mitosis

During what phase of cell division does the cell grow and replicate the DNA?

interphase

The non-dividing phase, where most of the life of a cell is spent is called

interphase

What happens during telophase

2 new cells pinch in half (animal cells) or a cell plate forms (plant cells). The chromosomes become less condensed again and reappear as chromatin. New membrane forms nuclear envelopes and nucleolus is reformed. Khan academy- In telophase, the cell is nearly finished dividing, and it starts to re-establish normal internal structures as cytokinesis takes place. The mitotic spindle is broken down into its building blocks. Two new nuclei form, one for each set of chromosomes. Nuclear membranes and nucleoli reappear. The chromosomes begin to decondense and return to their "stringy" form.

Difference between plant and animal cytokinesis

?

What is mitosis

Division of the nucleus and its chromosomes From Khan academy: Broadly speaking, mitosis simply refers to a type of cell division in which one cell (the mother) divides to produce two new cells (the daughters) that are genetically identical to itself. However, in the context of the cell cycle, mitosis also has a narrower definition: it refers to just one part of the overall division process, the part in which the DNA of the nucleus is split into two equal sets of chromosomes.

In what phase of mitosis do chromatids separate and single chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell

anaphase

Mistosis is the same as

asexual reproduction- there is only one parent cell before mitosis

Mitosis occurs in what type of cells-

eukaryotes- have nucleus

Looking at cell in microscope, you see all chromosomes lined up in teh middle of the cell. what phase of mitosis are you looking at?

metaphase

Difference between mitosis and meiosis?

mitosis occurs in many areas of the body; meiosis occurs only in tests and ovaries mitosis results in diploid cells; meiosis results in haploid cells mitosis results in cells identical to teh original cell; meiosis results in cells with half the DNA of the original cell

Binary fission occurs in what type of cells-

prokaryotes- (no nucleus). Ex. bacteria

What are the 4 major stages of mitosis

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Purpose of cell division

replace dying cells, asexual reproduction of single celled organisms, growth of organism (NOT A purpose- formation of smaller cells with each division)

What happens during anaphase

spindle fibers attached to the two sister chromatids of each chromosome contract and separate chromosomes which move to opposite poles of the cell Khan academy- In anaphase, the sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell. Cohesin, the protein "glue" that holds the sister chromatids together, is broken down, allowing them to separate. Each is now considered its own chromosome. The microtubules attached to the chromosomes (kinetochore microtubules) get shorter, pulling chromosomes towards the poles. Microtubules not attached to chromosomes (non-kinetochore microtubules) elongate and push apart, separating the poles and making the cell longer. All of these processes are driven by motor proteins, molecular machines that can "walk" along microtubule tracks and carry a cargo. In mitosis, motor proteins carry chromosomes or other microtubules as they walk.

What happens during metaphase

sprindle apparatus attaches to sister chromatids of each chromosome. all the chromosomes line up at the equator of the spindle. Tight condensed form. Khan academy- In metaphase, the spindle has captured all the chromosomes and lined them up at the middle of the cell, ready to divide. All the chromosomes align at the metaphase plate (not a physical structure, just a term for the plane where the chromosomes line up). At this stage, the two kinetochores of each chromosome should be attached to microtubules from opposite spindle poles.

What happens during prophase

the DNA and proteins start to condense. The two centrioles move toward the opposite end of the cell in animals or microtubules are assembled in plants to form a spindle. The nuclear envelope and nucleolus also start to break up Khan academy- In early prophase, the cell starts to break down some structures and build others up, setting the stage for division of the chromosomes. The chromosomes start to condense (making them easier to pull apart later on). The mitotic spindle begins to form. The spindle is a structure made of microtubules, strong fibers that are part of the cell's "skeleton." Its job is to organize the chromosomes and move them around during mitosis. In prophase, the spindle grows between the centrosomes as they move apart. The nucleolus (or nucleoli, plural), a part of the nucleus where ribosomes are made, disappears. This is a sign that the nucleus is getting ready to break down. In late prophase (sometimes also called prometaphase), the mitotic spindle begins to capture and organize the chromosomes. The chromosomes finish condensing, so they are very compact. The nuclear envelope breaks down, releasing the chromosomes. The mitotic spindle grows more, and some of the microtubules start to "capture" chromosomes.

What is cytokinesis

the division of the cytoplasm to form two new cells, overlaps with the final stages of mitosis. It may start in either anaphase or telophase, depending on the cell, and finishes shortly after telophase. Cytokinesis is the process in which cytoplasm divides following nucleus division. -

When does a cell go through mitosis

when a living organism needs new cells to repair damage, grow, or just maintain its condition