MIS Chapter 6, MIS 330 Ch 6 Review, MIS 314 - Chapter 2 - Data Models, MIS- data modeling, Systems Analysis and Design Chapter 6 Practice Quiz, Systems Analysis & Design: Data Modeling (Ch 6), Systems Analysis and Design Chapter 6, Chapter 6 - System...
o One instance in an entity refers to one and only one instance in the related entity
(1:1)
o One instance in an entity refers to one or more instances in the related entity
(1:N)
o One or more instances in an entity refer to one or more instances in the related entity
(M:N)
16. Jack is developing an ERD for a small dental practice office patient record system. The dental practice has three dentists, six hygienists, and many patients. A patient is always assigned to the same dentist for all appointments. In particular, he is working on the relationship between dentists and patients. Should it be: a) 1 to 1, with a modality of null b) 1 to many with a modality of not null c) Many to many with a modality of null d) Many to many with a modality of not null e) 1 to many with a modality of null
1 to many with a modality of not null
2. A data model can __________: a) Illustrate return-on-investment, break-even point, and economic feasibility b) Represent actions or processes that occur in the to-be system c) Be used as a logical data model in analysis and as a physical data model in design d) Only be used in BPR situations e) Only be used with JAD sessions
Be used as a logical data model in analysis and as a physical data model in design
Using the ERD to Show Business Rules
Business rules are constraints that are followed when the system is in operation. ERD symbols can show when one instance of an entity must exist for an instance of another to exist ERD symbols can show when one instance of an entity can be related to only one or to many instances of another entity ERD symbols show when the existence of an entity instance is optional for a related entity instance
38. Balance occurs between DFDs and ERDs when the data stores _____ a) Are uniquely named b) Have only one input and one output flow c) Are named the same as the relationships on the ERD d) Can be compared to ERD data flows and attributes on the ERD are included in data stores on the DFD e) Can be equated to entities on the ERD and when entities are referred to by data stores on the DFD
Can be equated to entities on the ERD and when entities are referred to by data stores on the DFD
11. Which would likely be an entity on a car insurance ERD? a) date b) Gender c) company d) fire district e) Car
Car
9. Which would NOT likely be an attribute of an entity called "Student"? a) Age b) Student identification number c) Class room number d) Home phone e) Gender
Class room number
21. In creating ERD's, which would most likely NOT be a source for entities? a) Use cases b) Level 0 DFD diagrams c) External entities d) Data flows e) Cost / benefit reports
Cost/benefit reports
5. On an ERD _________________: a) Processes are listed alphabetically with relationship connections drawn between processes b) Data elements are listed alphabetically with a cross listing to the processes that manipulate them c) Data elements are described as singular (1:1); plurals (1:N); or didactic (M:N) d) Data elements are grouped in a hierarchical structure that is uniquely identified by number e) Data elements are listed together and place inside boxes called entities.
Data elements are listed together and place inside boxes called entities
Why Is Data Modeling Crucial?
Data is a resource to be shared by as many processes as possible. Data organization must be flexible and adaptable to unanticipated business requirements - and that is the purpose of data modeling
ERD Building Tips
Data stores of the DFD generally correspond to entities Only include entities with more than one instance Don't include entities associated with implementation of the system (e.g., archive files of older data). They will be added later
Other Data Modeling Issues...
Data structures and properties are reasonably permanent - more stable than the processes that use the data. Typically very similar to the existing system. Data models are much smaller than process models and are constructed more rapidly. Constructing the data model helps analysts and users quickly reach consensus on business terminology and rules.
4. An entity relationship diagram (ERD): a) Is a use-case diagram enhanced graphically to show data and process modeling b) Is a high-level CASE diagram of data modeling used in business systems c) Is an illustration of external data flows to and from a business systems d) Is a picture that shows the information that is created, stored and used by a business system e) Is a graphical display of the processes in a business system
Is a picture that shows the information that is created, stored and used by a business system
3. Which is NOT true about using Visible Analyst Workbench? a) It can be used with many different databases b) It integrates the data model with other parts of the project c) It is a full-service CASE tool d) Data modeling is one of many capabilities e) It can generate Java code when the data modeling is done
It can generate Java code when the data modeling is done
20. What is true about creating an entity relationship diagram? a) There will be at most seven entities b) There will be at most seven relationships c) If you identify more than seven entities, analyze and combine until you have seven or less d) It is an iterative process e) Entities will have at most seven attributes
It is an iterative process
24. What type of process is creating an ERD? a) Well defined process b) Sequential process c) Process defined by five steps d) Iterative process e) User defined process
Iterative process
25. Anthony is working on the cardinality of doctors and patients in a large urban hospital. With the large number of doctors with varying specialties and patients that may have more than one aliment, he thinks the relationship might be noted as: a) 1 to 1 b) 1 to 2 c) 1 to many d) Many to many e) Many to 1
Many to many
17. Information in the data dictionary is called: _______________ a) Metadata b) Cached information c) Compiled data d) Data repository e) File silo
Metadata
32. The two methods to validate that an ERD is well formed are _____. a) Balancing with process models and following design guidelines created by Chen b) Normalization and balancing with process models c) Renaming theory d) Balancing with process models and renaming theory e) Normalization and following design guidelines created by Chen
Normalization and balancing with process models
28. When normalizing data models, if you take attributes that have multiple values for a single instance of an entity and create separate entities for those attributes you are moving from: a) O normal form to 1st normal form (1NF) b) 1st normal form (1NF) to 2nd normal form (2NF) c) 2nd normal form (2NF) to 3rd normal form (3NF) d) Generalized normal form (GNF) to fully normalized form (FNF) e) Dependent normal form (DNF) to Independent normal form (INF)
O normal form to 1st normal form (1NF)
Identifier Types
One or more attributes can serve as the entity identifier, uniquely identifying each entity instance Concatenated identifier consists of several attributes An identifier may be 'artificial,' such as creating an ID number Final decision on identifiers may postponed to the Design Phase
13. You have entities of ITEM, SOLD-ITEM, SALE and PAYMENT. Which most likely is NOT a relationship? a) SALE is paid by PAYMENT b) PAYMENT pays for ITEM c) ITEM is included in SOLD-ITEM d) SALE involves SOLD-ITEM e) PAYMENT pays for SALE
PAYMENT pays for ITEM
Cardinality
Refers to the number of times instances in one entity can be related to instances in another entity
Modality
Refers to whether or not an instance of a child entity can exist without a related instance in the parent entity
19. The three major parts of an ERD diagram are: a) Process, data flow, data store b) Attribute, modularity, cardinality c) Relationship, data flow, entity d) Relationship, attribute, entity e) Process, entity and relationship
Relationship, attribute, entity
6. Lines on an ERD diagram indicate: a) Hierarchies between processes b) Relationships among the data c) Plurality of data items d) Uniqueness of data items e) Primary keys
Relationships among the data
34. A logical data model that does not lead to repeating fields and that the data models leads to tables containing fields that are dependent on the whole identifier is in _____ normal form. a) balanced b) first c) primary d) second e) third
Second
35. When the analyst is evaluating a data model to ensure that all fields in a record depend fully on the entire primary key, which step of normalization is being performed? a) base normal form b) first normal form c) second normal form d) third normal form e) cannot tell from this information
Second normal form
37. If the logical data model contains attribute values that depend on an attribute that is not the identifier, then it is in _____. a) base normal form b) first normal form c) non-normal form d) second normal form e) third normal form
Second normal form
o Draw the relationships that connect associated entities
Start with an entity and identify all entities with which it shares relationships Describe the relationship with the appropriate verb phrase Determine the cardinality and modality by discussing the business rules with knowledgeable users
33. Andrew, an analyst for PaxMedia Inc., has just learned that the business rules for a system he has been working on have changed. This means that _____. a) Nothing - once the ERD data models have been drawn, they are 'frozen' for the system b) Andrew will be reassigned to a different project that is in its beginning stages c) The ERD components will have to be changed d) The ERD data model will have to be put on hold while new DFD diagrams are created e) The project will have to be scrapped and restarted
The ERD components will have to be changed
7. Which of the following is NOT true about ERDs? a) Special symbols are added to show high-level business rules b) The diagrams are drawn in a sequential order - from top to bottom c) Similar kinds of information are listed together in entities d) ERD's are data modeling techniques e) Lines are drawn to show relationships among the data
The diagrams are drawn in a sequential order - from top to bottom
22. In adding attributes to an ERD, which of the following might NOT be a good resource for attributes? a) From the CASE tool b) Data flows from DFD's c) Requirements documents d) The system proposal document e) Through interviews (what users need for reports and processing)
The system proposal document
39. Data models can be either logical or physical.
True
40. During the analysis phase logical data models are created.
True
42. A data model is a formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system.
True
43. One of the most commonly used techniques for data modeling is ERD's.
True
47. A textbook-provided example of a 'full-service CASE' tool is Visible Analyst.
True
49. A graphical illustration that shows the information that is created, stored and used by a business system would be an ERD.
True
51. An analyst can read an ERD to discover the individual pieces of information in a system and how they are organized and related to each other.
True
53. An entity is the basic building block for a data model.
True
55. Entities are further designed with attributes.
True
56. Entities are a person, place, or thing.
True
57. In an entity called STUDENT, you might find attributes of Student-ID, Last-Name, First-Name and cell-phone.
True
60. Relationships are associations between entities.
True
62. ERD's can be quite complex and might have hundreds or thousands of entities.
True
64. The three steps in creating an ERD are: (1) identify the entities; (2) identify the attributes; (3) identify the relationships
True
65. Metadata is data about data.
True
67. In defining the data characteristics of Universal Product Codes, we might describe them as twelve characters made up of digits - numeric only.
True
69. One of the first places to start developing Entity Relationship Diagrams is by looking at the level 0 process models (DFD) and the use cases for data flows and data stores.
True
70. Data modeling is an iterative process.
True
71. When validating ERD's you should balance ERD entities with the data flows and data stores from the DFD process diagrams.
True
72. CRUD stands for create, read, update and delete and can be used to verify DFDs and ERDs.
True
29. Independent entities are: a) When a child requires attributes from the parent b) When there is only one entity for a data process model c) When an entity can exist without the help of another entity d) Where the entity identifier is also the primary key e) When an entity comes from an external source (aka 'external entity')
When an entity can exist without the help of another entity
15. Modality refers to: a) Relationships of one-to-one; one-to-many; or many-to-many b) Whether a child entity can exist with or without a related instance in the parent entity c) The hierarchical structure that was developed in process models applied to data models d) The number of attributes generated by an entity e) Whether the entity has a unique identifier (aka 'primary key') or a concatenated identifier (aka 'composite key')
Whether a child entity can exist with or without a related instance in the parent entity
10. Which would NOT likely be an entity on a car insurance ERD? a) Customer b) Policy c) Agent d) Zip code e) Car
Zip code
12. An ERD is a picture which shows the information that is ________ by a business system? a) created b) stored c) used d) all of these
all of these
o Not Null -
an instance in the related entity must exist for an instance in another entity to be valid
o Null -
no instance in the related entity is necessary for an instance in another entity to be valid
Data model
o A formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system o Shows the people, places and things about which data is captured and the relationships among them.
Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)
o A popular way to depict the data model
Discuss the process used to create a data model
o Identify the entities o Add appropriate attributes for each entity o Draw the relationships that connect associated entities
Data models should balance with
process models
14. The lines that connect the entities are referred to as? a) Data flows b) connectors c) relationships d) crow's feet e) foreign key
relationships
o Physical data model
shows how the data will actually be stored in databases or files.
Logical data model shows
the organization of data without indicating how it is stored, created, or manipulated
Normalization is
the process analysts use to validate data models.
Relationships
Associations between entities The first entity in the relationship is the parent entity; the second entity in the relationship is the child entity Relationships should have active verb names Relationships go in both directions
52. On an ERD, similar kinds of information are listed together and placed inside boxes called data containers.
False
54. An entity is described by an action verb.
False
58. In an entity called STUDENT, you might find attributes of PROFESSOR-ID, Last-Name, First-Name and CLASSROOM.
False
59. Relationships are some type of information that is captured about entities.
False
61. Relationships are drawn with lines showing cardinality and plurality.
False
63. The three steps in creating an ERD are: (1) identify the entities; (2) identify the processes; (3) identify the relationships
False
66. CASE tools have 'data repositories'.
False
68. In defining LAST-NAME in the data dictionary, we might describe it as a character field having from 1 to 15 alphabetic characters.
False
36. If the logical data model does not contain attributes that have repeating values it is in _____. a) base normal form b) first normal form c) non-normal form d) second normal form e) third normal form
First normal form
26. Omar has a model with 85 entities. He can: a) Compress these into at most seven entity grouping units b) Group these into related subject areas c) Stop - he has all entities defined d) Sort the entities alphabetically e) Co-validate the entities with the level 2 DFD diagrams
Group these into related subject areas
o Add appropriate attributes for each entity
Identify attributes of the entity that are relevant to the system under development o Check the process model repository entries for details on data flows and data stores o Check the data requirements of the requirements definition o Interview knowledgeable users o Perform document analysis on existing forms and reports Select the entity's candidate identifier (final decision may be postponed until Design phase)
o Identify the entities
Identify major categories of information o If available, check the process models for data stores, external entities, and data flows o Check the major inputs and outputs from the use cases Verify that there is more than one instance of the entity that occurs in the system
23. The last step in creating basic ERD's is to: a) Identify relationships b) Define attributes and assign identifiers c) Recognize entities d) Test them with users e) Compile them with Java
Identify relationships
27. The first step to building an Entity Relationship Diagram is to _____ a) Identify data flows from the level 0 DFD diagram b) draw the relationships between the entities c) identify the attributes for each entity d) identify the entities e) identify the processes, data flows and data stores
Identify the entities
18. Entity Relationship Diagrams show relationships between entities that are _____. a) Outputs from JAD sessions b) Consistent with the ACM guidelines c) In line with the business rules and processing d) Defined by the project sponsor e) Extensions of the process models
In line with the business rules and processing
30. A(n) _____ entity is an entity at the "1" end of a relationship or an entity with an identifier that describes only the entity. a) dependent b) incomplete c) independent d) intersection e) non-identifying
Independent
Attributes
Information captured about an entity Only those used by the organization should be included in the model Attribute names are nouns Sometimes entity name is added at the beginning of the attribute name for clarity
8. An entity: a) Is the association between two related processes b) Has cardinality (1:1, 1:N, or M:N) c) Shows if it can be null or no null d) Is a person, place or thing e) Is described with a verb phrase
Is a person, place or thing
1. A data model is a: a) The mathematical model of formulas and logic used in a system b) The abstract creating of an ideal system transformation c) The model that is produced by extreme programming d) The expanded, thoroughly balanced and normalized use case for a system e) A formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system
A formal way of representing the data that are used and created by a business system
Entity
A person, place, event, or thing about which data is collected Must be multiple occurrences to be an entity
Foreign Keys
A relationship implies that instances of one entity are related to instances of another entity The primary key of one entity is migrated into the other entity as a foreign key. A foreign key is a primary key of one entity that is contributed to (duplicated in) another entity for the purpose of identifying instances of a relationship. A foreign key (always in a child entity) always matches the primary key (in a parent entity).
31. A(n) _____ entity cannot exist without the presence of another entity and is normally on the "many" end of a relationship or has an identifier that is based on another entity's attribute. a. independent b. incomplete c. dependent d. variable e. non-complying
Dependent
An ERD Example has
Entities Attributes Relationship
41. During the analysis phase, analysts create programming models to represent how the business system will operate.
False
44. ERD's are drawn in several levels: Context ERD diagrams; Level 0 ERD diagrams; Level 1 ERD diagrams.
False
45. ERD's and DFD's are two techniques for data modeling.
False
46. ERD's and DFD's are two techniques for process modeling.
False
48. An ERD is a picture that shows how data and information is processed and transformed by a business system.
False
50. An illustration of the transformation of data into business value is an ERD.
False
