midterm questions

which of these bones is the most inferior

coccyx

which statement best describes why ATP is an important nucleic acid in the body

ATP provides a form of chemical energy all body cells can use

______ connective tissue is commonly called fat

adipose

Although you get wet while swimming, which protein makes the epidermis a tough protective layers

keratin

Edna tore a ligament in the patellar region and anticipates having difficulty with her

knee

where are mucous membranes found

lining the inside of the stomach

trans fat increase the risk of heart disease because they have been solidified by the addition of hydrogen atoms. originally, trans fat were oils and classified as ______

unsaturated fats

during transcription, which base pairs with adenine of DNA in the newly formed molecule of DNA?

uracil

which of the following is not a hallmark feature of epithelial tissue

epithelial tissues are well vasculairzed

an atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. its atomic mass number is ____

14

broken bones do not bleed since bone tissue is avascular

false

two basic types of bone tissue are compact bone and smooth bone

false

the pH scale is based on ____

hydrogen ion concentration in solution

fingerprints and footprints in the epidermis are created by dermal papillae present in the ___

papillary layer of the dermis

the ______ membrane lines the fibrous capsule surrounding joints

synovial

which of the following reduces friction in movable joints, such as knees

synovial fluid

which of the following is the smallest unit of all living things

cell

in cell division, the term that refers to division of the cytoplasm is ____

cytokinesis

tendons and ligaments are classified as ______

dense connective (regular fibrous) tissue

a newborn baby has an S-shaped spinal curvature known as primary curvature

false

cells are the building blocks of all matter

false

messenger RN (mRNA) carries an anticodon that codes for the amino acid while transfer RNA carried a codon complementary to the anticodon

false

muscle tissue is located in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

false

osteoporosis is a bone-thinning sidease that often affects young women

false

ribosomes are found attached to smooth endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm

false

the last two pairs of ribs are called true ribs because they have no attachments to the sternum

false

the spinal cord passes through the body of each vertebra

false

translation is the stage of protein synthesis during which a complementary mRNA molecule is synthesized from a DNA template

false

the skin and its appendages (nails, glands, and hairs) are collectively called the ___

integumentary system

_____ muscle tissue has no visible striations and its found in the walls of hollow organs

smooth

Teeth are anchored in the maxillary bones and the mandible.

true

active processes, such as solute pumping, use ATP

true

chromatin and chromosomes are both composed of DNA

true

hypercalcemia promotes the deposition of calcium to bones using osteoblasts

true

the four primary tissue types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerovus

true

the intervertebral discs that cushion the spine and absorb shock are composed of firbocarticalge

true

the matrix of hyaline cartilage consists of abundant collagen fibers hidden in a rubbery matrix

true

the skeletal system is divded into two parts: the asxial skeletol, the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the body, and the apprendicular skeleton, the bones of the limbs and girdles that attach them to the skeleton

true

there are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae

true

enzymes are _____

biological catalysts

unsaturated fatty acid chains contain one or more ______ bonds between carbon atoms

double

glands, such as the thyroid, the secrete their products so that they diffuse into the blood rather than through ducts are classified as _____

endrocrine

the period of the cell cycle when the cell grows and performs its metabolic activities is ____

interphase

glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called

polysaccharides

the white, cheesy-looking substance that is produced by the sebaceous glands and protects a baby's skin while it is floating in its water-filled sac inside the mother is called ____

vernix caseosa

Toya stepped on a tack while barefoot. It pierced all the way into the dermis. Through which strata of the epidermis did the tack pierce, from superficial to deep?

2, 4, 3, 5, 1

an atom with 13 electrons will have _____ electrons in the valence shell

3

rank these elements found in the human body from most common to least common

4, 1, 2, 3

place the following steps of protein synthesis and export from the cell in the proper order

4, 1, 3, 2

If the sequence of nitrogenous bases in one strand of DNA is GTA-GCA, the sequence of bases on its complementary DNA strand would be:

CAT-CGT

which of the following letters in the ABCDE rule for recognizing melanomas is incorrect

D stands for diagnosis

a molecule with the sequence AUCGUCA should be categorized as

RNA

which of the following DNA base pairs is complementary

adenine and thymine

the epidermis is made mostly of dense (fibrous) connective tissue

false

people with asthma produce too much mucus, which can block the airways. what type of cell is associated with the epithelium of the respiratory for making mucus?

goblet cell

which of the following is not a structural component of the nucleus

golgi apparatus

when james shaves his face, which portion of the hair is removed

hair shaft

what characteristics is shared by both cardiac and smooth muscle tissue

involuntary contractions

which of the following is not a subatomic particle associated with an atom

ion

which of the following abnormal skin colors results from liver disorders

jaundice

which of the following are pigments that contribute to skin color

melanin; carotene; hemoglobin

the small intestine has tiny, finger-like projections of the plasma membrane that help increase the surface area and aid in the absorption of nutrients known as ____

microvili

which type of tissue is situated in the lining of the urinary bladder and urethra where stretching occurs

transitional epithelium

which of these nucleic acids carries out the orders for protein synthesis

RNA

muscle cells need abundant ATP for muscle contractions. which organelle must be commonly found in muscle cells to accommodate ATP production

mitochondrion

which of the following membranes lines all body cavities that are open to the exterior

mucous

irritability and conductivity are the two major functional characteristics of

nervous tissue

The pleura and pericardium are examples of ________ membranes that cover organs in a body cavity closed to the exterior.

serous

what is situated between the visceral and parietal pleura

serous fluid

which of the following is not classified as connective tissue

skeletal muscle

in adults, the function of the yellow marrow is to ____

store adipose tissue

you have tested a chemical in the laboratory and determined it to be a proton donor. how would you classify this chemical?

acid

an organic molecule that catalyzes sucrose into the monosaccharides glucose and fructose would be called ____

an enzyme

A nurse tends to a patient with a sunburn. Upon examination, she sees blisters and red skin. What type of burn does the patient most likely have?

blisters

what function do the arrector pili muscles serve

connect each side of the hair follicle to dermal tissue

the outermost layer of the epidermis is keratinized and known as stratum ____

corneum

If someone sitting at the other end of a bar is smoking, you may still breathe in some of the smoke. What process involves the movement of the smoke away from its source?

diffusion

passive processes that move substances across the membranes ____

do not require ATP

most homeostatic control mechanisms are negative feedback mechanisms

true

survival needs include nutrients, oxygen, water, and appropriated temperature and atmospheric pressure

true

the lower the pH, the greater the number of hydrogen ions released by a chemical into solution

true

the thoracic cavity is separated from the abdominopelvic cavity by the diaphragm

true

a physcian estimated the volume of fluid lost in a severly burned patient by ______

using the "rule of nines"

what accounts for 60 to 80 percent of the body's weight, depending having difficulty with her _____

water

what will decrease a person's risk for development of the bone-thinning disease known as osteoporsis

weight-bearing exercise

the sebaceous and sweat glands associated with the skin are classified as _____ glands because they release secretions surface via ducts

exocrine

the orbital cavities house the

eyes

Both phospholipids and triglycerides are built from glycerol and three fatty acid chains

false

Inactive or stored energy is called kinetic energy.

false

glands of the nervous system release chemicals called hormones into the blood

false

ionic bonds are responsible for the surface tension of water

false

the hypogastric (pubic) region is directly superior to the umbilical region

false

when an individual is exposed to extremely low air temperatures, the capillaries of the skin will swell so that blood will flush into skin capillary beds, and heat will radiate

false

four of the five answers listed below are parts of the same anatomical area. select the exception

fibula

what type of burn only involves injury to the superficial epidermis

first-degree

how many codons are present in this strand of mRNA: AUGGCAAUUAA

four

what kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo

hyaline cartilage

a solution that contains fewer solutes than the cell is _____ to the cell

hypotonic

the staphylococcus infection of the skin that causes pink, water-filled, raised lesions is known as ___

impetigo

each complex of central canal and martiz rings in compact bone is known as ____

an osteon (haversian system)

ventral is a directional term synonymous with _____ in humans

anterior

what type of tissue covers the epiphysis of bones and reduces friction in the joints

articular cartilage

Due to the cast placed on her broken leg, Kinsley's muscles have decreased in size. Which term best describes how her muscles have been affected?

atrophy

how would you classify the shoulder and hip joints

ball-and-socket joint

which of the following is the least malignant and most common skin cancer that affects the cells of stratum basale?

basal cell carcinoma

the passive process that involves the movement of water through aquaporins is _____

osmosis

blood is considered a weak base. select the pH that best represents blood

pH 7.4

a needle performing a biopsy of lung tissue would travel through the proud membrane layers surrounding the lung in the following order ____

parietal pleura, visceral pleura, lung

what are the two types of endocytosis

phagocytosis and pinocytosis

what separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid

plasma membrane

the atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of _____ an atom contains

protons

which of the following is a lubricant that keeps skin soft and moist and also contains chemicals that kill bacteria

sebum

what structure level comes immediately and after the creation of a beta-pleated sheet in proteins

tertiary structure

which of the following is a vital function of the integumentary system

the skin synthesizes vitamin D

the membrane connections that prevent the leaking of fluid between cells are called ____

tight junctions

the process of transcription _____

transfers information from DNA to mRNA

the presence of epiphseal plate indicated that

bone length is increasing

Both serous fluid and synovial fluid serve as lubricants in their respective locations.

true

Water is the single most abundant inorganic compound in the human body.

true

there are four stages in the healing of a bone fracture. which of the following best illustrates the sequence of these stages

4, 3, 1, 2