MIS ch 5

The operating system is used to manage the software applications used in business activities. True or False

False They tell computers what to do, when to do it, and how

The development of TCP/IP occurred during the ________ era. - cloud and mobile computing - general-purpose mainframe and minicomputer - client/server era - personal computer - mainframe

Mainframe Era Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP): networking standard to tie networks and applications together enterprise-wide. It can link different types of computers, mainframes, servers, PCs, and mobile devices.

Exponential growth in the number of transistors and the power of processors is expected to decrease in the foreseeable future.

True Microprocessor chips using transistors have helped increase computing power exponentially. However, nanotechnology is the promise of the future. This new technology is being developed because of the limitations of the older technology

Place the following eras of IT infrastructure evolution in order, from earliest to most recent: 1. Cloud Computing Era; 2. Client/Server; 3. Enterprise Era; 4. Personal Computer; and 5. Mainframe and Minicomputer.

5 4 2 3 1

Which of the following is not an example of the mobile digital platform? Tablets Kindle Cell phones CRM Smartwatches

CRM Customer Relationship Management

Mobile computing is the fastest growing form of computing. True or False

False Cloud Computing is the fastest growing form of computing.

Software produced by a community of several hundred thousand programmers around the world. Is free and can be modified by users.

Open source software Linux (most popular OSS) and open source software

A web server is responsible for locating and managing stored webpages. True or False

True They provide web pages to users.

Which of the following is a multitasking, multiuser, operating system developed by Bell Laboratories that operates on a wide variety of computing platforms? Unix Linux OS X COBOL DOS

Unix

Windows Operating System - was an early PC operating system. - is used on virtually all tablet and mobile devices today. - is a data management application used on PCs. - is an operating system used on most Wintel PCs throughout the world. - is a web-based operating system for the Internet era.

is an operating system used on most Wintel PCs throughout the world. Wintel PC computer: Microsoft windows operating system software on a computer with an intel microprocessor.

Today's computer transistors are roughly equivalent in size to: - the width of a fingernail. - a human hair. - a virus. - several atoms. - a grain of sand.

- a virus Transistor: a small electronic part that controls the flow of electricity. Today only 14 nano meters in size, size of a virus (400 nanometers).

Interpretations of Moore's law assert that: - computing power will eventually level off. - transistors decrease in size 50% every two years. - data storage costs decrease by 50% every 18 months. - PCs decrease in market share by 9% every 5 years. - computing power doubles every 18 months.

Computing power doubles every 18 months Moore's Law: Since the first microprocessor chip was introduced in 1959, the number of components on a chip with the smallest manufacturing costs per component has doubled every 2 years. 3 Variations of Moore's Law: 1. The power of microprocessors doubles every 18 months 2. Computing power doubles every 18 months 3. The price of computing falls by half every 18 month

IT infrastructure consists of only those physical computing devices and software required to operate the enterprise. True or False

False It includes physical computing devices, as well as services to provide value to those devices. IT Infrastructure service components: Computing services Telecommunications services Data management services Application software services Physical facilities management services IT management services IT standards services IT education services IT research and development services

Microsoft is no longer the market leader in client/server networking. True or False

False Leading operating systems for corporate servers (client/server): Microsoft Windows, Unix, and Linux

In N-tier computing, significant parts of website content, logic, and processing are performed by a single web server. True or False

False Multi-tiered client/server architectures (N tier client/server): most corporation have this. In which the work of the entire network is balanced over several different levels of servers, depending on the kind of service being requested

Briefly explain why corporations are increasingly interested in using Unix or Linux for their operating systems.

Linux is an inexpensive and robust open-source relative of Unix. Unix and Linux constitute the backbone of corporate infrastructure throughout much of the world because they are scalable, reliable, and much less expensive than mainframe operating systems. They can also run on many different types of processors. The major providers of Unix operating systems are IBM, HP, and Sun with slightly different and partially incompatible versions. Although Windows continues to dominate the client marketplace, many corporations have begun to explore Linux as a low-cost desktop operating system provided by commercial vendors such as RedHat Linux and Linux-based desktop productivity suites such as Sun's StarOffice. Linux is also available in free versions downloadable from the Internet as open-source software. The rise of open-source software, particularly Linux and the applications it supports at the client and server level, has profound implications for corporate software platforms: cost reduction, reliability and resilience, and integration, because Linux works on all the major hardware platforms from mainframes to servers to clients. Linux has the potential to break Microsoft's monopoly on the desktop. Sun's StarOffice has an inexpensive Linux-based version that competes with Microsoft's Office productivity suite

Have mainframes disappeared? (short answer)

Mainframes have not disappeared. They continue to be used to reliably and securely handle huge volumes of transactions, for analyzing very large quantities of data, and for handling large workloads in cloud computing centers. The mainframe is still the digital workhorse for banking and telecommunications networks that are often running software programs that are older and require a specific hardware platform. Currently, mainframes process 30 billion business transactions per day, and 80 percent of the world's corporate data also originates on the mainframe. To get rid of mainframes and legacy software would be too costly for firms, therefore enterprise systems are employed to join new software and old together for interoperability.

List and describe four services that comprise IT infrastructure, beyond physical devices and software applications. (short answer)

Telecommunications services that provide data, voice, and video connectivity. Data management services to store, manage, and analyze data. Application software services that provide enterprise-wide capabilities. Physical facilities management services, to develop and manage physical installations of technology. IT standards services that establish and monitor the firm's policies. IT education services that provide training in use of the systems. IT research and development services that research potential projects, products, and investments.

In financial services firms, investments in IT infrastructure represent more than half of all capital invested. True or False

True

Client/server computing is a primary example of decentralized processing. True or False

True Client/service computing: Desktop or Laptop computers called clients are networked to powerful server computers that provide the client computers with a variety of services and capabilities. Client is the user point of entry. The server processes and stores shared data, serves up web pages, or manages network activities. It is not centralized computing, like original mainframes were. It is customizable.

Enterprise infrastructure requires software that can link disparate applications and enable data to flow freely among different parts of the business. True or False

True Integrating applications into seamless processes across the organization is the goal of enterprise software applications. Customer relationship management and supply chain management systems are the two most popular applications in this category

Web hosting services maintain a series of servers and provide fee-paying subscribers with space to maintain their websites True or False

True Web hosting service: maintains a large web server, or series of servers, and provides fee-paying subscribers with space to maintain their websites.

An application server may reside on the same computer as a web server or on its own dedicated computer. True or False

True Web-server: serves a web page to a client in response to a request for service. Responsible for locating and managing stored web pages. Application server: software handles all application operations between a user and an organization back-end business systems. Corporate system is passed along this server.

All of the following are current hardware platform trends except: green computing. virtualization. cloud computing. Unix. quantum computing.

Unix Unix is an operating system 8 Hardware Trends: Mobil digital platform Consumerization of IT and BYOD(evice) Quantum computing Virtualization Cloud computing Edge computing Green computing High-Performance/power-saving processors

The introduction of the minicomputer: - allowed computers to be customized to the specific needs of departments or business units. - strengthened centralized computing. - offered new, powerful machines at higher prices than mainframes. - represented the rise of Microsoft. - was dominated by IBM.

allowed computers to be customized to the specific needs of departments or business units. Minicomputers helped usher in the concept of decentralized computing, whereas mainframes began with highly centralized

Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): - is one type of cloud computing service where users pay only for the computing capacity they actually use. - is a cloud-based service which provides software applications to users on demand. - is a cloud-based service that provides a platform for software development. - provides users with a service-oriented architecture for their systems. - provides cloud users with ubiquitous networking environment.

is one type of cloud computing service where users pay only for the computing capacity they actually use. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS): use processing, storage, networking from cloud services to run their information systems.

Which of the following types of computing involves purchasing computing power from a remote provider and paying only for the computing power used? On-demand Grid Edge Autonomic Quantum

on demand Cloud computing is defined by five characteristics: On-demand self-service: Users can access computing capabilities whenever and wherever they are. Ubiquitous network access: No special devices are necessary for accessing data or services. Location independent resource pooling: Users don't need to be concerned about where the data are stored. Rapid elasticity: Computing resources expand and contract as necessary to serve users. Measured service: Users pay only for the computing capabilities actually used.

At what percent of capacity do most servers operate? 100% 80-90% Approximately 70 percent 40-50% 15-20%

15-20%

Which of the following is the most popular mobile operating system? - Linux - Android - Chrome OS - iOS - Unix

Android

A(n) ________ is used to communicate between a user and an organization's back-end systems. - public server - private server - legacy server - application server - blade server

Application Server That software handles all application operations between a user and an organization back-end business systems. Corporate system is passed along this server.

Which of the following is a leading networking hardware provider? - Dell - Intel - Seagate - IBM - Cisco

Cisco Cisco is a networking and telecommunications ecosystem. IBM is computer hardware others not mentioned

It is much harder to eliminate a cloud service than to remove functionality from a company's core internal systems. True or False

False

Which type of infrastructure service stores and manages corporate data and provides capabilities for analyzing the data? - Networking - Telephone - VOIP - Telecommunications - Data management

Data management Data management services: Not just store, but manage massive amounts of corporate data and make it available for users to analyze

Which of the following is the network standard for connecting desktop computers into local area networks that enabled the widespread adoption of client/server computing and local area networks and further stimulated the adoption of personal computers? TCP/IP COBOL Ethernet ASCII Linux

Ethernet Ethernet network standards enabled PCs to connect together in small local area networks (LANS) and TCP/IP standard enabled these LANs to be connected into firmwide networks and ultimately to the internet.

________ states that the value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network members. - Metcalfe's Law - Moore's Law - Law of scalability - Law of outsourcing - Law of networks

Metcalfe's Law and Network Economics The value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network members. There are increasing returns to scale that network members receive as more and more people join the network.

________ uses individual atoms and molecules to create computer chips and other devices. - Virtualization - Nanotechnology - Quantum computing - A minicomputer - On-demand computing

Nanotechnology used to shrink the size of transistors down to the width of several atoms.

Which of the following is not an IT infrastructure service component? - Operating system software - Computing platforms to provide a coherent digital environment - Physical facilities management to manage the facilities housing physical components - IT management services to plan and develop the infrastructure and provide project management - IT education services that provide training to employees

Operating System Software IT Infrastructure service components: Computing services Telecommunications services Data management services Application software services Physical facilities management services IT management services IT standards services IT education services IT research and development services

The ability to be in multiple states at once, dramatically increasing processing power, is a hallmark of: colocation. edge computing. grid computing. utility computing. quantum computing.

Quantum Computing A quantum computer has enormous processing power through the ability to be in many different states at once, allowing it to perform multiple operations simultaneously. That allows scientific and business problems to be solved millions of times faster than regular computers can solve them.

Which of the following is not an example of a wearable computing device? Smartwatch Smart glasses Smartphones Activity trackers Smart ID badges

Smartphones

Explain why standards are so important in information technology. What standards have been important for the growth of Internet technologies? (short answer)

Standards and network effects: Nothing has helped grow the Internet more than having technology standards in place allowing suppliers to create and build products that work seamlessly with each other. Users have come to rely on the interoperability of products.

Specifications that establish the compatibility of products and the ability to communicate in a network are called: - network standards. - telecommunications standards. - technology standards. - Internet standards. - compatibility standards.

Technology Standards technology standards in place allowing suppliers to create and build products that work seamlessly with each other. Users rely on the interoperability of products.

All of the following are typically factors in a firm's decision to engage consulting and system integration services except: - the firm does not have the staff necessary to deploy and maintain the firm's IT infrastructure. - the firm's staff do not have the skills necessary to deploy and maintain the firm's IT infrastructure. - The firm does not have the budget to deploy and maintain a firm's IT infrastructure. - The firm's staff does not have the necessary experience to deploy and maintain the firm's IT infrastructure. - The firm's staff knows more about the firm's IT infrastructure than service providers.

The firm's staff knows more about the firm's IT infrastructure than service providers.

Which of the following is an example of a legacy system? - Transaction processing system running on a mainframe - Scalable grid computing system - Web services running on a cloud computing platform - MDM software - Quantum computing system

Transaction processing system running on a mainframe They are older transaction processing systems created for mainframe computers that continue to be used to avoid the high cost of replacing or designing them.

A client computer networked to a server computer, with processing split between the two types of machines, is called a(n): - service-oriented architecture. - on-demand architecture. - multi-tiered client/server architecture. - two-tiered client/server architecture. - divided architecture.

Two-tiered client/server architecture. Client/service computing: Desktop or Laptop computers called clients are networked to powerful server computers that provide the client computers with a variety of services and capabilities. Client is the user point of entry. The server processes and stores shared data, serves up web pages, or manages network activities.

Which of the following is not a part of the IT infrastructure ecosystem found in firms? - Consultant and system integrators - Internet platforms - Operating system platforms - Enterprise software applications - Virtual reality systems

Virtual reality systems The IT Infrastructure Ecosystem includes: Internet Platforms, computer hardware platforms, operating system platforms, enterprise software applications, network/telecommunications, consultants and system integrators, data management and storage.

Which of the following enables a single physical resource (such as a server or a storage device) to appear to the user as multiple logical resources? Cloud computing Autonomic computing Virtualization Multicore processing Ubiquitous computing

Virtualization Virtualization is a hardware trend. It's the process of running multiple operating systems and application programs on one machine and increasing the overall utilization rates of the device. Instead of having ten servers running ten different applications, virtualization consolidates the programs onto one or two servers.

Which of the following is a recent addition to the mobile digital platform? Quantum computing devices Wearable computing devices Cloud computing devices Grid computing devices Green computing devices

Wearable computing devices

Which of the following factors does not help explain why computing resources today are even more available than in previous decades? - Network economics - Law of mass digital storage - Moore's law - Declining communications costs and the Internet - Widespread rejection of technology standards

Widespread rejection of technology standards

Which of the following became the standard PC in the Personal Computer Era? - Wintel PC - DOS PC - MITS PC - Altair - Apple II

Wintel PC

The marketplace for computer hardware: - has become increasingly concentrated in top firms. - has expanded to include a wide variety of start-up and mobile-computing firms. - has moved significantly to Asian firms. - has been decimated by mobile and cloud computing. - has begun moving away from blade server

has become increasingly concentrated in top firms.

In a multi-tiered network: -the work of the entire network is centralized. - the work of the entire network is balanced over several levels of servers. - processing is split between clients and servers. - processing is handled by multiple, geographically-remote clients. - processing is located in the cloud.

the work of the entire network is balanced over several levels of servers. AKA N tier client/server. Most corporation have this. In which the work of the entire network is balanced over several different levels of servers, depending on the kind of service being requested Client/service computing: Desktop or Laptop computers called clients are networked to powerful server computers that provide the client computers with a variety of services and capabilities. Client is the user point of entry. The server processes and stores shared data, serves up web pages, or manages network activities.