Minerals, Pure Substances, and Mixtures

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molecule

The smallest unit of a compound. 2 or more atoms of the same kind or different kinds are bonded together.

mixture

a combination of two or more substances that are combined physically but not chemically.

mineral

a naturally occurring, usually inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure and chemical composition.

crystal

a solid geometric form that results from a repeating pattern of atoms or molecules.

pure substance

a substance that has definite physical and chemical properties.

mixture

a variety of elements and compounds that are not chemically combined with each other.

formation of minerals

as magma and lava cools, by metamorphism, and from solutions.

mixture

can be separated by physical properties.

O is an example

element

gold is an example

element

pure substance

examples are elements, compounds, and molecules.

compound

made up of different kinds of atoms chemically combined. Has different properties from the elements that make them up.

element

made up of one or more of the same kind of atom chemically combined.

H2 is an example

molecule

Si2 is an example

molecule

C02 is an example

molecule and compound

H2O is an example

molecule and compound

silicate

must contain silicon, Si, and oxygen, O

pure substance

must undergo a chemical change to break the bonds.

special properties of minerals

reaction to acid, magnetism, taste, smell

classification of minerals

silicates and nonsilicates

streak

the color of the powdered form of a mineral.

atom

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the elements' properties.

cleavage

the tendency of a mineral to split along specific planes of weakness to form smooth, flat surfaces.

luster

the way a surface reflects light.

fracture

to break unevenly.


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