MIS Test 2
IaaS
(infrastructure as a service): the cloud hosting of a bare server computer or data storage. Is a location data delivery model where privacy protected physical location data acquired through multiple sources including carriers, Wi-Fi, IP addresses and landlines is available to enterprise customers through a simple API.
PaaS
(platform as a service): vendors provide hosted computers, an operating system, and possibly a DBMS - organizations add their own apps to host
SaaS
(software as a service): leasing hardware infrastructure, operating systems, and application programs to another organization
What is a database and what is the use of a database?
-Database - self-describing collection of integrated records. - The purpose of a database is to keep track of things that involve more than one theme. - Lists of data involving a single theme can be stored in a spreadsheet; while lists that involve data with multiple themes require a database. the purpose of a database is to keep track of things that involve more than one theme.
What are the structural components of a database
-Tables, rows, fields, columns, keys, relationships, schemas, models etc.
characteristics of structured processes
1. They support operational and structured managerial decisions and activities. 2. They are standardized. 3. They are usually formally defined and documented. 4. Exceptions are rare and not (well) tolerated. 5. Their process structures change slowly and with organizational agony.
characteristics of dynamic processes
1. They support strategic and less structured managerial decisions and activities. 2. They are less specific and fluid. 3. They are usually informal. 4. Exceptions are frequent and expected. 5. They are adaptive processes that change structure rapidly and readily.
What is a byte?
A byte is a character of data
What is a computer network?
A computer network is a collection of computers that communicate with one another over transmission lines or wirelessly
Tunnel
A connection that is a virtual, private pathway over a public or shared network from the VPN client to the VPN server.
What is a DBMS?
A database management system (DBMS) is system software for creating and managing databases. The DBMS provides users and programmers with a systematic way to create, retrieve, update and manage data
Service oriented architecture (SOA)
A design philosophy that dictates that all interactions among computing devices are defined as services in a formal, standardized way. SOA makes the cloud possible.
JSON (JavaScript Object Notation)
A markup language (such as html) used for transmitting documents. Contains little metadata and is preferred for transmitting volumes of data between servers and browsers. While the notation is the format of JavaScript objects, JSON documents can be processed by any language.
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
A markup language used for transmitting documents. Contains much metadata that can be used to validate the format and completeness of the document, but includes considerable overhead
What is database administration?
A person or department that develops procedures and practices to ensure efficient and orderly multiuser processing of the database, to control changes to database structure, and to protect the database.
intranet
A private internet that is used exclusively within an organization
What is RDBMS?
A relational database management system (RDBMS) is a collection of programs and capabilities that enable IT teams and others to create, update, administer and otherwise interact with a relational database. Most commercial RDBMSes use Structured Query Language (SQL)
WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
A standard for describing the services, inputs and outputs, and other data supported by a Web service. Documents coded according to this standard are machine readable and can be used by developer tools for creating programs to access the service.
Why is ERP necessary
An ERP system is an information system based on ERP technology. The primary purpose of an ERP system is integration; an ERP system allows the left hand of the organization to know what the right hand is doing. This integration allows real-time updates globally, whenever and wherever a transaction takes place. Critical business decisions can then be made on a timely basis using the latest data.
Describe entities in the context of data models.
An entity is something that the users want to track. Examples of entities are Order, Customer, Salesperson, and Item. Some entities represent a physical object, such as Itemor Salesperson; others represent a logical construct or transaction, such as Orderor Contract.
What is cloud and it's characteristic?
Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
Uses for CDN
Content Delivery Network A news organization could use a CDN to store copies of its news articles. The CDN vendor replicates articles on servers, possibly worldwide, so as to speed response time. In addition to news articles, CDNs are often used to store and deliver content that seldom changes. For example, the company banner on an organization's Web page might be stored on many CDN servers. Various pieces of the Web page could be obtained from different servers on the CDN.
example of a dynamic process
Deciding whether to open a new store location or how best to solve the problem of excessive product returns
Elastic
Dynamically increasing/decreasing leased resources programmatically in a short time span, and only pay for resources used
cloud
Elastic leading of pooled computer resources over the internet
Workgroup process
Enables workgroups to fulfill the charter, purpose, and goals of a particular group/department
example if IaaS
Ex: Amazon E2 or Amazon S3
Example of SaaS
Ex: Microsoft onedrive, office 365, apple icloud
example of PaaS
Ex: microsoft azure and oracle on demand
State the purposes of the four elements of a database application.
Forms—View data; insert new, update existing, and delete existing data Reports—Structured presentation of data using sorting, grouping, filtering, and other operations Queries—Search based upon data values provided by the user Application programs—Provide security, data consistency, and special purpose processing, e.g., handle out-of-stock situations
Purpose of ERP
Integration of purchasing, HR, production, sals, and accounting data into a single system Allows real time global updates whenever a transaction happens. Critical decisions can be made using latest data
Components of an ERP product
Manufacturing Supply chain Human resources CRM Accounting
4 Levels of Information Systems Scope
Personal, workgroup, enterprise, and inter-enterprise
Explain how a database management system processes a database
Processing can be quite complex the DBMS provides applications for four processing operations: to read, insert, modify, or delete data. These operations are requested in application calls upon the DBMS. From a form, when a user enters new or changed data, a computer program behind the form calls the DBMS to make the necessary database changes. From a Web application, a program on the client or on the server calls the DBMS to make the change.
Challenges with ERP implementation
Requirement, collaboration etc The first challenge is identifying the gaps. To specify a gap, an organization must know both what it needs and what the new product does. However, it can be very difficult for an organization to determine what it needs; that difficulty is one reason organizations choose to license rather than to build. Further, the features and functions of complex products like CRM or ERP are not easy to identify. Thus, gap identification is a major task when implementing enterprise systems. The second challenge is deciding what to do with gaps, once they are identified. Either the organization needs to change the way it does things to adapt to the new application, or the application must be altered to match what the organization does. Either choice is problematic.
What are columns or fields grouped in?
Rows also known as records
Enterprise process
Span an organization and support activities in multiple departments
The process of placing an order is an example of which type of business process
Structured processes
Discuss TCP/IP Protocol Architecture, and define Internet protocols.
The basic plumbing of the Internet is governed by protocols that are defined according to an arrangement called the TCP/IP protocol architecture. This architecture has five layers; one or more protocols are defined at each layer. Data communications and software vendors write computer programs that implement the rules of a particular protocol. The Internet protocols that a business professional is likely to encounter are as follows: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (http) is the protocol used between browsers and Web servers. Whenever a browser such as Microsoft Edge, Safari, or Chrome is used, a program that implements the http protocol is being used. A secure version of http is called https. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, or smtp, is used for email transmissions (along with other protocols). File Transfer Protocol, or ftp, is used to move files over the Internet.
Pooled
The situation in which many different organizations use the same physical hardware
Describe the three-tier architecture for Web applications such as e-commerce
The three-tier architecture is an arrangement of user computers and servers into three categories, or tiers. The user tier consists of computers, phones, and other mobile devices that have browsers that request and process Web pages. The server tier consists of computers that run Web servers and process application programs. The database tier consists of computers that run a DBMS that processes requests to retrieve and store data. Web servers are programs that run on a server-tier computer and manage traffic by sending and receiving Web pages to and from clients. A commerce server is an application program that runs on a server-tier computer. Typical commerce server functions are to obtain product data from a database, manage the items in a shopping cart, and coordinate the checkout process.
What are the two dimensions of process quality?
The two dimensions of process quality are efficiency and effectiveness. Process efficiency is a measure of the ratio of process outputs to inputs. Process effectiveness is a measure of how well a process achieves organizational strategy.
What is a relational Database and how are relations created?
This is an approach to managing data using a structure and language consistent with first-order predicate logic
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
UDP stands for User Datagram Protocol — a datagram is the same thing as a packet of information. The UDP protocol works similarly to TCP, but it throws all the error-checking stuff out. All the back-and-forth communication and deliverability guarantees slow things down.
Are we going to fail this test?
YES
A database is a?
a collection of tables, relationships among the rows in those tables
What are the steps involved in transforming a data model into a relational database design?
a database designer creates a table for each entity. The identifier of the entity becomes the key of the table. Each attribute of the entity then becomes a column of the table. Next, the resulting tables are normalized so that each table has a single theme followed by representing relationships among the tables that are normalized. This includes adding foreign keys and additional tables for N:M relationships.
What is metadata?
a set of data that describes and gives information about other data
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
a set of rules that governs the delivery of data over the Internet or other network that uses the Internet Protocol, and sets up a connection between the sending and receiving computers.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
a suite of applications called modules, a database, and a set of inherent processes for consolidating business operations into a single, consistent, computing platform
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)
a suite of applications that consolidate existing systems by providing layers of software that connect applications together
What are content delivery networks? (CDN)
a system of hardware and software that stores user data in many different geographical locations and makes those data available on demand. A CDN provides a specialized type of PaaS but is usually considered in its own category.
example of inter-enterprise process
buying healthcare insurance policy via healthcare exchange 1000+ users ex =PRIDE
In database what are bytes grouped in?
bytes are grouped into columns, which are also known as fields
Protocols
communication that enable a mixture of wired and wireless devices to connect over a network
wide area network (WAN)
connects computers at different geographic locations
Local Area Network (LAN)
connects computers that reside in a single geographic location, typically, the premises of the company that own and operates the network The number of connected computers can range from two to several hundred. The distinguishing characteristic of a LAN is a single location.
in information silo exists when...
data are isolated in separated information systems
example of a workgroup
doctors office/ medical practice 10-100 users
dynamic processes
flexible, informal, and adaptive processes that normally involve strategic and less unstructured managerial decisions and activities
example of an Enterprise process
hospital 100-1000 users
enterprise info systems
information systems that support cross-functional processes and activities in multiple departments.
inter-enterprise process
processes that support activities in multiple, independent companies and or organizations
SOAP
protocol for requesting web services and for sending responses to web service requests
structured processes
standardized process that involve day to day operations--,examples include- accepting a return, placing an order, purchasing new material..etc
Inter-Enterprise info Systems
supports one or more inter-enterprise processes, such systems typically involve thousands of users. Solutions top problems usually involve cooperation with independently owned organizations
What is a group of rows and records known as?
table or file
What are the problems with Information Silos
they lead to disjoint processes and organizational/process inefficiency problems if they use and store data inconsistently across separate databases
a virtual private network (VPN)
uses the internet to create the appearance of private, secure connections VPNs provide secure communications over the internet, but they are so complex and expensive that only the military and government organizations can use them
how can Organizations improve the quality (efficiency and/or effectiveness)
— Change the process structure. — Change the process resources. — Change both process structure and resources. Information systems can be used to improve process quality by: — Performing an activity. — Augmenting a human who is performing an activity. — Controlling data quality and process flow.
The functions of EAI
— It connects system "islands" via a new layer of software/system. — It enables existing applications to communicate and share data. — It provides integrated information. — It leverages existing systems—leaving functional applications as is, but providing an integration layer over the top. — It enables a gradual move to ERP.
