Milady Chapter 8 Electricity

Chromophore

A color component within the skin such as blood or melanin. When the colored light reaches a specific depth in the skin, it triggers a reaction such as the stimulation of circulation or reducing the amount of bacteria.

Galvanic current

A constant and direct current [DC]; uses a positive and negative pole to produce the chemical reactions [desincrustation] and ionic reactions [iontophoresis].

Higher amp means

A greater number of electrons and a stronger current

Green light

A light emitting diode for use in clients with Hyperpigmentation or for detoxifying the skin.

Red light

A light emitting diode for use on clients in the stimulation of circulation and collagen and elastin production.

Yellow light

A light emitting diode which aids in reducing inflammation and swelling.

Fuse

A special device that prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit.

Iontophoresis

AKA ionization; process of infusing water soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine or a micro-current device.

Light therapy

AKA phototherapy; the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of acne, wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal.

Tesla high frequency current

AKA violet Ray; thermal or heat producing current with a high rate of oscillation or vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments.

Direct current

Abbreviated DC; constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means.

Intense pulse light

Abbreviated IPL; a medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths [broad spectrum] of focused light to treat spider veins, Hyperpigmentation, rosacea and redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles and pores, and excessive hair.

Kilowatt

Abbreviated K; 1,000 watts.

Ohm

Abbreviated O; unit that measures the resistance of an electric current.

Volt

Abbreviated V and AKA voltage; unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor.

Watt

Abbreviated W; measurement of how much electric energy is being used in 1 second.

Milliampere

Abbreviated mA; one-thousandth of an ampere.

Laser

Acronym for light amplification stimulation emission of radiation; a medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatments.

Electromagnetic spectrum

Also known as electromagnetic spectrum of radiation; made up of all forms of energy whose spectrum ranges from the longest waves to the shortest.

Insulator

Also known as nonconductor; substance that does not easily transmit electricity.

Electrode

Also known as probe; applicator for directing the electric current from an electrotherapy device to the clients skin.

Microcurrent

An extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses.

Effects of galvanic current -cathode (negative)

Anaphoresis Produces alkaline reactions Opens the pores Stimulates and irritates the nerves Increases blood supply Expands blood vessels Softens tissues

Conductor

Any substance, material, or medium that easily transmits electricity.

Rectifier

Apparatus that changes alternating current to direct current.

Converter

Apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current.

Works by releasing light onto the skin to stimulate specific responses, at precise depths of the skin. The LED color of light seeks out a specific chromophore

How does the LED work?

Effects of microcurrent

Improves blood and lymph circulation Produces acidic and alkaline reactions opens and closes hair follicles/pores Increases muscle tone Restores elasticity Reduces redness and inflammation Minimizes healing time in acne lesions Improves barrier functions of the skin Increases metabolism

Current for facial and scalp treatments is measured

In milliamperes

Infrared light

Infrared light has longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, and produces more heat than visible light; makes up 60% of natural sunlight.

Polarity

Negative or positive pole of an electric current.

Inactive electrode

Opposite pole from the active electrode.

microcurrent contraindications

Pacemakers, epilepsy, cancer, pregnancy, phlebitis, thrombosis, or under a doctor's care

Materials that are good insulators

Rubber, silk, wood, glass, and cement

Benefits of tesla high frequency

Stimulates blood circulation Increases elimination and absorption Increases metabolism Improves germicidal action Relieves congestion

Live connection

Supplies current to the circuit

Direct surface and indirect application

What are 2 methods of applying high-frequency current

Carbon, glass and metal

What are electrodes usually made out of?

Galvanic, Microcurrent, and tesla high-frequency

What are the primary modalities used in esthetics?

Any substance, material, or medium that easily conducts electricity

What is a conductor?

A constant, even-flowing current that travels on one direction only and is produced by chemical means

What is a direct current [DC] ?

To change direct current to alternating current

What is a function of converter?

To change alternating current to direct current

What is a function of rectifier?

One-thousandth of an ampere

What is a milliampere?

The unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes the flow of electrons forward through a conductor.

What is a volt [V]?

A rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction. Produce mechanical action.

What is alternating current [AC]?

The unit that measures the strength of an electric current.

What is an Amp (A) or ampere?

The flow of electricity along a conductor

What is an electric current?

A substance that does not easily transmit electricity

What is an insulator or nonconductor?

The movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy; form of energy that when in motion exhibits magnetic, chemical or thermal effects. A flow of electrons

What is electricity?

The electrode used on the area to treat

What is the active electrode?

The path of electric currents from the generating source through conductors and back to the generating source

What is the complete circuit?

It automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication of an overload

What is the function of a circuit breaker?

The process of infusing an alkaline, negative, product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole.

What is the function of anaphoresis?

The process of forcing an acidic product into deeper tissue using galvanic positive electrode from the positive pole toward the negative pole; tightens and calms the skin

What is the function of cataphoresis?

Cathode usually black, marked with "N" or a -

What is the name for a negative electrode?

Anode usually red, marked with "P" or a +

What is the name for positive electrode?

Electricity travels at what speed

186,000 miles per second

Plug

2 or 3 prong connector at the end of an electrical cord that connects an apparatus to an electrical outlet

Alternating current changes directions:

60 times per second

Effects of galvanic current - anode (positive)

Cataphoresis Produces acidic reactions Closes the pores Soothes the nerves Decreases blood supply Contracts blood vessels Hardens and firms tissues

Ground connection

Completes the circuit and carries the current safely away to the ground

Materials that are good conductors

Copper, water, metals

Modalities

Currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments.

Wavelengths

Distance between 2 successive peaks of electromagnetic waves.

Examples of direct currents

Flashlights, cellular phones, cordless hand-held devices (direct current produced by batteries)

Ultraviolet radiation [UV]

Invisible rays that have short wavelengths, are the least penetrating rays, produce chemical effects, and kill germs.

Invisible light

Light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye.

LED

Light emitting diode; a device used to reduce acne, increase skin circulation, and improve the collagen content in the skin.

Chroma

Means color

Lasers work by

Means of a solid that emits light when excited by a power source

Photothermopolysis

Process by which light from a laser is turned into heat.

Desincrustation

Process used to soften and emulsify sebum and blackheads in the follicles.

Cataphoresis

Produces acidic reactions, closes the pores, soothes the nerves, decreases blood supply, contracts blood vessels, hardens and firms tissue

Anaphoresis

Produces alkaline reaction, opens the pores, stimulates and irritates the nerves, increases blood supply, expands blood vessels, softens tissue

White light

Referred to as combination light because it is a combination of all visible rays of the spectrum.

Electric current

The flow of electricity along a conductor.

Current will not flow through a conductor unless

The force is stronger then the resistance

Grounding

The ground connection completes the circuit and carries the current safely away to the ground.

Electricity

The movement of particles around an atom that creates pure energy; form of energy that, when in motion exhibits magnetic, chemical, or thermal effects; a flow of electrons.

Visible light

The primary source of light used in facia and scalp treatments.

Electrotherapy

The use of electrical devices to treat the skin and for therapeutic benefits.

Ultraviolet A

Ultraviolet A has the longest wavelength and penetrates directly into the dermis, damaging collagen and elastin

Ultraviolet B

Ultraviolet B is most associated with sunburns can also cause cancer

Plugs into the wall

Uses alternating current

Red LED light

good for increasing circulation and improving collagen and elastin

Blue LED light

good for reducing acne

Green LED light

good for reducing hyperpigmentation

Yellow LED light

good for reducing swelling and inflammation