MIS 180 CHAPTER 5

Sustainable or green MIS

describes the production management use and disposal of technology in a way that minimizes damage to the environment Critical part to corporate social responsibility- companies acknowledged responsibility to society clean computing- subset of sustainable MIS refers to environmentally responsible use, manufacture and disposal of technology products and computer equipment (focuses on waste) Green PC : built using environmentally friendly materials and designed to save energy

Data as a Service (DaaS)

facilitates the accessibility of business critical data in a timely secure and affordable manner

Data Center

facility used to house management information systems and associated components such as telecommunications and storage systems Consume power and require cooling and floor space Reduce energy consumptions, stores greater amounts of information in less space, resources are inexpensive, clean and available

EWaste

refers to discarded, obsolete or broken electronic devices One human year is equivalent to seven years of technological advancement Personal computers have life expectancy of 3-5 years and a cell phone less than 2 years Upcycle: reuses or refurbishes waste to make new product Can occur when unused equipment stored in attics basements and storage never reaches recycling center - retrieving the silver gold and other valuable metal from devices is more efficient and less enviornmentally harmful than removing it from its natural enviornment less than 20% of ewast in recycled in the U.s.

Moore's law

refers to the computer chip performance per dollar doubles every 18months Allows business to acquire large amounts of MIS equipment for cheaper and cheaper costs - concern about constantly updating and effect of fossil fuels lead to the sustainable MIS Made technological devices smaller, cheaper, and faster allowing more people from all income levels to purchase computing equipment

Hot site

separate and fully equipped facility where the company can move immediately after a disaster and resume business

Information MIS Infrastrucure

(Supporting Operations) Identifies where and how important information such as customer records in maintained and secured Includes backup, recovery, disaster recovery, business continuity planning

Sustainable MIS Infrastructure

(Supporting the Environment) Identifies ways that a company can grow in terms of computing resources while sumultaneously becoming less dependent on hard ware and energy consimption Includes: grid computing, cloud computing, virtualization

Agile MIS Infrastructure

(Supports Change) includes the hardware, software, and telecommunications equipment that, when combined, provides the underlying foundation to support the organziation's goals Includes : Accessibility, availability, maintainability, portability, reliability, reliability, scalability, usability

Cloud Computing

A model for enabling ubiquitous convenient on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly porvisioned and released with minimal management or service interaction Offers new ways to store access process and analyze information from any location with internet Makes it easier to gain access to the computing power that was once reversed for large corporations Small to medium-size companies no longer have to make big capital investments to access the same powerful systems that large companies run Even if your machine crashes is lost or stolen the information is always safe and available

System Virtualization

Ability to present the resources of a single computer as if it is a collection of separate computers each with its own virtual CPUs network interfaces storages and operating systems

Reliability

Accuracy- ensures a system is functioning correctly and providing accurate information Inaccuarcy occurs from incorrect entry of info during transmissions such as Wikipedia Ensure vulnerabilities are kept at a minimum to reduce risk

Disaster Can

Disasters can Disrupt communication - outages Damage physical Infrastructures -fire and flood Halting Transportation - floods hurricanes Blocking Utilities - Electricity, water, gas

Disaster Recovery Cost Curve

Charts 1. The cost to the company of the unavailability of information and technology (upward slopping line) 2. cost to the company recovering from a disaster over time (downward slopping line) Best recovery plan in terms of cost and time is where they intersect

Increased Carbon Emissions

Coal provides 50 percent of electrical power single desktop computer can consume at least 100 watts of power per hour 24hrs a day for a year =714 points of coal = 5 pound s of coal

Storage Virtualization

Combines multiple network storage devices so they appear to be a single storage device

Network Virtualization

Combines networks by splitting the available bandwidth into independent channels that can be assigned in real time to a specific device

Server Virtualization

Combines physical resources such as servers, processor, and operating systems from the applications (MOST COMMON) assume its server

MIS Assets : Server

Computer dedicated to providing information in response to request (access to a website)

Virtualization

Creates multiple virtual machines on a single computing device EXAMPLE ANALOGY: printer can be a fax machine, answering machine, and printer reduces costs and power requirements and ewaste essential for of consolidation increases availability of applications that can give a higher level of performance depending on the hardware increases energy efficiency by requiring less hardwardwarre to run multiple systems Increasing hardware usability by running multiple operating systems on a singe computer EXAMPLE: Mc computers can run apple operating systems and window pc operating through virtualization Easiest, quickest ways to achieve sustainable MIS because it reduces power consumption and requires less equipment that needs to be manufactured and disposed of Primary use of virtualization if ffor performing backup, recovery and disaster recover

Software as a Service (SaaS)

Delivers Applications over the cloud using Pay-per-use revenue model Before this companies often spent huge amounts of money implementing and customizing specialized applications to satisfy their business requirements Offers a number of advantages : cost savings, scalability, flexibility EXAMPLE: Salesforce.com

Smart Grids

Delivers electricity using two-way digital technology Solves the problem of the world outdated electrical grid making it more efficient and reliable by adding the ability to remotely monitor analyze and control the transmission of power Provide users with real-time usage monitoring allowing them to choose off-peak time for noncritical or less urgent applications and processes Boulder Colorado uses large scale smart-grids

Disaster Recovery Plan

Detailed process for recovering information or a system in the event of disaster Includes factors such as which files and systems need to have backups and their corresponding frequency and methods along with the strategic location the storage in separate physical site that is geographically dispersed

Business Continuity Plan (BCP)

Details how a company recovers and restores critical business operation and systems after a disaster or extend disruption Includes factors such as identifying critical systems, business processes, departments, and the maximum amount of time time the business can continue to operate without functioning systems Includes recovery plans, proritiziating business impact analysis, emergency notification plans, and technology recovery strategies

Increased Energy consumption

Energy consumed by a computer is estimated to producers much as 10% of the amount of Co2 produced by an automobile Computer servers in the U.S. account for 1% of total energy needs of the country

Scalability

How well a system can scale up, or adapt to the increased demands of growth Performances key Web 2.0 drives for bigger capacity to ensure agile infrastructures

Business Impact Analysis

Identifies all critical business functions and the effect that a specific disaster may have upon them Primarily used to ensure a company has made the right decisions about the order of recovery priorities and strategies Who should have system running first accounting or sales and marketing?

Single-tenancy

In the cloud means each customer or tenant must purchase and maintain an individual system Service provider would have to updates its system in every company where the software was running

Multi-tenancy

In the cloud means that a single instance of a system serves multiple customers Helps reduce operational costs associated with implementing large systems as the costs are dispersed across many tenants in single tenancy The service provider only has one place to updates its system

MIS Infrastructure

Includes the plans for how a firm will build, deploy, use and share its fata, processes and assets Supports volume and complexity of apps protects systems from crash and failure reduces costs - improve productivity, poptimizr business operations, generate growth increases profitability Dynamic continually changes

Usability

Is the degree to which a system is easy to learn and effienct and satisfying to use - providing hints, tips, shortcuts and instructions Ipod- easy to use Servicability - is how quickly a third party can change a system to ensure it meets user needs and the terms of any contracts including agreed level of reliability maintainability or availability

Heroku

Leading cloud platform for building and deploying social and mobile customer apps Built on open standards Supports multiple open frameworks, languages and databases

Moore's Law Consequences

Made technological devices smaller, cheaper, and faster allowing more people from all income levels to purchase computing equipment CAUSING Increased electronic waste, increased energy consumption, increased carbon emissions

Hybrid Cloud

Mix of private, public or community EXAMPLE: Private cloud of the company and a public cloud for customers, suppliers, and partners Each cloud remains separate and is only linked by technology that enables data and application portability Cloud Bursting: when a company uses its own computing infrastructure for normal usage and access the cloud when it needs to scale for peak load requirements ensuring a sudden spike in usage does not result in poor performance or crashes

Public Cloud

Multi-tenancy Off-premise several orgs Promotes massive global and industrywide applications offered to the general public Customers are never required to provision, manage, upgrade or replace hardware or software Pay only for the resources used Used by service providers to offer free or paid services to the general public EXAMPLE: Amazon web services, Windows Azure, Google Cloud Connect

Community Cloud

Multi-tenancy Off premise several orgs Serves a specific community with common business models, security requirements, and compliance considerations In highly regulated industries such as financial services and pharmaceutical EXAMPLE: private hospitals, all Colorado State government orgs

Benefits of Cloud Computing

ON- demand self-service: users can increase storage and processing power as needed Broad Network Access: all devices can access data and applications Multi-tenancy: customers share pooled computing resources Rapid elasticity: storage, network, bandwidth, and computing capacity can be increased or decreased immeidatly allowing for optimal scalability Measured Service: Clients can monitor and measure transactions and use of resources

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Offers computer hardware and networking equipment based on pay-peruse basis EXAMPLE: Amazon, EC2 Customer rents the hardware and provides its own applications or programs Customers save money by not having to spend large amount of capital purchasing expensive servers Cost-effective solutions for companies that need their computing resources to grow and shrink as business demand changes - dynamic scaling

Utility Computing

Offers pay-peruse revenue model similar to a metered service such as gas or electricity Many cloud computing service providers use utility computing cloud infrastructure

Web Accessibility

People with disabilities can use the web Web Accessibility Initiative(WAI): bring together people from the industry, disability orgs, government, and research labs from around the world to develop guidelines and resources to help make the web more accessible to people with disabilities EXAMPLE: iPhone uses voiceover for blind

MIS Assets : HARDWARE

Physical devices associated with a computer system

Moving from the could is a shift from _______________ world to a _____________ world.

Physical; logical

Porability

Refers to the ability of an application to operate on different devices or software platforms such as different operating systems EXAMPLE: Apple's iTunes can be downloaded to pc, smartphones

Sustainable MIS Disposal

Refers to the safe disposal of MIS assets at the end of their lifecycle ensures waste does not end up in landfills causing environmental issues Single computer contain more than 700 chemical - if it ends up in landfill the toxic substances can leach into our land recycling costs from $15-50 for a computer many companies including public schools can't afford this

Availability

Refers to the time frames when the system is operational Unavailable when system is not operating and cannot be used High Availability occurs when a system is continuously operational at all time Five 9s (99.999) availability a widely held but difficult to achieve standard of availability

Accessibility

Refers to the varying levels that define what a user can access view or perform when operating a system Administrator Access: top level MIS employees - reset passwords, delete account, shutting down systems

Warm Site

Separate facility with computer equipment that requires installation and configuration

Cold Site

Seperae facility that does not have any computer equipment but is a place where employees can move after disaster

MIS Assets : Software

Set of instructions the hardware executes to carry out specific tasks

Private Cloud

Single Tenancy On Premise One Organization EXAMPLE: bank, government, corporation Optimal solution for an organization such as the government that has high data security concerns More expensive

Cloud Fabric

Software that makes possible the benefits of cloud computing Primary reason cloud computing promotes all the seven abilities allowing a business to make its and application accessible available maintainable portable reliable scrabble and usable

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

Support the deployment of entire systems, including hardware networking and applications, using a pay per use revenue model Perfect solution for a business because it passes on to the service provider the headache and cha;;edges of buying managing and maintain web development software Everyaspect is in the cloud Minimizes operational costs and increases productivity Increased security Access to info anytime anywhere easy collaboration with partners increased speed to market with less cost EXAMPLE: Google's Application Engine

Maintainability

The system quickly transforms to support environmental changes measures how quickly and effectively a system can be changed or repaired after failure EXAMPLE: start small business you might not consider you will have global customers - which handle different currencies and languages- when first international order arrives the system is unable to handle request Building and deploying flexible systems allow easy updates for unexpected environmental changes

Fault tolerance

ability for a system to respond to unexpected failures or system crashes as the backup system immediately and auyomsyivsll yskrd over with no loss of serve enables business to support continuous business operations if there is a power failure or flood expensive for of back up and only mission-critical applications and operations use to Failover- occurs when a redundant storage server offers and exact replica of the real-time fata and if the primary server crashes, the users are automatically directed to the secondary server or back up server- High speed and high cost Failback: occurs when primary machine recovers and resumes operations taking over secondary server DVD or thumb drives are low cost and low speed back up method

Grid Computing

collection of computers often geographically dispersed that are coordinated to solve a common problem A problem is broken into pieces and distributed to many machines allowing faster processing than could occur with a singles system Takes advantage of unused processing power of computers by linking thousands of individual computers around the world to create a virtual super computer that can process intensive tasks allows greater scalability as systems can easily grow to handle peaks and valleys in demand become more cost efficient and solve problem that would be impossible with a single computer Used in creating animated movies

MIS Assets : Client

computer designed to request information from a server (uses web browser)

Most effective way to limit power consumption and cooling requirements of a data center

consolidate parts parts of the physical infrastructure by reducing the number of physical servers through virtualization EXAMPLE: Google, microsoft, amazon and yahoo! have all created data centers along columbia river and use water for cooling and inexpensive electricity