MIS FINAL

Phase 1: Planning:

-analysts assess current a future needs of organization/ a specific group of users examine:- orgs strategic goals, how the proposed system can support goals, factors critical to the systems success, criteria for evaluating the systems performance -at the end of the phase users and top management should have a clear view of: what the prob is and how the info system will solve the prob

system development life cycle (SDLC)

-series of well-defined phases performed in sequence -serves as a framework for developing a system/ project -each phase output becomes the input for the next phase -suitable for info system (IS) which needs to be redesigned

pair programming

2 programmers participate in one development effort at one workstation

Which of the following is an advantage of a database over a flat file system?

A database uses more sophisticated security measures.

Which of the following is an outcome of the design phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC)?

A document with exact specifications for executing the system, including procedures, hardware and software, and networking components

When using query by example (QBE) in the data manipulation component of a database management system (DBMS), the _____ is used when all the conditions in the QBE form must be met.

AND operator

Which of the following statements is true of big data?

It can

___ is concerned with issues such as political repercussions of using an information system and meeting the requirements of the information system and meeting the requirements of the information privacy act

Legal feasibility

_____ uses an iterative process that repeats the design, development, and testing steps as needed, based on feedback from users.

Rapid Application Development

fragmentation

addresses how tables are divided among multiple locations

insourcing

an orgs team develops the system internally

pilot

analyst introduces the system in a limited area of the org

economic feasibility

assesses a systems cost and benefits -ex: creation of a budget

computer aided systems engineering (CASE) tools

automate parts of the application development process help analysts: -maintain consistency and comment models -ensure that models are created according to specific rules -track and manage design changes -create mult versions of the design > creates output in the form of: specifications doc, documentation of the analysis, design specifications with related documentation, logical and physical design docs based on conceptual design, code modules

internal data

collected from within an org -stored in the orgs internal add

database

collection of related data that is stored in a central location or in multiple locations

joint application design (JAD)

collective activity involving users, top management and IT professionals -centered on a structured workshop, users, and system professionals while to develop an application -adv:helps ensure that collected requirements arent narrow in focus

allocation

combines fragmentation and replication with each site strong the data used most often

object-oriented

combines process and data analysis

rapid application development

combines the planning and analysis phases to develop a prototype of the system uses an interactive process -desing development and testing steps are repeated as needed, based on feedback from users

external data

comes from a variety of resources -stored in the orgs internal add

legal feasibility

concerned with legal issues including -political repercussions -meeting requirements of the info privacy act

grantt charts

constructed using critical path -allows the stems analyst to monitor the progress of the project -helps detect delay in the daily operation of the project

external users

cost, contractors, suppliers, and the bus partners -not part of the task force but their input is essential

physical design

created for specific platforms

data

creates and maintains the data dictionary -defines the structure of files in a database -makes changes to a databases structure

A__________is the structure and organization of data, which involves fields, records, and files.

data hierarchy

A _____ is a collection of data from a variety of sources used to support decision-making applications and generate business intelligence.

data warehouse

phase 2 requirements gathering and analysis

defining the prob and generating alternatives for solving it -system specifications

During the _____ of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), analysts choose the solution that is the most realistic and offers the highest payoff for the organization.

design phase

application genration

designs elements of an application using database ex:data entry screens, interactive menus, interfaces with other programming languages

feasibility study

determines how best to present the solution to management -includes Econ, tech, operational, scheduling and legal dimensions

data model

determines how data is created, represented, organized and maintained

input

diff sources of data together provide input for a data warehouse to perform analyses to generate reports ex: external data sources, databases, transaction files, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, customer relationship management (CRM)systems

data mining analysis

discourse patterns and realtionships

linking

displays an obj in the destination file but only stores and the location of the source file -you need to ensure that the data will be current and identical in both the source and destination file

embedding

displays and stores an obj in the destination file -you want the obj to become a part of the destination file

phased in phased out

each module of the new system is inverted, corresponding part of the old system works correctly

replication

each site stores a copy of the data in orgs database

internal users

employees who use the system regularly -offer feedback on the systems strengths and weaknesses

self sourcing

end users develop info systems with less or no formal assistance form the IS team -helps reduce the back log in producing IS -improves flexibility in responding to users info needs

online transaction processing (OLTP)

facilitates and manger transaction oriented applications -uses internal data and responds in real time

phase 5 maintenance

feedback from users, must, and other people affected by the new system is collected -corrective action is taken if the systems obj are not being met

foreign key

field in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table -used to cross-reference tables

agile methodology

focuses on an incremental development process and timely delivery of working software -less emphasis on them coding and more emphasis on limiting the project scope

service oriented architecture

focuses on the development, use and reuse of small self contained blocks of codes -attempts to solve software development issues by recognizing, accepting and leveraging existing services

online analytical processing (OLAP)

generates bus intelligence -uses internal data and responds in real time

summary data

gives users subtotals of various categories

encapsulation

grouping obj along with their attributes and methods into a single unit

database engine

heart of DBMS software -responsible for data storage, maipulation and retrieval -converts logical requests form users into their physical equivalents

normalization

improves database efficiency by eliminating redundant data

network model

includes multiple parent and child records

raw data

info in the original form

copying and pasting

interest and object into a file -you want to exchange the data between he 2 files only once, if the source files changes, that change is not reflected in the destination file

data driven website

interface to a database -retrieves data and allows users to enter data -improves access to info -gives users more Current info from a variety of data sources

physical view

involves how data is stored on and retrieved from storage media ex: hard disks, magnetic tapes, CDs

logical view

involves how info appears to users and how it can be organized and retrieved

query by example (QBE)

involves requesting data from a database by construction a statement formed by query forms

For each database, there:

is only one physical view

In the design phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), the _____ indicates hardware and software, such as specifying Linux servers and Windows clients.

logical design

The__________of a database involves how information appears to users and how it can be organized and retrieved.

logical view

During the__________of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), a team assesses how a system is working and takes steps to keep the system up and running.

maintenance phase

In data warehouses, _____ is information about data—its content, quality, condition, origin, and other characteristics.

metadata

extreme programming (XP)

method for developing software app and IS project -proj is divided into smaller function s -developers can't move to the next phase until the current phase is finished -each function is developed in a step-by-step fashion

Which of the following is a key factor that has contributed to the growth and popularity of big data?

mobile and wireless technology

inheritance

new objects can be created faster and easily by entering new data in attributes

parallel

old and new systems run simultaneously for a short time to ensure the new system works correctly

plunge (direct cutover)

old system is stopped and the new system is implemented

outsourcing

org hires an external vendor/consultant who specializes in providing development services

conceptual design

overview of the system, doesn't include hardware and software

cost-effectiveness analysis methods

payback, net present value (NPV), return on investment (ROI) and internal rate of return (IRR)

In _____ of the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), as each module of a new system is converted, the corresponding part of an old system is retired.

phased-in-phased-out conversion

The end result of the__________of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) model should give users and top management a clear view of what the problem is and how the information system will solve the problem.

planning phase

Business analytics uses _____ to gain insight into data and provide decision makers with information they can act on.

predictive modeling

predictive analytics

prepares decision maker for future events -proactive strategy

In a relational database, every record must be uniquely identified by a__________.

primary key

crowdsourcing

process traditionally performed by employees or contractors to a crowd thru an open call ex. onshore, nearshore, offshore

extraction, transformation and loading (ETL)

processes used in data warehouse -extracting data from outside sources -transforming data to fit operational needs -loading data into the database/data warehouse

indexed sequential access method (ISAM)

records are accessed sequentially(small number)/randomly(large number) depending on the number being accessed

sequential access file structure

records are organized and processed in numerical/sequential order -organized based on a primary key

random access file structure

records canoe accessed in any order irrespective of the physical locations in storage media

hierarchical model

relationships between records form a tree like structure

descriptive analytics

review past events -analyzes the data -provides a report indicating what happened over a given period of time and how to prepare for future -reactive strategy

request for info (RFI)

screening document for gathering vendor info and narrowing the list of potential vendors -helps manage section of vendors by focusing on the project requirements crucial to selecting vendors

structured systems analysis and design (SSAD)

sequential approach, treats process and data ind

distributed database

shoes data on multiple servers throughout an org

formation of the task force

should consists reps form: different departments, systems analysts, technical advisors, top management -collects user feedback and works toward getting users involved form beg

object oriented database

single object contains data and their relationships

prototyping

small scale version of the system is developed -illustrates system benefits and allows users to offer feedback -proof-of-concept prototype, selling prototype

data mart

smaller version of data warehouse used by single department or function

database management system (DBMS)

software for creating, storing, maintaining and accessing database files -makes using databases more efficient

phase 4 implementation

solution is transferred from paper to action -team configures the system and procedures components for it

structured query language (SQL)

standard 4th genration query language that consists of several keywords specifying actions to take

data dictionary

stores defs ex: data types for fields, default values and validation rules for data in each field

data hierarchy

structure and org of data involving fields, records and files

phase 3 design

the most realistic solution which offers the highest payoff for the organization is chose -details of the proposed solution are outlined

SDLC model may be inappropriate if

there is lack of specifications -input-output process cn be identified completely -prob is ad hoc -users needs change constantly

primary key

uniquely identifies every record in a relational database

database marketing

us using an organizations database of customers and potential custs in order to promote the prod and services that an org offers -calucates customer lifetime value (CLTV) -conducts a recency, frequency and monetary analysis (RFM)

data administration

used for the tasks back up and recovery, security and change management -used to determine who has permission to perform certain functions

data manipulation

used to add, delete, modify and retrieve records from a database

relational model

uses a 2 dimensional table of rows and columns of data -rows are records columns are fields

business analytics (BA)

uses data and statistical methods to gain insight into the data -provides decision markers with info to act on

big data

volumns data which the conventional computing methods are unable to efficiently process and mange 3V's 1)volume-quality of transactions 2)variety-combination fo structured and unstructured data 3) velocity-speed with which data needs to be gathered and processed

The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is also known as the _____.

waterfall model

request for proposal (RFP)

written document with detailed specs -used to request bids for equipment supplies/services from venders -contains info on functional, technical, and bus requirements of the proposed info system