MIS FINAL
Phase 1: Planning:
-analysts assess current a future needs of organization/ a specific group of users examine:- orgs strategic goals, how the proposed system can support goals, factors critical to the systems success, criteria for evaluating the systems performance -at the end of the phase users and top management should have a clear view of: what the prob is and how the info system will solve the prob
system development life cycle (SDLC)
-series of well-defined phases performed in sequence -serves as a framework for developing a system/ project -each phase output becomes the input for the next phase -suitable for info system (IS) which needs to be redesigned
pair programming
2 programmers participate in one development effort at one workstation
Which of the following is an advantage of a database over a flat file system?
A database uses more sophisticated security measures.
Which of the following is an outcome of the design phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC)?
A document with exact specifications for executing the system, including procedures, hardware and software, and networking components
When using query by example (QBE) in the data manipulation component of a database management system (DBMS), the _____ is used when all the conditions in the QBE form must be met.
AND operator
Which of the following statements is true of big data?
It can
___ is concerned with issues such as political repercussions of using an information system and meeting the requirements of the information system and meeting the requirements of the information privacy act
Legal feasibility
_____ uses an iterative process that repeats the design, development, and testing steps as needed, based on feedback from users.
Rapid Application Development
fragmentation
addresses how tables are divided among multiple locations
insourcing
an orgs team develops the system internally
pilot
analyst introduces the system in a limited area of the org
economic feasibility
assesses a systems cost and benefits -ex: creation of a budget
computer aided systems engineering (CASE) tools
automate parts of the application development process help analysts: -maintain consistency and comment models -ensure that models are created according to specific rules -track and manage design changes -create mult versions of the design > creates output in the form of: specifications doc, documentation of the analysis, design specifications with related documentation, logical and physical design docs based on conceptual design, code modules
internal data
collected from within an org -stored in the orgs internal add
database
collection of related data that is stored in a central location or in multiple locations
joint application design (JAD)
collective activity involving users, top management and IT professionals -centered on a structured workshop, users, and system professionals while to develop an application -adv:helps ensure that collected requirements arent narrow in focus
allocation
combines fragmentation and replication with each site strong the data used most often
object-oriented
combines process and data analysis
rapid application development
combines the planning and analysis phases to develop a prototype of the system uses an interactive process -desing development and testing steps are repeated as needed, based on feedback from users
external data
comes from a variety of resources -stored in the orgs internal add
legal feasibility
concerned with legal issues including -political repercussions -meeting requirements of the info privacy act
grantt charts
constructed using critical path -allows the stems analyst to monitor the progress of the project -helps detect delay in the daily operation of the project
external users
cost, contractors, suppliers, and the bus partners -not part of the task force but their input is essential
physical design
created for specific platforms
data
creates and maintains the data dictionary -defines the structure of files in a database -makes changes to a databases structure
A__________is the structure and organization of data, which involves fields, records, and files.
data hierarchy
A _____ is a collection of data from a variety of sources used to support decision-making applications and generate business intelligence.
data warehouse
phase 2 requirements gathering and analysis
defining the prob and generating alternatives for solving it -system specifications
During the _____ of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), analysts choose the solution that is the most realistic and offers the highest payoff for the organization.
design phase
application genration
designs elements of an application using database ex:data entry screens, interactive menus, interfaces with other programming languages
feasibility study
determines how best to present the solution to management -includes Econ, tech, operational, scheduling and legal dimensions
data model
determines how data is created, represented, organized and maintained
input
diff sources of data together provide input for a data warehouse to perform analyses to generate reports ex: external data sources, databases, transaction files, enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems, customer relationship management (CRM)systems
data mining analysis
discourse patterns and realtionships
linking
displays an obj in the destination file but only stores and the location of the source file -you need to ensure that the data will be current and identical in both the source and destination file
embedding
displays and stores an obj in the destination file -you want the obj to become a part of the destination file
phased in phased out
each module of the new system is inverted, corresponding part of the old system works correctly
replication
each site stores a copy of the data in orgs database
internal users
employees who use the system regularly -offer feedback on the systems strengths and weaknesses
self sourcing
end users develop info systems with less or no formal assistance form the IS team -helps reduce the back log in producing IS -improves flexibility in responding to users info needs
online transaction processing (OLTP)
facilitates and manger transaction oriented applications -uses internal data and responds in real time
phase 5 maintenance
feedback from users, must, and other people affected by the new system is collected -corrective action is taken if the systems obj are not being met
foreign key
field in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table -used to cross-reference tables
agile methodology
focuses on an incremental development process and timely delivery of working software -less emphasis on them coding and more emphasis on limiting the project scope
service oriented architecture
focuses on the development, use and reuse of small self contained blocks of codes -attempts to solve software development issues by recognizing, accepting and leveraging existing services
online analytical processing (OLAP)
generates bus intelligence -uses internal data and responds in real time
summary data
gives users subtotals of various categories
encapsulation
grouping obj along with their attributes and methods into a single unit
database engine
heart of DBMS software -responsible for data storage, maipulation and retrieval -converts logical requests form users into their physical equivalents
normalization
improves database efficiency by eliminating redundant data
network model
includes multiple parent and child records
raw data
info in the original form
copying and pasting
interest and object into a file -you want to exchange the data between he 2 files only once, if the source files changes, that change is not reflected in the destination file
data driven website
interface to a database -retrieves data and allows users to enter data -improves access to info -gives users more Current info from a variety of data sources
physical view
involves how data is stored on and retrieved from storage media ex: hard disks, magnetic tapes, CDs
logical view
involves how info appears to users and how it can be organized and retrieved
query by example (QBE)
involves requesting data from a database by construction a statement formed by query forms
For each database, there:
is only one physical view
In the design phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), the _____ indicates hardware and software, such as specifying Linux servers and Windows clients.
logical design
The__________of a database involves how information appears to users and how it can be organized and retrieved.
logical view
During the__________of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), a team assesses how a system is working and takes steps to keep the system up and running.
maintenance phase
In data warehouses, _____ is information about data—its content, quality, condition, origin, and other characteristics.
metadata
extreme programming (XP)
method for developing software app and IS project -proj is divided into smaller function s -developers can't move to the next phase until the current phase is finished -each function is developed in a step-by-step fashion
Which of the following is a key factor that has contributed to the growth and popularity of big data?
mobile and wireless technology
inheritance
new objects can be created faster and easily by entering new data in attributes
parallel
old and new systems run simultaneously for a short time to ensure the new system works correctly
plunge (direct cutover)
old system is stopped and the new system is implemented
outsourcing
org hires an external vendor/consultant who specializes in providing development services
conceptual design
overview of the system, doesn't include hardware and software
cost-effectiveness analysis methods
payback, net present value (NPV), return on investment (ROI) and internal rate of return (IRR)
In _____ of the implementation phase of the systems development life cycle (SDLC), as each module of a new system is converted, the corresponding part of an old system is retired.
phased-in-phased-out conversion
The end result of the__________of the systems development life cycle (SDLC) model should give users and top management a clear view of what the problem is and how the information system will solve the problem.
planning phase
Business analytics uses _____ to gain insight into data and provide decision makers with information they can act on.
predictive modeling
predictive analytics
prepares decision maker for future events -proactive strategy
In a relational database, every record must be uniquely identified by a__________.
primary key
crowdsourcing
process traditionally performed by employees or contractors to a crowd thru an open call ex. onshore, nearshore, offshore
extraction, transformation and loading (ETL)
processes used in data warehouse -extracting data from outside sources -transforming data to fit operational needs -loading data into the database/data warehouse
indexed sequential access method (ISAM)
records are accessed sequentially(small number)/randomly(large number) depending on the number being accessed
sequential access file structure
records are organized and processed in numerical/sequential order -organized based on a primary key
random access file structure
records canoe accessed in any order irrespective of the physical locations in storage media
hierarchical model
relationships between records form a tree like structure
descriptive analytics
review past events -analyzes the data -provides a report indicating what happened over a given period of time and how to prepare for future -reactive strategy
request for info (RFI)
screening document for gathering vendor info and narrowing the list of potential vendors -helps manage section of vendors by focusing on the project requirements crucial to selecting vendors
structured systems analysis and design (SSAD)
sequential approach, treats process and data ind
distributed database
shoes data on multiple servers throughout an org
formation of the task force
should consists reps form: different departments, systems analysts, technical advisors, top management -collects user feedback and works toward getting users involved form beg
object oriented database
single object contains data and their relationships
prototyping
small scale version of the system is developed -illustrates system benefits and allows users to offer feedback -proof-of-concept prototype, selling prototype
data mart
smaller version of data warehouse used by single department or function
database management system (DBMS)
software for creating, storing, maintaining and accessing database files -makes using databases more efficient
phase 4 implementation
solution is transferred from paper to action -team configures the system and procedures components for it
structured query language (SQL)
standard 4th genration query language that consists of several keywords specifying actions to take
data dictionary
stores defs ex: data types for fields, default values and validation rules for data in each field
data hierarchy
structure and org of data involving fields, records and files
phase 3 design
the most realistic solution which offers the highest payoff for the organization is chose -details of the proposed solution are outlined
SDLC model may be inappropriate if
there is lack of specifications -input-output process cn be identified completely -prob is ad hoc -users needs change constantly
primary key
uniquely identifies every record in a relational database
database marketing
us using an organizations database of customers and potential custs in order to promote the prod and services that an org offers -calucates customer lifetime value (CLTV) -conducts a recency, frequency and monetary analysis (RFM)
data administration
used for the tasks back up and recovery, security and change management -used to determine who has permission to perform certain functions
data manipulation
used to add, delete, modify and retrieve records from a database
relational model
uses a 2 dimensional table of rows and columns of data -rows are records columns are fields
business analytics (BA)
uses data and statistical methods to gain insight into the data -provides decision markers with info to act on
big data
volumns data which the conventional computing methods are unable to efficiently process and mange 3V's 1)volume-quality of transactions 2)variety-combination fo structured and unstructured data 3) velocity-speed with which data needs to be gathered and processed
The systems development life cycle (SDLC) is also known as the _____.
waterfall model
request for proposal (RFP)
written document with detailed specs -used to request bids for equipment supplies/services from venders -contains info on functional, technical, and bus requirements of the proposed info system