word, ____________ delivery is most appropriate.

manuscript

A speech that is written out word for word and read to the audience.

manuscript speech

The ____________ is the number that occurs most frequently in a group of numbers.

mode

____________ is the lowness or highness of the speaker's voice.

pitch

The library resources discussed in this chapter include

reference works;. newspaper and periodical database; academic databases.

The _____ is what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in the speech.

residual message

When using statistics in a speech, you should

round off complicated statistics; identify the sources of your statistics; use statistics sparingly.

Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers are called ____________ questions.

scale

What should public speakers do to avoid ethnocentrism?

show respect for the cultures of the people they address

If your specific purpose statement were "To inform my audience about the major land regions in Spain," you would probably organize your speech in

spatial order

A ____________ outline is a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech.

speaking

"To persuade my audience that the U.S. space program provides many important benefits to people here on earth" is an example of a(n)

specific purpose statement

The ____________ is a single infinitive phrase that states precisely what a speaker hopes to accomplish in her or his speech.

specific purpose statement

If there is no clearly identified author for a document on the Internet, you should try to determine the ____________ that is responsible for the document.

sponsoring organization

_____ is anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience. Multiple Choice

stage fright

Research indicates that the impact of examples is greatly enhanced when they are followed by ____________ that show the examples are typical.

statistics

The three kinds of supporting materials discussed in your textbook are

statistics, examples, and testimony.

According to your textbook, which of the following is a factor in situational audience analysis?

the size of the audience

Research shows that speakers in the United States who fail to establish eye contact may be seen by listeners as insincere or even dishonest. (T/F)

true

Speechmaking becomes more complex as cultural diversity increases.

true

The central idea for a speech should be stated as a full sentence. (T/F)

true

The impact of an extended example often depends as much on the speaker's delivery as on the content of the example.

true

The more you assume your listeners know about the topic, the more chance of being misunderstood. (T/F)

true

The most important task in preparing to conduct a research interview is deciding what questions to ask during the interview.

true

When taking research notes, you should distinguish among direct quotations, paraphrases, and your own ideas. (T/F)

true

You should never cite an article in your speech on the basis of the abstract alone. (T/F)

true

When practicing your speech delivery, you should do all the following except

try to learn your speech word for word

The _____ is a one-sentence statement that sums up the main points of a speech.

central idea

Which organization pattern would you use "to inform my audience about four major steps to build a car"?

chronological

_____ is the belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

ethnocentrism

A(n) ____________ is a specific case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like.

example

A(n) ____________ speech is a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented from a brief set of notes.

extemporaneous

According to your textbook, a(n) ____________ example is a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

extented

_______________ is based on a person's use of voice and body rather than on the use of words.

nonverbal communication

To restate or summarize a source's ideas in one's own words is to

paraphrase

As Mark Twain noted, "The right word may be effective, but no word was ever as effective as a rightly timed ____________."

pause

According to your textbook, if you quoted your sixteen-year-old niece on the impact of media violence on high-school students, you would be using ____________ testimony.

peer

When you want to change or structure the attitudes of your audience, your general purpose is to ____________.

persuade

______ is controlled nervousness that helps energize a speaker for his or her presentation.

positive nervousness

A ____________ is a list, compiled early in the research process, of works that look as if they might contain helpful information about a speech topic.

preliminary bibliography

Violating the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language is an error in ____________.

pronunciation

"Conversational quality" refers to a speech delivery that sounds spontaneous no matter how many times it has been rehearsed. (T/F)

true

A hypothetical example is an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation. (T/F)

true

An informative speech about a process explains a systematic series of actions that leads to a specific result or product. (T/F)

true

As a general rule, the larger your audience is, the more formal your speech presentation should be. True or false?

true

Avoiding ethnocentrism is important for listeners as well as for speakers.

true

Because each person has a different frame of reference, the meaning of a message will never be exactly the same to a listener as to a speaker. (T/F)

true

Because people have different frames of reference, a public speaker must take care to adapt her or his message to the particular audience being addressed. (T/F)

true

Even though a speaking outline should be kept as brief as possible, you should usually write out quotations in full. (T/F)

true

Examples are especially useful for getting listeners involved in a speech.

true

Good delivery does not call attention to itself. (T/F)

true

In a preparation outline, main points and subpoints and subscriptions should be written as full sentences. (T/F)

true

In a preparation outline, the most important ideas are placed farthest to the left and the less important ideas are placed progressively farther to the right. (T/F)

true

It is normal—even desirable—to be nervous at the start of a speech. (T/F)

true

Public Speaking and ordinary conversation involve adapting to listener feedbacl. (T/F)

true

Public speaking and ordinary conversation are similar in that both involve adapting to listener feedback. (T/F)

true

The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline shows the ____________ of the speech.

visual framework

____ is mental imaging in which a speaker vividly pictures giving a successful presentation.

visualization

Changes in a speaker's rate, pitch, and volume are referred to as

vocal variety

Which recommendation is a way to help you deal with nervousness in your speeches?

work especially hard on your speech introduction.