midterm review intro to human services
abreaction
-The Discharge of repressed emotions through the reenactment of highly emotional, previously repressed childhood memories and feelings, as they are remembered by the patient
ego
-serves as the mediator between inner drives and outer reality functions include perception, memory, judgment, conscious thought, and action o deals with the dangerous id impulses and threats from the external environment, a major function is reality testing, or separating fact from fantasy
field instructor provides 3 major functions
1.administrative tasks such as linkage, accountability for the student's experience, and evaluation of the student 2.education of the student through a tutorial or mentoring role 3. actual observation and supervision of the student
two significant problems facing human services in the process of professionalization
1.insufficient recognition by the public for Human Services as a distinct profession 2. continues to be fragmentation in Human Services education
5 characteristics of the generalist human service worker
1.works with a limited number of clients or families (in consultation with other professionals) 2. provide across-the-board services as needed by the clients and their families • 3.able to work in a variety of agencies and organizations that provide Human Services able to work cooperatively with all the existing professions in the field rather than affiliating with any one of the existing professions 4 familiar with a number of therapeutic services and techniques 5.a human service professional who is expected to continue to learn and grow
assistant to specialist
A human service professional who works closely with a highly trained professional as an aid and helper in servicing clients.
tardive dyskinesia
A neurological disorder marked by chronic tremors and involuntary spastic movements.
what is a human service worker
A person who does not have traditional professional academic credentials but who, through experience, training, or education, provides helping services
the principle of reciprocal inhibition
A response (relaxation) that inhibits anxiety in the presence of the phobic stimulus will weaken the connection between the stimulus and the anxiety
3 pillars of human services
Advocacy, Research and Credentialing
pre scriptive psycho threapy
Approach based on the assumption that therapy is more effective if it is Tailored to the specific problem of the client a particular treatment is prescribed for a particular behavior based on the empirical evidence available in the research literature
evaluator
Assesses client or community needs and problems, whether medical, psychiatric, social, or educational.
Learning Theory
Based on the idea that changes in behavior result more from experience and less from our personality or how we think or feel about a situation.
multi factored casuality
Behavior is the function of the life matrix in which people exist, a combination of physical, psychological, and environmental issues.
the cognitive learning model
Behaviors learned through reinforcement are influenced by the environment and influence cognition cognitions affect how people perceive the environment and behave
personal discomfort
Identification of the self as problematic relates to a subjective sense of personal discomfort or a belief that one's feelings, thoughts, or behaviors are not right and involves personal value judgments • May be manifested in outward behavior
secondary process thinking
In psychoanalytic theory, the term for rational and conscious processes of ordinary thought.
cultural incapacity
No intention to be destructive, but there are biases, belief in the superiority of the dominant culture, and a paternal posture toward supposedly lesser cultures (or races) There may be discriminatory hiring practices, and subtle messages to minorities that they are not valued
psychodnamic perspective (intrapersonal)
People who have problems in living or who behave deviantely are seen as sick They behave as they do because of unconscious motivation and are prisoners of early formative experiences
teacher eduactor
Performs a range of instructional activities from simple coaching and informing to teaching highly technical content directed to individuals and groups
comprehensive community mental health centers
Provide short term inpatient care, but most of their services are on an outpatient basis offer many services that are helpful to people who have not been traditionally seen as having mental disorders. offer crisis counseling, marital therapy, family therapy and consultation, and education services
mica or misa
Refers to an individual who suffers both from a mental illness and from chemical abuse (MICA) or substance abuse (MISA)
client self centered concept theory
Rogerian theory developed by Carl Rogers : Proposes that behavior is a function of how one sees one's self Develops out of interaction with the environment in the process of self-actualization the self may introject the values of others or perceive those values in a distorted fashion
community planner
Works with community boards, committees, and so on to ensure that community developments enhance self and social actualization or at least minimize emotional stress and strains on people
Worthy Poor
Young children, the sick, widows, the aged, and the disabled
probation
a sentence that the offender is allowed to serve under supervision in the community
classical conditioning model
a stimulus (S) causes an unconditioned response (UCR) • A second stimulus is then paired with the original stimulus through closeness in time or distance and with great frequency. it then becomes associated with the original stimulus and with the unconditioned response, to the extent that the existence of the second stimulus elicits the response, which is then considered to be conditoned
token economies
a system for redesigning total environments to make them supportive of positive or socially desirable behaviors and capable of extinguishing negative, maladaptive, or socially undesirable behaviors.
unworthy poor
able bodied people who had no income supposedly do to laziness or character flaws
cultural competence
acceptance and respect for differences, continuing self-assessment regarding cultural differences, expansion of cultural knowledge and resources, and adaptation of service models to better serve minority clients
syntonic behaviors
accepted and valued
cultural pre-competence
agencies or workers realize their weaknesses and serving minorities and make attempts to improve services
self help programs
alcohol anonymous
profession
an occupation or vocation requiring training in the liberal arts or sciences and advanced study in a specialized field or a body of qualified persons of one specific occupation or field
pheno mological field
an understanding of events as each individual person perceives them • a concept for understanding behavior includes one's self-concept, experiences, and perceptions, which are admitted to awareness
psychiatric approach
applies a medically oriented view to a wider spectrum of behavioral, emotional, or cognitive problems
stigma of fading worth
are often lonely, depressed, and frightened. Some have serious problems of mental deterioration leading to confusion, memory loss, and odd behavior
Intrapersonal Perspective
assumes that deviance is a function of biological structural formations or their functions involves the consideration of genetic abnormality as a possible underlying biological factor in the structure or function of a persons brain, with a corresponding impact on behavior
Treatment/ Planning
behavior changer, caregiver, assistant to specialist
deviance
behavior that varies so much from the norms of the group, that if it became known by others, it could be used as a basis for negative sanction in informal societal interaction or by official agencies of the society
BASIC ID
behavior, affect, sensation, imagery, cognition, interpersonal relationship, drugs and psychological states
behavior changer
carries out a range of activities planned primarily to change behavior, ranging from coaching and counseling to casework, psychotherapy, and behavior therapy
administrator
carries out activities that are primarily agency of institution oriented
operant approach
change rewards and punishments to change behavior
mimr
combined special ed and mental illness
extrapersonal
comparison with statistical norms comparison with cultural and societal standards of behavior
operant behavior model
concerned more with the consequences of a response than with the initial stimulus takes the approach that all behaviors have consequences on the environment and that the consequences reinforce the response (make it more likely to occur) maintain, or get rid of it
warmth
consist of subtle communication of tender, caring feelings
6 anchor points used to assess cultural competence on a coninum
cultural destructiveness, cultural incapacity, cultural blindness, cultural pre competence, cultural competence, advanced cultural competence
Advanced Cultural Competence
culture is held in much esteem , with continuing attempts to add to the knowledge base about it
endogenous depression
depression with no apparent cause
residual rule breaking
deviance that is not formally proscribed but that does violate societal norms
chemo threapy
drug treatment have the effect of modifying affective (emotional) states without significantly impairing cognitive functioning
human service workers respond to the need of for substance abuse services in 3 ways
education ,prevention, treatment
Social Security Act of 1935
established a system of old-age benefits for workers, benefits for victims of industrial accidents, unemployment insurance, aid for dependent mothers and children, the blind, and the physically handicapped.
Settlement Houses
established to help people who were poor and had difficulty fitting into American culture
adminsration/management
evaluator, consultant,community planner, ,data manager, administrator
reverberation
experiencing the other's experience while simultaneously attending to one's own cognitive and affective associations to that experience
empathy
feeling with someone
level one, entry level
few weeks to a few months of instruction but with little experience
well child clinics
focus is on preventive health care for infants and children and on training mothers to provide adequate physical and emotional care for their children
Generic Human Services Concept
focuses on the issues of human services as a distinct field, identifiable by the attitudes of its practioners and the technologies it uses
super ego
function of the personality that introjects and internalize is the parental and societal moral teachings If effectively internalized, it becomes the personality's police officer or conscience and is self-critical and prohibitive, controlling sexual and aggressive impulses
prisons
generally hold individuals convicted of a crime and sentence to terms of one year or more
human services include formal systems such as
government well fare programs,education, special ed,mental health organizations,child care programs, physical health care establishments, and the correctional or legal system
Mobilizer
helps get new resources for clients or communities
broker
helps people get to existing services and helps the services relate more easily to clients
level four master or professional level
high competent, equivalent to masters degree or doctorate
encoding
how people selectively attend to certain aspects of their environment
education
human service workers provide a variety of remedial experiences to pre school and primary school children who need special help
human services
human services can be defined as a field that helps individuals cope with problems of social welfare,psychological, behavioral,and or legal nature ▪ Services for the purpose of assisting the individual and/or group to achieve the highest level of functioning they are capable of achieving within the context of the society in which they live
southern regional education bord
identified 13 functional roles and 4 levels of workers who could or would perform human services
multi model threapy
identifies 7 domains of experience in which problems might appear and recommends a set of treatment approaches for each domain
joint commission on mental illness and health
included a strong statement that society's special responsibility to people with special needs are to permit, and in fact , to foster the development of their maximum capacity and to bring them as close to normalcy and independency as possible
house keeping factors
includes things such as use of time the supervisor deals with such issues as worker absenteeism, tardiness, keeping appointments, and other factors that are important in any type of employment
four models of the human service intergration concept
information and referral center, diagnostic center, one step multi service center, a linked comprehensive network
the involvement deminsion
involvement in achieved roles is usually variable, depending on time and place; involvement in ascribed roles is usually high and consistent.
Incoporation
making the other's experience one's own via internalizing the other
moderate
may require some supervision and assistance but can usually live outside institutions may be able to live alone or may need a more structured group home setting
community mental retardation facilities and community health center act
moved patients from institutional settings back into the community and developing resources to support them after they've been moved
detachment
moving back from the merged inner relationship to a position of separate identity
two organization currently working on the issue or credentialing
national organization for human services and council for standards in human service education
status dimension
non performance of achieved roles (base ball player,musician)
the value dimension
non performance of prescribed or granted roles (husband, female, child) is given a strongly negative value, proper performance is neutral
mild
often can live independently and work at unskilled jobs
prevention
often involves working with juvenile offenders to get them off the route of becoming adult offenders
2 basic assumptions underlie the ecological approach
organisms are independent with the environmet interaction patterns are dynamic,adaptive, and reciprocal
Linkage/Advocacy
outreach worker, broker, advocate, mobilizer
identification
paying attention to another and allowing oneself to become absorbed in contemplation of that person
Data Manager
performs all aspects of data handling, gathering, tabulating, analyzing, synthesizing, program evaluation, and planning
live a life of loss
physical stamina, health, friends, loved ones through death, and income
Adovate
pleads and fights for services, policies, rules, regulations, and laws for the client's benefit
agencies have a dual role
preventing child abuse and providing services to maintain families
primary process thinking
primitive, illogical, irrational, and fantasy oriented
social policy
principles, guidelines, and concepts that guide a society's actions towards it members , usually formalized as government laws, regulations, and rules
psychoanlysis
process of a gradual breaking down of the personality and a re building of it in changed patterns at the same time
client self centered threapy
process of disorganization and reorganization of the self primary goal is to assist the client in developing a more accurate conception of a much wider range of sensory experiences based on his or her own system of values rather than on a system of values borrowed from parents or other significant figures
the organic (intrapersonal)
proposes that a person's behavior, particularly deviant or abnormal behavior, is a function of physical causes, such as genetic makeup, brain chemistry, infection, toxins, or brain trauma (e.g., a tumor, a blow to the head)
Abraham Maslow
proposes that differences in normal and abnormal people are in differences in degree only and that normality relates to cultural adaptation
mental health centers
provide treatment by a basic mental health team for acute mental illness, care for incompletely recovered mental patients, either short of admission to a hospital or following discharged from the hospital . and to provide a head quarters base for mental health counselors
herican poor laws (england 1536)
provided for the punishment of beggers and vagabonds but offered civil relief for the worthy poor
care giver
provides services for people who need ongoing support of some kind
out reach worker
reaches out to detect people with problems, to refer them to appropriate services, and to follow them up to make sure they continue to their max rehabilitation
being
refers to the attitudes, values, and feelings a human service worker holds that color his or her actions
doing
refers to the observable skills or activities that enhance relationships
3 goals of imprisonment
rehabilitation-provided for the officer deterrence and punishment-provided for society
Education of the Handicapped Act 1975
requires services in public schools for children with special needs
Industrial Revolution
resulted in large concentrations of disadvantaged people in urban areas
social health generalist
roles includes a broader knowledge base of a variety of community resources, case management strategies, social policy, and political influence Concept implies a time when separate services subsystems no longer exist and individuals will be helped with all their problems through one comprehensive system based on solutions to problems, rather than many different and unrelated services
libido
sexual desire
Elizabeth Poor Law (england 1601)
social welfare would be seen as having a dual role. provision for charitable relief, and a means towards correcting behavior
Norms
standard of behavior that are maintained by individuals and groups
protective services
state governments fund programs that specialize in detection of problems and provision of services for children and families in which the emotional and physical well being of the child is at risk.
level two apprentice level
substantial formal training or experience , equivalent to associates of arts degree
level three journey man
substantial formal training or experience, functioning at the baccalaureate level
cultural societal conception of causality
suggests that maladaptive behaviors are an aspect of achieved or granted social or cultural roles
for young people 15 to 24 years old
suicide is the third leading cause of death
therapeutic enviornemtal control
teacher educator
family homeostasis
the activities of families operating as a unit in order to maintain a balance in relationships the functioning of persons in need is intimately tied to family relationships An Individual's problem behaviors are often an acting out of interactional problems in the family
Professionalism
the condition of having great skill or experience in a particular field or activity
phallic stage
the genital area becomes sensitized and the child and parents must deal with the Oedipus complex
human service intergration concept
the integration of traditional services into a coordinated network at the local, state, or federal level (sometimes called the umbrella agency concept)
reciprocal determinism
the interacting influences between personality and environmental factors
Discrimination
the learning of different responses to 2 or more similar but distinct stimuli because of the different consequences associated with each one
competence
the overall ability to function satisfactory in a given role or job
Id
the pleasure oriented source of psychic energy, totally unconscious o consist of the instincts, drives, and libido or sexual energy of the personality
de facto policy
the policy in practice
official policy
the policy that is espoused by the majority, the experts, and the rule makers
Generalization
the tendency, once a response has been conditioned, for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses
the role of settlement houses was two fold
to be help to the immediate family surrounding the house to change as much as possible, the social conditions that made living in a slum a wretched and demeaning existence
parole
to grant a prisoner an early release from prison, with certain restrictions
cultural competency
to work effectively with individuals and groups of varied cultures , human service workers must develop cross cultural sensitivity and a multi cultural perspective, as well become aware of the prejudices and stereotypes they may hold toward other cultural groups and begin to work towards correcting their biases
Intrapersonal
use of biological norms, comparison to an optimal psychological state ,assessment of personal discomfort
5 qualites the culturally competent worker must posses
value diversity, be able to culturally self asses, become conscious of the dynamics inherit when culture interact, instituonalize oppurtunites for building and developing cultural knowledge, adapt strategies that gurantee policies and programs that will be culturally enriching
extra therapeutic affect
what happens outside of therapy
expectancies
what outcomes people expect, in terms of both what their behaviors can achieve and what they expect to be a result of the events in their environment
genital stage
when a persons libido becomes channeled into love of others rather than love of self
consultant
works with other professions and agencies regarding their handling of problems, needs, and programs