Milady Chapter 8 Electricity
Chromophore
A color component within the skin such as blood or melanin. When the colored light reaches a specific depth in the skin, it triggers a reaction such as the stimulation of circulation or reducing the amount of bacteria.
Galvanic current
A constant and direct current [DC]; uses a positive and negative pole to produce the chemical reactions [desincrustation] and ionic reactions [iontophoresis].
Higher amp means
A greater number of electrons and a stronger current
Green light
A light emitting diode for use in clients with Hyperpigmentation or for detoxifying the skin.
Red light
A light emitting diode for use on clients in the stimulation of circulation and collagen and elastin production.
Yellow light
A light emitting diode which aids in reducing inflammation and swelling.
Fuse
A special device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.
Iontophoresis
AKA ionization; process of infusing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine or a micro-current device.
Light therapy
AKA phototherapy; the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of acne, wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.
Tesla high frequency current
AKA violet Ray; thermal or heat producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments.
Direct current
Abbreviated DC; constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means.
Intense pulse light
Abbreviated IPL; a medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths [broad spectrum] of focused light to treat spider veins, Hyperpigmentation, rosacea and redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles and pores, and excessive hair.
Kilowatt
Abbreviated K; 1,000 watts.
Ohm
Abbreviated O; unit that measures the resistance of an electric current.
Volt
Abbreviated V and AKA voltage; unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor.
Watt
Abbreviated W; measurement of how much electric energy is being used in 1 second.
Milliampere
Abbreviated mA; one-thousandth of an ampere.
Laser
Acronym for light amplification stimulation emission of radiation; a medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments.
Electromagnetic spectrum
Also known as electromagnetic spectrum of radiation; made up of all forms of energy whose spectrum ranges from the longest waves to the shortest.
Insulator
Also known as nonconductor; substance that does not easily transmit electricity.
Electrode
Also known as probe; applicator for directing the electric current from an electrotherapy device to the clients skin.
Microcurrent
An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses.
Effects of galvanic current -cathode (negative)
Anaphoresis Produces alkaline reactions Opens the pores Stimulates and irritates the nerves Increases blood supply Expands blood vessels Softens tissues
Conductor
Any substance, material, or medium that easily transmits electricity.
Rectifier
Apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current.
Converter
Apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.
Works by releasing light onto the skin to stimulate specific responses, at precise depths of the skin. The LED color of light seeks out a specific chromophore
How does the LED work?
Effects of microcurrent
Improves blood and lymph circulation Produces acidic and alkaline reactions opens and closes hair follicles/pores Increases muscle tone Restores elasticity Reduces redness and inflammation Minimizes healing time in acne lesions Improves barrier functions of the skin Increases metabolism
Current for facial and scalp treatments is measured
In milliamperes
Infrared light
Infrared light has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, and produces more heat than visible light; makes up 60% of natural sunlight.
Polarity
Negative or positive pole of an electric current.
Inactive electrode
Opposite pole from the active electrode.
microcurrent contraindications
Pacemakers, epilepsy, cancer, pregnancy, phlebitis, thrombosis, or under a doctor's care
Materials that are good insulators
Rubber, silk, wood, glass, and cement
Benefits of tesla high frequency
Stimulates blood circulation Increases elimination and absorption Increases metabolism Improves germicidal action Relieves congestion
Live connection
Supplies current to the circuit
Direct surface and indirect application
What are 2 methods of applying high-frequency current
Carbon, glass and metal
What are electrodes usually made out of?
Galvanic, Microcurrent, and tesla high-frequency
What are the primary modalities used in esthetics?
Any substance, material, or medium that easily conducts electricity
What is a conductor?
A constant, even-flowing current that travels on one direction only and is produced by chemical means
What is a direct current [DC] ?
To change direct current to alternating current
What is a function of converter?
To change alternating current to direct current
What is a function of rectifier?
One-thousandth of an ampere
What is a milliampere?
The unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor.
What is a volt [V]?
A rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction. Produce mechanical action.
What is alternating current [AC]?
The unit that measures the strength of an electric current.
What is an Amp (A) or ampere?
The flow of electricity along a conductor
What is an electric current?
A substance that does not easily transmit electricity
What is an insulator or nonconductor?
The movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy; form of energy that when in motion exhibits magnetic, chemical or thermal effects. A flow of electrons
What is electricity?
The electrode used on the area to treat
What is the active electrode?
The path of electric currents from the generating source through conductors and back to the generating source
What is the complete circuit?
It automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of an overload
What is the function of a circuit breaker?
The process of infusing an alkaline, negative, product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole.
What is the function of anaphoresis?
The process of forcing an acidic product into deeper tissue using galvanic positive electrode from the positive pole toward the negative pole; tightens and calms the skin
What is the function of cataphoresis?
Cathode usually black, marked with "N" or a -
What is the name for a negative electrode?
Anode usually red, marked with "P" or a +
What is the name for positive electrode?
Electricity travels at what speed
186,000 miles per second
Plug
2 or 3 prong connector at the end of an electrical cord that connects an apparatus to an electrical outlet
Alternating current changes directions:
60 times per second
Effects of galvanic current - anode (positive)
Cataphoresis Produces acidic reactions Closes the pores Soothes the nerves Decreases blood supply Contracts blood vessels Hardens and firms tissues
Ground connection
Completes the circuit and carries the current safely away to the ground
Materials that are good conductors
Copper, water, metals
Modalities
Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments.
Wavelengths
Distance between 2 successive peaks of electromagnetic waves.
Examples of direct currents
Flashlights, cellular phones, cordless hand-held devices (direct current produced by batteries)
Ultraviolet radiation [UV]
Invisible rays that have short wavelengths, are the least penetrating rays, produce chemical effects, and kill germs.
Invisible light
Light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye.
LED
Light emitting diode; a device used to reduce acne, increase skin circulation, and improve the collagen content in the skin.
Chroma
Means color
Lasers work by
Means of a solid that emits light when excited by a power source
Photothermopolysis
Process by which light from a laser is turned into heat.
Desincrustation
Process used to soften and emulsify sebum and blackheads in the follicles.
Cataphoresis
Produces acidic reactions, closes the pores, soothes the nerves, decreases blood supply, contracts blood vessels, hardens and firms tissue
Anaphoresis
Produces alkaline reaction, opens the pores, stimulates and irritates the nerves, increases blood supply, expands blood vessels, softens tissue
White light
Referred to as combination light because it is a combination of all visible rays of the spectrum.
Electric current
The flow of electricity along a conductor.
Current will not flow through a conductor unless
The force is stronger then the resistance
Grounding
The ground connection completes the circuit and carries the current safely away to the ground.
Electricity
The movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy; form of energy that, when in motion exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects; a flow of electrons.
Visible light
The primary source of light used in facia and scalp treatments.
Electrotherapy
The use of electrical devices to treat the skin and for therapeutic benefits.
Ultraviolet A
Ultraviolet A has the longest wavelength and penetrates directly into the dermis, damaging collagen and elastin
Ultraviolet B
Ultraviolet B is most associated with sunburns can also cause cancer
Plugs into the wall
Uses alternating current
Red LED light
good for increasing circulation and improving collagen and elastin
Blue LED light
good for reducing acne
Green LED light
good for reducing hyperpigmentation
Yellow LED light
good for reducing swelling and inflammation