Midterm Org Behavior

Most motivation theories in use today have been developed by and about

americans

Which of the following is a self-enhancing impression management technique?

name-dropping

Which of the following are benefits associated with diversity? Check all that apply.

-Diversity allows companies to improve their marketing efforts. -Diversity results in better problem solving. -Diversity helps companies to hire the most talented people.

A "yes" answer to which of the following questions is likely to mean that an idea will improve a company's quality? Check all that apply.

-Does the idea increase effectiveness of resources? -Does the idea accelerate results? -Does the idea improve customer response?

Sally is attempting to improve her critical thinking skills. Which of the following activities will help her to do that? Check all that apply.

-Separate fads from plausible theories. -Approach data scientifically. -Ask questions about theories.

When compared to younger employees, older employees tend to be which of the following? Check all that apply.

-more committed to the organization -more internally motivated -more satisfied with their jobs

Last week, your employee, Azula, missed an important deadline. You are convinced that she didn't get the work done because she doesn't care about the company

Internal

All of the following statements accurately describe attribution theory EXCEPT

Women managers are more likely to attribute their successes to their own abilities.

Which of the following is another term for distress?

strain

It's Sunday evening, and Luis had been packing for a trip across the country to attend his company's annual sales conference this week. He is now stressed because a social worker from his mother's assisted living center just called and requested an emergency meeting on Monday afternoon to discuss moving his mother to the nursing care unit. Luis's stress is likely due to

interrole conflict

Which of the following combinations of informational cues would lead to an internal attribution?

low consensus, low distinctiveness, and high consistency

According to Maslow, what level of needs motivate behavior?

lowest level of ungratified needs

The power of earning rests on a direct link between

performance and rewards

Silo Systems creates state-of-the-art cement silos that are used by developers to lay the foundation of new buildings. But over the last year, managers at Silo Systems have noticed that individual employees are producing less and less. In addition, the equipment maintenance team is reporting more and more cases of equipment failure. Silo Systems is experiencing costs related to:

performance decrements

If a person who loves songwriting and is very talented at writing music is asked to write a song, one might say that there will be a good

person-environment fit

Larry was just indicted for embezzling company funds. He stole $300,000 from his company's pension plan and put the money into his own account. When talking to his lawyer, Larry said, "I don't care what happens to the other people in the company. I just want what I deserve. And I'll get it in any way I can." In this example, Larry was using____power, which is a____force in organizational behavior.

personalized, disruptive

I just found this new app called Roomi and it's showing me pictures of potential roommates. I keep gravitating to the ones who are better looking than the other ones. I know_____can influence perceptions, and I'm worried about that.

physical appearance

In America, self-actualization is the pinnacle need on Maslow's hierarchy. When studying cultures with a high need to avoid uncertainty, researchers found workers' pinnacle need to be

safety and security

Preventive stress management has three parts: primary, secondary, and tertiary. What part would you be acting on if you provided your employees with gym memberships so they could get more physical exercise?

secondary prevention

Which term refers to the assumption that an individual's behavior is accounted for by the situation?

discounting principle

_____theories are likely to examine questions such as "Are bonuses or extra time off more effective rewards for motivating performance?"

external

Adam Smith's idea of self-interest focuses on which aspect of motivation?

external incentives

Andrea just got a new job, but she's not sure how well she likes it. In the past few weeks, she's become dissatisfied with all the people she works with. She doesn't think that they know how to do their jobs very well. In addition, some of the people at work have been very rude to Andrea. Given Andrea's response, who is likely to be treating her poorly?

Andreas coworkers

Which of the following statements accurately describes ethical behavior at work?

Ethical behavior requires actions consistent with one's own values, those of society, and those of the company.

All of the following statements accurately describe manager-employee communication skills EXCEPT

Good supervisors cannot and should not be transparent in employee communication.

Which of the following statements is an example of the cognitive component of an attitude?

I believe my coworkers are lazy.

Which of the following measures the specific facets of job satisfaction?

Job Descriptive Index (JDI)

All of the following statements accurately describe the stress-strain relationship EXCEPT

Research shows that time urgency is the lethal agent of the Type B personality.

Many people think of organizations as clockworks, but in reality, organizations are often seen as

Snakepits

Cultural and educational influences are both examples of how____can influence personality.

the environment

In a company-wide meeting, Spiro questioned the huge discrepancy between his salary and that of the company's CEO. Spiro's question can be viewed as a matter of

distributive justice

At the heart of character and virtue ethics is

emotional intelligence

Athena has a very cool job. She manages six acute care nurses, each of whom works for a wealthy former football player. The nurses generally love their jobs, but Athena would like to make sure the nurses show as much organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) as possible. She also wants to be sure that the nurses don't get exhausted from showing OCBs. Which of the following actions would help Athena to accomplish her goals? Check all that apply.

-Don't pressure the nurses about showing OCBs. -Help the nurses understand that OCBs are the norm for their team. -Find a way to make sure that the nurses have positive experiences while they are at work. -Encourage the nurses to act as a strong team.

Which of the following did researchers classify both as a motivational factor and a hygiene factor?

salary

Which of the following are sources of task-specific self-efficacy? Check all that apply.

-Assessment of current physical and emotional capabilities -Prior experiences -Persuasion from other people

Which of the following is an example of a SMART goal?

I will increase my sales revenues by 20% by the end of the calendar year.

How does the psychoanalytic approach to stress differ from the other three approaches?

It does not view stress as a result of person-environment interaction.

All of the following statements accurately describe rewarding performance EXCEPT

Reward decisions are among the simplest and easiest decisions managers make.

You would like to facilitate communication with Ming, your coworker. Which seating dynamic will help you succeed?

Seat Ming so that she is at a right angle from you.

Why are ethical dilemmas so prevalent in business?

Since few ethical issues are clear-cut, they require individual interpretation.

According to Kurt Lewin, what is the relationship between a person and his or her situation?

The person can change the situation, and the situation can change the person.

According to Hofstede's research, what country is individualistic, has weak power distance, tolerates uncertainty, is masculine, and has a short-term orientation?

United States

All of the following are sources of task-specific self-efficacy EXCEPT

application of desirable consequences

put them in order: -Releases glucose (blood sugar) and fatty acids into the bloodstream -Suppresses the immune system as well as restorative and emergent processes -Redirects blood to the brain and large-muscle groups -Increases alertness through improved vision, hearing, and other sensory processes

-3 -4 -1 -2

What can stress do? Check all that apply.

-Change the level of chemicals in your bloodstream -Allow you to perform at higher levels than normal -Raise your blood pressure -Put your body in an offensive position

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is______designed to measure______.

-a self report questionnaire -personality disorders

1. Lyft is a bad company because they have terms and conditions that all drivers must follow. For example, Lyft expects drivers to put at least 30,000 miles on their cars during the first 6 months of service. 2.Lyft and Uber are not good companies because they don't really get cars off the road. In fact, when these companies come to town, use of public transportation goes down by up to 10%. In the long run, this hurts more people than it helps. 3. Lyft is a better company than Uber because Logan Green, the cofounder of Lyft, is concerned about the environment and trying to make it better in any way he can. Green and Zimmer believe in the importance of the community, and they show evidence of good judgement and integrity.

1. rule based ethics 2. consequential ethics 3. character ethics

All of the following statements accurately describe positive, healthy communication EXCEPT

A downside of positive, healthy communication is that it excludes competition in the workplace.

Which of the following people has a strong internal locus of control?

A student who sets high goals for herself because she believes that she is smart in math and she can achieve those goals.

Which of the following sentences should Amy use to increase Carlos's instrumentality?

Any employee who increases sales by 10% this month will receive a reward.

You just started managing a team of software engineers. You want your direct reports to be as productive as possible. What is the one thing you can do to make that happen?

Give your employees rewards that they value, and base those rewards on performance.

Which of the following statements is true? Check all that apply.

Good supervisors pay attention to the self-esteem of their employees. Good supervisors are persuasive but do not manipulate others.

Which of the following make it likely that you will engage in healthy communication? Check all that apply.

Having personal integrity Speaking simply Having an ethical character

Enrique is a world-class skateboarder. He was invited to speak at a conference for young children who are just learning how to skateboard. To open his talk, Enrique says, "Welcome! Today I'm going to tell you how to do an aciddrop without slamming. We'll have a great time!" What was wrong with Enrique's introduction?

He used technical jargon that his audience was unlikely to know.

Which of the following is an example of a subordinately defensive statement?

I'm just following orders

All of the following statements accurately describe information communication technology (ICT) EXCEPT

ICTs tends to speed up group decision-making activities.

Which of the following companies has high power distance?

In Allegra Systems, all of the managers wear suits and ties, while all of the employees wear casual dress. Managers are asked to speak first in every meeting, and employees rarely contradict what they say.

All of the following statements accurately describe ERG theory EXCEPT

It groups human needs into three categories: external, regressive, and growth

What is a benefit of 360-degree feedback in performance appraisals?

It improves the accuracy of performance appraisals.

All of the following statements accurately describe goal setting EXCEPT

It is most useful in small, unpredictable organizations.

When working in group settings, which of the following are disadvantages of information communication technology (ICT)? Check all that apply.

It makes communication more impersonal. It causes people to be less tolerant of face-to-face communications. It decreases peoples' ability to see nonverbal cues.

Which need theory of motivation focuses only on higher-order needs and ignores the lower-order needs?

McClelland's Need Theory

A human resource manager who is trying to find the best ways to help employees deal with stress might use concepts from which discipline?

Medicine

Which of the following statements accurately describes the mentoring relationship?

Mentor relationships go through four phases: initiation, cultivation, separation, and redefinition.

Sandy is mentoring a new employee, Clayton. As time goes by, Sandy finds out that Clayton is having troubles at home. In fact, his wife has threatened to divorce him. Sandy refers Clayton to the social worker in the company's Employee Assistance Program. What is the reason Sandy is likely to take this action?

Mentors are taught not to accept responsibility for employee problems.

Which of the following examples attributes success to an internal source?

Satya's bonus was the result of many long days doing research

&M is a popular clothing store in the United States. The skirts that this store buys from distributors are _____, while training the store's employees is a____, and the money the store makes from sales is an____.

a. input b.throughput c.output

When listening reflectively, which level of verbal response reassures the speaker in the early stages of expression?

affirming contact

Claire and Raj work similar jobs for the same company. Since Raj has more experience than Claire, he earns a higher salary. Claire reacts to this realization by putting in less effort. She now believes she makes more money per hour of "real" work than Raj, which makes her happy. Claire would be considered

an entitled.

Lorenzo's company just put a new performance management system in place. This system links rewards with high performance. Lorenzo is noticing that his coworkers seem to be more creative under the new system, and that they handle problem-solving better. Lorenzo's company is likely to have put in____reward system

an individual

Which of the Big Five personality traits refers to a person who is hardworking, organized, and dependable?

conscientiousness

Adam Smith's doctrine of natural liberty argues for open-market competition and free trade, which is similar to

consequential theory of ethics

Personality researchers are most concerned with the set of characteristics that lend_____to behavior.

consistency

To affect both job satisfaction and performance, rewards must be

contingent on individual performance

Sydney is a single mother with two children, one of whom has a chronic medical condition. Sydney says she stays at her job because it provides medical benefits she likely would not receive at other companies. This is an example of ________ organizational commitment.

continuance

A popular athletic shoe company is focused on reducing the environmental impact of its supply chain, which is an example of

corporate social responsibility

Telling a millennial, or Generation Y, employee that they can't take on a new job because it doesn't require a lot of creativity.

discrimination

Which of the following terms in Kelley's attribution theory refers to the cue indicating the degree to which an individual behaves the same way in other situations?

distinctiveness

Which of the following is the preferred method of workplace communication?

email

In general, most leaders are_____, but as Elon Musk, Barack Obama, and Hillary Clinton show, you can be____and still be a good leader.

extroverts, introverted

Which of the following terms refers to the belief that performance is related to rewards?

instrumentality

All of the following are major characteristics of a persuasive source EXCEPT

intelligence

Last week, Thom found a memo on his desk from his manager. The memo told Thom that he had done great work on his last project, and that his manager hoped Thom would spend more time on similar projects in the future. In this situation, the memo was the___of a persuasive event.

message

Which generation of workers tends to place high importance on creativity and seek work in line with their values?

millennial gen y

Florence has a bad attitude toward her work, mostly because she only meets with her boss once every 6 weeks. Florence's attitude is most likely to be based on:

minimal feedback

Which of the following is an environmental variable in interactional psychology?

personal life

Priya is assigned to mentor Neil, a new employee. When an e-mail regarding an upcoming staff meeting is sent, Priya notices that Neil was not included but decides to remain silent. Neil misses the meeting and important information. Which defense tactic is Priya using in this example?

power play

The belief that an employee who is blind will be less productive than an employee who can see.

prejudice

Jim is the mayor of a small town in the southeast. As mayor, he chairs the monthly town hall meeting. Last week, Jim ejected two people from the meeting when they wouldn't stop talking. This week, Jim notices that those two people stopped talking immediately when their time was up. Jim is using____to modify the behavior of the people who attend town hall meetings.

punishment

Gabriel lives in Germany, a country where there is a high need to avoid uncertainty. When considering Maslow's needs, which need is likely to be at the top of Gabriel's version of Maslow's need hierarchy?

security

Trevon interviewed dozens of candidates for a sales job with his company and now must select one of them. He decides to hire Natalie because she graduated from an Ivy League college. He assumes anyone from such a prestigious school is smart and hardworking. Which barrier to social perception is at play here?

selective perception or stereotype

Which term refers to the tendency to attribute one's successes to internal causes and one's failures to external causes?

self serving bias

Which preference in the Myers-Briggs Type theory represents perception or information gathering?

sensing/ituition

A target uses the peripheral route to persuasion when

she is distracted

Which of the following is a hygiene factor according to Herzberg's two-factor theory of motivation?

supervision

Loehr's full engagement idea asserts that people must

manages energy rather than time

Which of the following is a terminal value?

pleasure

Which preference in the Myers-Briggs Type theory has a strong gender difference?

thinking/feeling

What is the most current term for organizations that do business in several countries?

transnational organizations

The intersection of actual performance and measured performance is called

true assessment

Avoid pure self-promotion. Avoid asking for references unless the person is someone you already know. Ensure that all updates are frequent and relevant but not too frequent.

twitter, linkedin, facebook

Christina is one of the most laid-back people in your office. She gets her work done, but she doesn't seem to stress or rush about it. She always has time to talk to coworkers, and as a result, she has many friends at the office. What type of behavior is Christina exhibiting?

type b behavior

When a company has LGBT-friendly policies, its stock price is likely to go

up

Which of the following denotes a gateway through the language barrier in communication?

use simple, direct, and declarative statements

A B Corp is a company that

uses power of business as a source of good

Manuel hates going to baseball games. He finds them stressful because he is afraid of heights and always ends up sitting at the top of the stadium. Manuel wants to get better at transformational coping, or modifying his perceptions of an event so that the event is not so stressful. Which of the following actions would help him do that? Check all that apply.

-Start thinking of baseball games as practice for experiencing heights, not just baseball games. -Study acrophobia to get a greater understanding of it

When participating in a_____you are likely to get information from yourself, your manager, peers, subordinates, and possibly even customers.

360 degree feedback session

Which of the following companies has high uncertainty avoidance?

At Sipria Insurance, little has changed since the 1960s. Few employees even know how to use e-mail, and most business is conducted by telephone or in person with a simple handshake. Since Sipria caters exclusively to older people who are less likely to use the Internet, its practices work well for the company.

What does Kurt Lewin's equation B = ƒ (P, E) mean?

Behavior is a function of the person and the environment.

Which of the following are part of honest, healthy communication? Check all that apply.

Honest competition Truthfulness

Performance appraisals do all of the following except:

Identify an employee's personality traits

Why are students ultimately asked to apply their skills in both the classroom and at work when learning about organizational behavior?

In order to transfer new skills from a structured to an unstructured setting

Which of the following statements accurately describes gender diversity?

In the United States, the glass ceiling tends to prevent women's movement to the executive level.

Last year, you opened a small, U.S.-based, furniture store. But now you are worried—many overseas furniture stores are advertising on the Internet, and you are facing increasing global competition. What is the best action for you to take in this situation?

Increase the quality of your furniture and your service to clients.

In the cognitive approach to learning, which of the following personality preference types most likely will scan research reports for the overall theme and then go with their gut as to what research findings can be apply to their organization?

Intuitive thinker

Which of the following statements accurately describes guanxi?

It can mean anything from strongly loyal relationships to ceremonial gift giving.

Which of the following is an example of a participation problem resulting from organizational distress?

Minerva is so worried about her newest project with a seemingly impossible deadline that she calls in sick when she isn't.

This job satisfaction survey asks respondents to use a five-point scale to describe how satisfied they are with various parts of their jobs.

Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ)

Which of the following is an example of counterproductive work behavior (CWB)?

Natalia discovers a shortcut that saves her hours of time on routine projects and keeps the discovery to herself

In role negotiation, what should a person in a focal role do? Check all that apply.

Negotiate their expectations with a supervisor. Identify their expectations of the role.

All of the following statements accurately describe organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) EXCEPT

OCBs must be carefully managed since each behavior significantly depletes employee energy

Which of the following statements best represents a Theory Y assumption?

People resist organizational needs because of prior experiences.

All of the following statements accurately describe work attitudes EXCEPT

Positive psychological climates are not enough to generate positive attitudes or good performance

Which of the following statements accurately describes emotions and moods?

Research has shown that emotions and cognitions are normal parts of decision making.

Which of the following statements accurately describes a quality performance feedback session?

Supervisors must establish mutual trust and be vulnerable to challenges from the employee

All of the following statements accurately describe motivation factors in Herzberg's two-factor theory EXCEPT

The absence of motivation factors leads to dissatisfaction.

Suppose that you are trying to determine if there is a link between a person's attitude and his or her behavior. Which of the following statements about that link is most likely to be correct?

The shorter the time is between the attitude measurement and the observed behavior, the stronger the relationship between the two will be

With which of the following ideas would Sigmund Freud agree?

The unconscious mind influences human motivation.

What do all forms of nonverbal communication have in common?

Their meanings are culture bound.

Which of the following is not a responsibility of an employee during a performance review?

To be passive and compliant

Ari works as a manager for a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) service company. Recently, his heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) technician has been having problems. She just isn't servicing as many clients as she did six months ago. The first thing Ari should consider as he tries to solve this problem is:

Whether or not the company's work systems might be getting in the way of his technician's performance

Managers are more likely to consult employees and work with them to achieve harmonious results when the culture is characterized by

a low power distance

Step in Learning Organizational Behavior Order: a.Master basic objective knowledge b.Develop specific skills and abilities c.Apply knowledge and skills

a.1 b.2 c.3

Genevieve is overjoyed to have been chosen to work on her company's most prestigious and challenging project. She asks her supervisor to set up weekly progress meetings, so she can receive timely feedback and to permit her to work from home two days per week, so she can avoid distractions. According to McClelland's Need Theory, Genevieve has a high need for

achievement

What is the primary chemical messenger released into the bloodstream at the beginning of the stress response?

adrenaline

By definition, a message has two primary components: content and

affect

When a group works in different locations and is made up of people of different sexes and different cultures, it will have more____to communication than groups that do not have these characteristics.

barriers

Cadman is experiencing cognitive dissonance. He just bought a new Fiat 500 Abarth, but the next day he read an article saying that Honda Civics were much more reliable and therefore cooler in the long run than Fiats. As a result, Cadman returns his Fiat to the dealer and goes out to purchase a Honda. Cadman is changing his_____in order to overcome his cognitive dissonance.

behavior

Which of the following approaches asserts that stress occurs when emotions or demands upset an individual's natural steady state of balance?

cannons medical approach

Which of the following terms is defined as communication and behavior that respects the integrity and dignity of the individual?

civility

Goran secured three bids for a project at work. He was about to award the job to the lowest bidder when his boss demanded he award the job to the highest bidder—a friend of hers from college. Goran feels torn between his strong sense of fairness and his boss' demand. He is experiencing

cognitive dissonance

Cultural researchers have found that expectancy theory does not hold up well in cultures that are

collectivist

Which of the following is a component of personality hardiness?

commitment

Kiesha was up for a promotion at work but didn't get it. She believes her coworker Mark got the job because of his gender. Because Kiesha believes she was treated unfairly, her bloodstream likely contains high levels of

cortisol

_____happens when employees act in a way that causes harm to the company because of their negative attitudes. It includes things like coming in late and gossiping about others at work.

counterproductive work behavior (CWB)

Which term refers to the theory that there are no universal ethical principles and that people should not impose their own ethical standards on others?

cultural relativism

Nikita's manager, Tanya, made a big mistake when she wrote Nikita's last performance review. Tanya forgot to include any information on Nikita's new sales technique, which brought their company an additional $1,500,000 in sales last year. In performance measurement, this indicates a:

deficiency problem

What is the first step in performance management?

define performance in behavioral terms

Which of the following is a leading cause of work stress for employees?

demanding managerial styles

Which of the following is an individual contribution, according to Etzioni's exchange relationship?

developmental potential

An employee who leaves the organization just six months after being hired.An employee who is not happy when she comes to work.

direct, indirect

High Mach individuals are____others, and they focus on the___aspects of a situation.

emotionally detached from, objective

Ashley is a supervisor at a call center. Her employees are comfortable approaching her with their suggestions and complaints. Which of the manager-employee communication skills does Ashley most likely exhibit?

empathy and sensitivity

All of the following are typical of cultures characterized by traditional masculinity EXCEPT

emphasis on the environment

Organizations with high levels of____will have strong financial performance, even in an uncertain economy

employee engagement

All of the following are benefits of workforce diversity EXCEPT

enhanced communication

Which characteristic of effective performance appraisal systems refers to the fair evaluation against established criteria, regardless of individual differences?

equitability

You are interviewing baristas to work at your local Starbucks coffeehouse. So far today you've interviewed three people: Jill, Rizwan, and Ana. Jill is 65. She retired from her job as a marketing executive last year and is now looking for part-time work. Rizwan is from Egypt. He is 17, and he came to the United States with his parents when he was 4. Ana is 25, and she wants to work at Starbucks to help pay for her college education.You believe that Ana only got into college because she was lucky. This is an____ attribution.

external

Your coworker, Kumi, has always been a very good employee. But last week, Kumi failed when putting together an important budget. Several other people also failed in trying to produce this report, so you're not surprised by Kumi's work, just a little disappointed. You are likely to assign an___cause to Kumi's performance because of___.

external, consensus

While in group meetings, Josef tends to daydream and ignore the business at hand. When Josef does participate, his supervisor compliments his ideas and thanks him. When Josef daydreams, his supervisor says nothing. This is an example of

extinction

This is an example of how____changes communications.

face and eye behavior

Which of the following experiences would cause an electrician to dislike a particular brand of wiring most strongly?

getting shocked while working on wiring

Jo just got a set of goals for the year from her manager. Jo isn't happy because nobody asked her what goals she wanted to accomplish for the year. As a result, she doesn't pay much attention to the goals she receives from her manager. This situation shows a problem with:

goal commitment

Chinese companies participate in ____, or networks where managers can ask favors of other managers and expect to return those favors in the future.

guanxi

Jake's planned change is likely to lead his employees to have

high job satisfaction

The best source for rating an individual's emotional intelligence is

individuals work history

From your perspective, this situation is

inequitable

Jim is a philosophy major. He is interested in seeing how different philosophies relate to each other, and he does a good job figuring out synergies between philosophical approaches. Jim is a theoretician, and he is constantly looking for meaning in the material he studies. It seems that Hoyt has a soft spot in his heart for everybody. He's always listening to people's problems, and he helps just by being quiet and letting his friends talk. Hoyt doesn't turn anyone away—if you've got an issue, he's willing to be the shoulder you can cry on.

intuitor,feeler

What global business practice has the greatest potential for creating economic challenges?

layoffs

Management at Work Jake is managing 10 criminal justice case managers. Recently, he realized that his employees weren't meeting their performance standards. Jake is worried about this, and as a result, he decides to try some new management techniques. The first thing Jake tries is to give his employees more responsibility. Each employee will have complete control over one part of a major work project. According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, Jake is planning on changing a

motivator

Aaron knows he works much harder than Byron, has a more advanced university degree, but makes about one-third less money. According to Adams's theory, Aaron is perceiving a situation of

negative inequity

Sumi is known for her inability to be on time for group meetings. When she is late, her boss nags her about it. When she is on time, her boss says nothing. This is an example of

negative reinforcement

____theory of motivation says that people are motivated by both their needs and available external incentives.

psychological ownership

Attitudes are best defined as

psychological tendencies expressed by evaluating something with a degree of favor or disfavor.

According to James Lynch, what is the cure for communicative disease?

reengaging in conversations balanced by thoughts and emotions

Secondary preventive stress management is directed at the

response

When a young male employee who doesn't believe that women belong in the workplace acts respectfully toward his female boss because other employees do so, the relationship between his attitude and behavior is being influenced by

social constraints

The absence of heartfelt communication in relationships leads to

social isolation.

Which theory of learning asserts that learning occurs when we observe other people and model their behavior?

social learning

I want to lose a lot of weight by the end of next year. I want to accept responsibility for communicating more effectively with my team, starting next Friday.

specific, measurable

All of the following are reliability problems in performance appraisal systems EXCEPT

the poorly defined task performance

What is workplace telepressure?

the pressure to prioritize all workplace communication similarly, no matter the format

People are more likely to be persuaded into an attitude change when

the tone of the message matches their mood.

Lachlan works as a swim coach for children under the age of six. He has a stressful job, because he has to instruct the children's parents, as well as instructing the children. Recently, his stress levels have become higher, and now his boss wants to be sure Lachlan isn't experiencing psychological distress. Which of the following might be symptoms that Lachlan is under psychological distress? Check all that apply.

-Lachlan complains of headaches and stomachaches, but doctors cannot find anything physically wrong with him. -Lachlan starts to exhibit symptoms of burnout. He downplays the fact that he taught 250 children to swim last year. -Lachlan is depressed. He doesn't talk with people at work the way he used to.

Which of the following are supported by research? Check all that apply.

-Women turn over at the same rate as men. -Women respond differently to stress than men do. -Women have different stressors than men do

1.Manny believes that his employees are not likely to change, and therefore he is worried about introducing a new operations system. The employees probably won't use it. 2.Akna supervises 12 coders in her programming agency. She believes that her coders are bright, motivated, and capable, and she sees her job as helping the coders to see their capabilities for themselves.

1. Theory X 2.Theory Y

1. The person is gregarious, assertive, and sociable (as opposed to reserved, timid, and quiet). 2.The person is cooperative, warm, and agreeable (rather than cold, disagreeable, and antagonistic). 3.The person is hardworking, organized, and dependable (as opposed to lazy, disorganized, and unreliable). 4.The person is calm, self-confident, and cool (as opposed to insecure, anxious, and depressed). 5.The person is creative, curious, and cultured (rather than practical with narrow interests).

1. extraversion 2. agreeableness 3. conscientiousness 4.emotional stability 5. openness to experience

In which of Kohlberg's stages of cognitive moral development are most adults classified?

Stage 4, where people try to live up to the laws and norms of society.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Yerkes-Dodson law?

The greatest benefits from stress are achieved in the midrange of the curve.

The Japanese term karoshi refers to:

death by overwork

Lilly May is an excellent employee. She always tells the truth, and she follows the rules of her organization. Lilly May's_____is likely to make her company____ successful.

ethical behavior, more

Nancy just finished writing up her self-positive and self-negative feedback for the year, and she's given it to her manager. What stage of the management by objectives process is Nancy in?

evaluate performance

An introverted manager who doesn't like to speak up during meetings is likely to be less effective because she lacks which of the following skills?

expresiveness

Which of the following is a work value?

fairness

Employees who are high self-monitors pay attention to situations and learn to act in different ways depending on the situation. This means that the behavior of high self-monitors is likely to be____consistent than the behavior of low self-monitors over time.

less

Last month, Noel listened as one of his employees said, "Why can't Noel ever figure out what goals we're supposed to be meeting? One week he wants us to increase sales, and the next week he wants us to focus on customer service! It's so frustrating." Noel overheard one of his employees, Pablo, saying to another employee, Paul, "I just don't know what to do! Usually everything around here is so calm, but recently, things seem a lot more chaotic. It's stressing me out, and I don't know whether to try and fix it or just find another job."

person-environment fit, homeostatic/medical

Doctors follow the Hippocratic Oath. In part, a modern version of that oath states that "The health and well-being of my patient will be my first consideration." This pledge serves as what for the medical profession?

a code of ethics

Customers at Nordstrom's stores choose to pay a higher price for their purchases because they believe they are better made, and they think Nordstrom is constantly improving to provide them with better quality service and meet their expectations. Based on these two factors alone, Nordstrom is likely to have

a total quality management program

Last week, Jill found out that her company was implementing a new accounting system. Jill's manager told her that she would need to start formatting all her reports differently and that she would need to learn the details of the new system quickly. Jill is threatened by these changes, and she isn't sure they will be good for the company. Which of the following actions is she most likely to take? Check all that apply.

-Jill may look for keycodes in the new system that are the same as the keycodes used in the old system. -Jill may look for ways in which the new reports are similar to the reports she has already been filing.

A successful manager is most likely to have

an internal locus of control

A perceiver will have a positive social perception of the target when

superior to supervisor

You are researching Wash & Wear, an established dry cleaner in your neighborhood. In order to get a good understanding of the company, you spend several days working with the employees who are responsible for cleaning and ironing clothes. Over this time, you find out a little about their beliefs about their work, the things that they value most, their group norms, and their daily feelings. You are looking at the _____ parts of the organization.

informal

George is not a manager, but other employees look to him for advice and direction because he knows what he's doing.

informal organization

While participating in a psychological study on her university campus, Yael was asked to play a word association game. The researcher said a word and Yael had to respond with another, related word as quickly as she could. The researcher summarized her personality based on the results. To measure Yael's personality, the researcher used a

projective test

Matilda is really excited. Today she found out that her company, A.K. Auto Repair, is changing their performance review system to include self-reviews from individuals. Matilda thinks the new review process will have a big impact on ____at the company, and she is excited to see the company include___ in their policies.

procedural justice, organizational justice

Madison sent a video to a small group of her coworkers. She assumed each would appreciate the video's political humor, but several vehemently complained and asked her never to send anything like that again. Which barrier to social perception is at play here?

projection

Ana is guilty of the self-serving bias. She tells you that she got into college because_____, but that it is taking her longer than normal to finish college because____.

she was intelligent, classes are more difficult than she thought they would be

Angela is most likely to be a member of

the millennial generation (gen y)

Which of the following dimensions of the job are related to job satisfaction? Check all that apply.

-valued rewards -opportunities for advancement -supportive coworkers

Which of the following help to make up the ego-ideal? Check all that apply.

-Good qualities that your parents had -Qualities that you admire and want to have yourself

LaToya works in Boston for a Hale and Hearty, a large-size clothing manufacturer for men. She recently found out that the company was planning on closing their Boston offices and relocating to Shreveport, Louisiana. Which of the following steps should LaToya take in order to cope with this change more effectively? Check all that apply.

-Listen to managers when they answer her questions. -Ask questions when she is unclear about facts related to the change.

If a manager uses positive reinforcers, such as money and gift certificates, to shape the behavior of his or her employees, what can the manager then expect? Check all that apply.

-To satisfy the employees' lower-level needs -To satisfy the employees' affiliation needs -To see a temporary increase in the rewarded behaviors

Which of the following are important for managers to do if they want to establish a link between performance and behavior? Check all that apply

-Work with the employee to set up performance goals. -Evaluate an employee's performance. -Give employees feedback as they are working to accomplish goals. -Recommend rewards based on performance.

1. Bernard is one of the most liked people in his office. He always has time to listen to his coworkers and hear about their lives, and he tells them about his own concerns as well. Bernard likes making friends and always seems to see the best in everyone. 2. Dave has always wanted to be a professional golfer. To achieve his goal, he has to work hard. So he plays 9 holes of golf twice a day, spends two to three hours working on his putting, runs, has a cardio workout that he does 4 times a week, and plays some other sport, like tennis or basketball, 3 times a week. Dave wants to be the best! 3. Santo wants to be in charge and make as much money as he possibly can in his life. He is willing to do whatever it takes to achieve his goals, even if it involves influencing people to take actions that are considered by some to be unethical. As long as Santo wins, he's happy.Power

1. Affiliation 2. Achievement 3. Power

1. Ken is a very religious person, and his religion bans the use of birth control. For that reason, Ken and his wife simply stopped having sex when they didn't want to have any more children. 2. Vincent has done a lot of thinking about justice and civil rights, and he believes that all people deserve an equal chance to have similar jobs that pay the same amount of money regardless of anything besides the work being done. As a result, Vincent hires a diverse workforce, and all of the people on that workforce receive the same amount of money for doing the same kind of work. 3.Carl wants to know when he will receive his next raise. He tries to do those things that will bring him rewards at work.

1. Level 2 2. Level 3 3. Level 1

1.Ava is a firefighter, and she's learned some interesting things about her job in the last few months. It turns out that women who are firefighters have a much higher incidence of breast cancer than other women do, possibly because they are exposed to hazardous chemicals while fighting fires. Ava is worried about this, and now she's trying to figure out if she should keep her job or leave it. 2. Finn isn't sure how he's going to put his family life together with his worklife anymore. After his divorce, he got custody of the kids, but his wife got the house. Finn had to move across town, and now his kids can't go to the daycare center they've been using - it's too far from Finn's work. Finn is feeling stressed as he looks for a new daycare center that's closer to his new house and his workplace. 3.Jack is in the eighth grade, and he was scheduled to go to Stoneman Douglas High School next year. But after this year's shooting that killed 17 people at that school, Jake became very stressed out at the thought of having to attend someplace where something so tragic could have happened. Now he's trying to decide—should he go to Stoneman Douglas or try to convince his parents to let him go to a private school?

1.physical 2.home 3.personal

Which statement accurately describes the difference between classical and operant conditioning?

Classical conditioning involves two paired stimuli, whereas operant conditioning pairs behavior and response.

Joan has an important report that is due in two weeks. As a result, she is busy working, coming up with new ideas, analyzing data, and synthesizing all of the material she can find on her topic. She is energized and excited by her work and the deadline she is facing. Joan is experiencing:

Eustress

Which of the following statements accurately describes family motivation?

It rarely boosts performance in the workplace.

Which of the following companies has high individualism?

Ivana's Images has a reputation for being the best in the business. Sure, Ivana is difficult to work with—you wouldn't want her on your team—but she can do layout and design faster and better than anyone else. Ivana likes to work by herself, and she is happiest when she can prove that she is better than everyone.

Which of the following statements accurately describes job satisfaction?

Job satisfaction depends upon pay, the work itself, promotion opportunities, supervision, and coworkers

Which of the following activities will help you to reduce your stress? Check all that apply.

Meditation Prayer Aerobic exercise

Your textbook talks about how people learn from structured activities. This model suggests that people learn when: (1) they participate in an individual or group activity; (2) they then review that action systematically—for example, comparing individual and group results; (3) they make conclusions based on their review; and finally, (4) they develop new or modified knowledge and skills based on those conclusions. Because participants develop new skills and abilities over time, they can continue to grow their skills as they gain feedback on activity work. Nupur is trying to develop her organizational behavior skills. She is working with two other students in her class. Right now she is mediating a conversation between the two students, who are pretending to be union and management representatives. Nupur is in which step of the "Learning from Structured Activity" model?

Participating in an individual or group structured activity

Which of the following statements accurately describes stress?

Stress is an asset in achieving peak performance.

You want your teammates to use more nondefensive communication. Which of the following actions will help your team accomplish this goal? Check all that apply.

Telling your teammates that they can accomplish their goals in any way they like. Asking your teammates to listen carefully when someone gives them feedback on their behavior.

When you arrive for your first day at work, your coworkers greet you with warm smiles. When you introduce yourself, they look you in the eye attentively. What message are your coworkers expressing nonverbally?

They are telling you that they are actively engaged in meeting you.

Ever since you were a child, you have been terrified of clowns. Those white faces and red noses make you shudder. On your way to work today, you looked over and saw a clown driving the car next to you. Ick!! What is the clown?

a stressor

Every time you see Tess, your blood pressure goes up a little, and you start to growl and moan. Tess just annoys you to no end. Tess is:

a stressor

Heidi works for a large electric company. Over the last year, Heidi has been designing new batteries to store solar power. She loves her work and feels good about helping to create energy that doesn't cause a problem for the planet. Now the company has asked Heidi to take on a new project, which involves developing new ways of harnessing wind power. Heidi has agreed to the company's request. What type of commitment is Heidi experiencing?

affective commitment

Paolo's boss has asked him to provide documentation that outlines directions for cutting Waterford's Westbridge crystal bowl. What kind of documentation should Paolo prepare for his manager?

an operations manual

One benefit of individual reward systems over team reward systems is that they encourage

competition

All of the following influences on attitude formation are related to social learning EXCEPT

culture

Leonard is so upset following his performance appraisal, he feels like crying. Because he has several hours left in the work day, he decides to picture himself lying on a tropical beach to improve his mood. This is an example of

emotional labor

Which of the following terms refers to healthy, normal stress?

eustress

Antonio supervises the art department at a major magazine. In a recent meeting, he told his employees that he didn't care for sculpture chosen for the cover art because it felt too depressing and heavy for that month's light-hearted content. Which of the manager-employee communication skills does Antonio most likely exhibit in this example?

expressiveness

Which of the following types of communication is most rich?

face-to-face discussions

Dan was born in 1975, so he is a baby buster. As a result, he values_____much more than baby boomers do.

family life and time off work

Tim has been working for the same company for 20 years. Tim knows that if he performs well on a project, he'll get a small bonus from his manager within five weeks of completing the project. This scenario shows a____schedule of reinforcement

fixed interval

A company's organizational chart

formal organization

Of the following, which is considered the shortest form of written communication?

forms

Do you think some kind of reward would be appropriate to motivate Carlos? If so, what should it be?

full tuition of a course of your choice

Which of the following are predictors of performance? Check all that apply.

general mental ability, mixed emotional intelligence

In reading the above dialogue, it is clear that Diana believes that her____are lower than yours, but her allowance is the same, so her____are equal to yours

inputs, outcomes

Adrianna has an_____locus of control because she believes that she controls the events in her life. As a result, Adrianna is____likely to make ethical decisions than people with the opposite style of locus of control.

internal, more

____occurs when one person has to play two separate roles that conflict with each other—for example, acting as a nurse and a father. ____occurs when people are faced with two different sets of expectations about a role—for example, if a librarian is asked to shelve books while at the same time attending to the requests of her library patrons.

interrole conflict intrarole conflict

Which of the following terms refers to the study of body movements and posture?

kinesics

____states that a behavior that is rewarded will increase, while the____approach to motivation focuses on changing or modifying behavior through the appropriate use of rewards and punishments.

law of effect, reinforcement

Which of the following is a goal-setting program developed by Peter Drucker based on interaction and negotiation between employees and managers?

management by objectives

David McClelland's needs theory involves three ________ needs.

manifest

To understand altruistic, fair, and equitable behavior, we must understand an individual's

moral maturity

Frances has just been promoted to her dream job, but she is extremely fearful of making mistakes and looking foolish in front of her peers. To compensate, she spends the majority of her time on her phone with Isabella, her former mentor who now works elsewhere. Frances does not make any decisions without checking with Isabella first. Frances has developed a pattern of

overdependence

What component of reflective listening is missing from this conversation?

paraphrasing the expressed

If your professor tells you that you must only use a black pen when taking a test and she ignores you when you try to ask a question in class, she is using____to control your behavior.

power plays

Which motivational theory classification emphasizes the nature of the interaction between the individual and the environment?

process theories

Erica is working at her first full-time job. She has a degree in accounting but has been doing little more than data input for two years. She now is apathetic about her work, and her performance is subpar. Erica likely is experiencing

rust-out

Drew is committed to his work because of the excellent retirement plan. Which need in Maslow's hierarchy is fulfilled in this example?

safety and security

Which of the following denotes a gateway through the gender barrier in communication?

seek clarification of the person's meaning rather than interpreting it from one's own frame of reference

Which of the following is not a barrier to communication?

status similarities

Managers use____to identify what is causing stress for their employees at work.

stress audits

Which of the following terms refers to a person or event that triggers the stress response?

stressor

According to the job strain model, which of the following combinations leads to a high-strain job?

stringent demands and restricted control

Tara just started working as a marketing assistant at a large frame manufacturer. Tara has always been shy, and she typically asks her boss if it's okay before she does anything new. Tara is most likely to be a____person

subordinately defensive

During the stress response, chemical messengers activate the

sympathetic nervous system and the endocrine system.

Which of the following is a secondary stress prevention method in organizations?

team building

One type of internal motivation theory,____says that hard work is linked to salvation.

the Protestant work ethic

People in which of the following countries are likely to have the highest need for achievement?

the united states

Expectancy theory assumes that

there is no correlation between effort and performance but a strong one between performance and reward.

Which of the following is an addiction and the most notable stress-inducing nonwork demand?

workaholism

All of the following will affect how people perceive you EXCEPT

your positive self concept

You want to change someone's behavior, but you know that persuasion is influenced by the elaboration likelihood model. Suppose that you know that your target will be taking the peripheral route on the model. Which of the following questions should you ask as you are preparing your persuasive presentation? Check all that apply.

-Do I have enough arguments to make a good case, even though my target isn't listening carefully to each individual argument? -Is the person I am trying to persuade going to respect my expertise?

1.Sarah is writing a performance review for Melanie. In her first week at work, Melanie made several large mistakes. Despite the fact that Melanie's work has improved dramatically over the last year, Sarah is giving her a low rating based on what she saw when Melanie joined the company. 2.Maggie was meeting her blind date, Tom, at the local movie theater. Unfortunately, Tom was wearing a cowboy hat, and Maggie hates distinctive clothing of any kind. As a result, she didn't listen to much of what Tom said during the evening, and she doesn't know that Tom loves puppies, off-road vehicles, and Thai food, just as Maggie does. 3.Kanitha's teacher expected that Kanitha would do poorly in class because Kanitha came from a poor family. The teacher's expectations came true. Kanitha did do poorly - not because of her family's lack of wealth, but because the teacher did not spend time with her in class.

1. first impression 2.selective perception 3.self fulfilling prophecy

You ask each of your applicants to tell you about a time when they were on an unsuccessful team. Jill tells you that she tried to get a group of interns to work together and that she was unsuccessful. She says the interns were just too young to understand what teamwork means. Rizwan says that he tried to get a group of boys together to help out the senior citizens in his neighborhood. The group met once, but didn't meet after that. Rizwan says that it was his fault, and he is currently taking a course in goal setting so he can run next year's group more successfully. Which of the two applicants would you choose?

Rizwan

Yesterday, your employee, Hank, ruined the casings for 5,000 personalized pens. You are convinced that Hank's performance was caused by having the wrong equipment for the work.

External

______ is not an internal component of the organization's structure.

The task environment.

You're working with a great team this year. Your team leader is enthusiastic and always says positive things about your work project. As a result of______, the entire team feels good about working together.

emotional contagion

What is the single best predictor of work performance across many occupations and across different cultures?

general mental ability

Based on the preceding conversation, what could you do to improve your situation? Check all that apply.

-Imagine seeing each of your potential roommates wearing the same outfit. For example, no matter what the person wears to your first meeting, pretend they are wearing jeans and a T-shirt. -Rate all of your potential roommates on six other characteristics in addition to physical attractiveness.

In order to compete in a global economy, companies have to handle social changes, political changes, and cultural differences. Suppose that you are originally from Latvia. You have been offered a job as an expatriate manager in Italy, a country with a culture that is radically different from yours. What competencies would you need to take on this assignment? Check all that apply.

-risk taking -integrity

Which of the following are characteristics of a message that can influence a persuasive situation? Check all that apply.

-what emotion was associated with creating the message? -Does the message present both sides of an issue?

All of the following statements about sexual harassment in the workplace are true EXCEPT

Bystander interventions have no effect on workplace sexual harassment.

Bob is a strategy consultant who just started working with your company last month. You are starting to get to know him a little better, which is good. You've found out that Bob has a huge circle of friends and that he is happiest when he is interacting with other people. He seems to have a "sixth sense" for picking the right business strategy. He does not just collect information. Instead, he looks at the situation and tells you how various factors interact. He usually gives you good ideas about possibilities, not concrete solutions. Despite his "sixth sense," Bob is strongly analytical, as are many males. He looks for logical answers that make sense, not just answers that will make people feel good. Maybe it's his habit of using logic in making decisions, but Bob wants to get all of the information possible before he makes a decision. It's sometimes hard for him to actually come to a conclusion. In some meetings, you've seen him lay out six different alternatives rather than coming up with one final answer. Bob is most likely to be classified in what way on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator®?

ENTP

a. The Museum of Modern Art in New York was founded in the late 1920s by several wealthy trustees in order to create an institution devoted exclusively to modern art. b. The Ritz-Carlton hotel is known for making their customers happy, and they will go to great lengths to do so. At one facility, the engineers leave a little chocolate wrench behind in the guest's room whenever they complete a fix. c.Proctor & Gamble Co., or P&G, makes a wide variety of cleaning and personal care agents. You have probably used Bounty paper towels and/or Tide detergent, two of their more famous products.

a. nonprofit b. service c. manufacturing

Esmerelda just started up a new company in Italy, a country whose culture advocates direct eye contact, frequent touching, and standing in close proximity to others. As a result, Esmerelda posted a sign in her back room saying, "Smile and look our customers in the eye! Help our customers feel good about shopping here, because you enjoy working here!" Esmerelda's sign is an example of what?

display rules

Ling Woo is a graphics designer at a small t-shirt business. Ling Woo's company operates on a very tight budget. Recently, Ling Woo found out about a new t-shirt paint that is supposed to be every bit as good as the paint her company is currently using, but the paint sells at half the price of their current paint. Ling Woo has not told anyone about this new paint, because she is afraid of change and doesn't know that she will like the new paint. Ling Woo is guilty of:

hiding info

If you do things that will make other people think better of you, you are practicing the art of

impression management

Truong Thi was just told that she will be responsible for setting up this year's United Way drive at her office. Truong Thi was angry—she doesn't believe in asking employees for charitable donations. Truong Thi is experiencing____emotions, and if she keeps feeling this way, she is likely to be____effective at work.

negative, less