MKT 3323 Exam #3

Which of the following statements is true regarding active and inactive consumer problems?

Active problems require the marketer only to convince consumers that its brand is the superior solution.

What has research revealed regarding consumers' variety-seeking behavior?

Consumers are more likely to become bored on sensory attributes such as taste.

One difficulty with using intuition alone to identify consumer problems is that it is a complex research technique that requires extensive training.

False

The level of one's desire to resolve a particular problem depends on two factors: the actual state and the desired state.

False

The three types of decision making are rebuy, limited, and extended.

False

Universal problem recognition involves a discrepancy that a variety of brands within a product category can reduce.

False

When a consumer's actual state is perceived as being greater than the desired state, recognition of a problem does not occur.

False

Which of the following is a major PRIZM life stage group? A. Urban B. Town & Rural C. Second City D. Strivers E. Family Life

Family Life

Which of the following is NOT a global lifestyle segment identified by Roper Starch Worldwide? A. Strivers B. Devouts C. Intimates D. Creatives E. Rustics

Rustics

Nominal decision making is sometimes referred to as habitual decision making.

True

Problem recognition is the first stage of the consumer decision process.

True

Problem recognition is the result of a discrepancy between a desired state and an actual state that is sufficient to arouse and activate the decision process.

True

Two distinct categories of nominal decision making are brand loyal decisions and repeat purchase decisions.

True

Variety-seeking behavior is a challenge to marketers because it means the consumers switch brands for reasons beyond a company's control.

True

Which of the following is an approach to problem identification?

all of the above

Which of the following is one of Experian's technology profiles based on an extensive analysis of attitudes, lifestyle, and adoption and usage patterns related to technology? A. Wizards B. Journeymen C. Apprentices D. Novices E. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is typically included in a psychographic or lifestyle study? A. attitudes B. values C. activities and interests D. demographics E. all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is a nonmarketing factor affecting problem recognition?

all of the above

Approach-Avoidance Conflict

consumer facing a purchase choice with both positive and negative consequences

Approach-Approach Conflict

consumer who must choose from two attractive alternatives

Comparative ads

directly compare the features or benefits of two or more brands

Two basic approaches to causing problem recognition are _____.

generic problem recognition and selective problem recognition

Nominal decision making is sometimes referred to as _____.

habitual decision making

The person present during a focus group discussion that keeps the discussion moving and focused on the topic is called a(n) _____.

moderator

Which type of consumer decision making does NOT include alternative evaluation?

nominal decision making

Which type of consumer decision making only includes the stages of problem recognition, limited internal information search, purchase, and limited postpurchase behavior?

nominal decision making

Which of the following drives problem recognition?

the consumer's perception of the actual state

Which of the following is a concern marketing managers have related to problem recognition?

all of the above

How many PRIZM segments are there? A. 8 B. 10 C. 38 D. 54 E. 66

66

_____ percent of women in a study reported in the Dove consumer insight perceived their actual beauty to fall short of their ideal. A. 98 B. 10 C. 50 D. 25 E. 30

98

Self-image congruity influences on brand preference and choice depend on which of the following? A. individual factors B. product factors C. situational factors D. A and B E. A, B, and C

A, B, and C

A completely nominal decision does not even include consideration of _____.

the "do not purchase" alternative

Jonathon is a career-oriented person. He values predictability over change. Premium products are important to him to show friends he is successful. To which VALS segment does Jonathon belong? A. Achievers B. Makers C. Believers D. Experiencers E. Innovators

Achievers

Which of the following is a global lifestyle segment identified by Roper Starch Worldwide? A. Experiencers B. Young & Rustic C. Young Digerati D. Altruists E. Innovators

Altruists

Janice is a 48-year-old married woman who uses technology as a major source of information and shopping. She has a DVD drive on her computer and enjoys satellite radio, but would do more if she could afford it. To which technology segment does Janice belong? A. Novices B. Gatherers C. Apprentices D. Enthusiasts E. Journeymen

Apprentices

Which VALS segment consists of consumers who are strongly traditional, conservative, and motivated by ideals? A. Achievers B. Makers C. Believers D. Experiencers E. Innovators

Believers

Which of the following is a VALS segment of consumers? A. Traditionalists B. Minimalists C. Blue Blood Estates D. Believers E. Enthusiasts

Believers

Which of the following is a lifestyle segment of Porsche owners? A. Enthusiasts B. Fast Forwards C. Traditionalists D. Bon Vivants E. all of the above

Bon Vivants

Which global elite luxury segment loves prestige brands? A. Conspicuous Consumers B. Information Seekers C. Sensation Seekers D. Utilitarian Consumers E. Blue Bloods

Conspicuous Consumers

Which global lifestyle segment values duty, tradition, faith, obedience, and respect for elders? A. Strivers B. Devouts C. Altruists D. Intimates E. Creatives

Devouts

Which of the following is NOT one of Experian's technology profiles? A. Wizards B. Journeymen C. Apprentices D. Enthusiasts E. Novices

Enthusiasts

Graham is a college student who is impulsive and somewhat rebellious. He seeks out variety and excitement, usually looking for something new, offbeat, and risky. Even though he was old enough, he didn't vote in the last presidential election and is not very interested in world events. To which VALS segment does Graham belong? A. Experiencers B. Strivers C. Survivors D. Makers E. Believers

Experiencers

An latent problem is one of which the consumer is not aware.

False

If purchase involvement is high, then enduring product involvement will also be high.

False

Christina lives in Japan, and she and her friends value adventure, pleasure, and excitement. They are heavy users of electronic media; are fashion conscious; and like going to restaurants, bars, and clubs. To which global lifestyle segment identified by Roper Starch Worldwide do Christina and her friends belong? A. Strivers B. Altruists C. Intimates D. Fun Seekers E. Creatives

Fun Seekers

Which VALS segment of consumers comprises successful, sophisticated, active, take-charge people with high self-esteem and abundant resources who are driven by a mix of motivations? A. Achievers B. Makers C. Innovators D. Thinkers E. Experiencers

Innovators

Consumers in which technology segment are young and established, knowledgeable and confident in their use of new technology, and just a notch down from Wizards in their enthusiasm for technology? A. Seekers B. Techno-Strivers C. Journeymen D. Apprentices E. Media Junkies

Journeymen

_____ is how a person lives. A. Personality B. Self-concept C. Lifestyle D. Subculture E. Consumption

Lifestyle

What is the premise underlying geodemographic analyses? A. Age is the primary factor influencing lifestyle. B. Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by demographic factors. C. Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by education. D. Lifestyle cannot be measured, that is why geographic and demographic variables are analyzed. E. Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is based on primary motivations and resources.

Lifestyle, and thus consumption, is largely driven by demographic factors.

Leonard is a hardworking individual who works for himself and can do just about any construction or carpentry job around. He builds cabinets primarily, but he has also done masonry work. His idea of fun is fixing his truck, and several of his friends and family have him work on their cars as well. He is unimpressed by material possessions other than those with a practical or functional purpose. To which VALS segment does Leonard belong? A. Experiencers B. Strivers C. Survivors D. Makers E. Believers

Makers

Sarah is a retired grandmother of two who is resistant to change. Her grandchildren have managed to teach her how to e-mail them at college, but she doesn't want to do more. To which technology segment does Sarah belong? A. Wizards B. Journeymen C. Apprentices D. Novices E. Mouse Potatoes

Novices

Which consumer technology segment is mature, is retired, has a low household income, and is confused by technology? A. Journeymen B. Gatherers C. Apprentices D. Novices E. Traditionalists

Novices

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding problem recognition?

Only when the desired state is greater than the actual state will a problem exist.

Which PRIZM segment consists of consumers who are evolving into older "empty-nester" couples as their children grow up and leave home; live in older, stable neighborhoods with pools and patios in their backyard; and are white-collar professionals? A. Urban Achievers B. Blue Blood Estates C. Bohemian Mix D. Pools & Patios E. Town & Rural

Pools & Patios

Tess noticed that she was almost out of shampoo. Which stage of the decision process will this observation activate?

Problem recognition

_____ is the result of a discrepancy between a desired state and an actual state that is sufficient to arouse and activate the decision process?

Problem recognition

Rod purchased a Porsche to satisfy himself, not to impress others. He sees this car as a reward for his hard work. To which segment of Porsche owners does Rod belong? A. Top Guns B. Elitists C. Proud Patrons D. Bon Vivants E. Fantasists

Proud Patrons

Which PRIZM social group is characterized by smaller, less densely populated cities or satellites to major cities? A. Urban B. Suburban C. Second City D. Town & Rural E. Rural

Second City

Michelle has been told she has an eye for fashion. She is not afraid to wear brightly colored clothes with strong patterns. She doesn't need to read Vogue to know what looks good on her. Michelle belongs to the global elite ______ segment of luxury consumers. A. Conspicuous Consumers B. Information Seekers C. Sensation Seekers D. Fashionista E. Nouveaux Riches

Sensation Seekers

Which VALS segment of consumers is style conscious and trendy, has limited income, and feels life isn't fair? A. Experiencers B. Strivers C. Survivors D. Makers E. Believers

Strivers

Which VALS segment of consumers leads the most constricted lives, living simply on limited incomes with a focus on safety and security? A. Experiencers B. Strivers C. Survivors D. Makers E. Believers

Survivors

Which of the following is NOT an appropriate condition to attempt to influence generic problem recognition?

The firm has a small percentage of the market.

With respect to the specific lifestyle scheme developed by Porsche, which segment of consumers is ambitious and driven, values power and control, and expects to be noticed? A. Top Guns B. Elitists C. Proud Patrons D. Bon Vivants E. Fantasists

Top Guns

David is a retired attorney who is satisfied and comfortable with his life. He keeps informed about the world by reading three newspapers a day and attends lectures at the senior activity center near his home. He is very content with his life, and he tends to center his leisure activities around his home. He plans his purchases carefully and looks for functionality, value, and durability in the products he buys. Which VALS segment best describes David? A. Achievers B. Makers C. Innovators D. Thinkers E. Experiencers

Thinkers

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding self-concept and culture? A. The self-concept is important in all cultures. B. Those aspects of the self that are most valued and most influence consumption and other behaviors do not vary across cultures. C. An independent construal of the self is based on the predominant Western cultural belief that individuals are inherently separate. D. An interdependent construal of the self is based on the common Asian cultural belief in the fundamental connectedness of human beings. E. All of the above are true.

Those aspects of the self that are most valued and most influence consumption and other behaviors do not vary across cultures.

A consumer's desired state can be influenced by previous decisions.

True

Approaches to discovering consumer problems include activity analysis, product analysis, problem analysis, human factors research, and emotion research.

True

Attempts to influence generic problem recognition are appropriate for brands that have a high market share.

True

Firms attempt to cause selective problem recognition to gain or maintain market share.

True

Which segment of Experian online shoppers is driven by the desire for new technology as a means for improving all aspects of life? A. Minimalists B. Wizards C. Journeymen D. Apprentices E. Novices

Wizards

Which technology segment is characterized by the statement "technology is life"? These folks are enthusiastic and adventurous users of new technology. A. Wizards B. Journeymen C. Apprentices D. Novices E. Enthusiasts

Wizards

Carl is middle age and single. He has a high school education and works at a hotel as a desk clerk. He lives in a tiny apartment. Even though he doesn't have a high income, he tries to live an active life attending sporting events, and sometimes he brings a date with him. To which PRIZM group does Carl belong? A. Young Digerati B. Bohemian Mix C. Young & Rustic D. Big Fish, Small Pond E. Minimalists

Young & Rustic

Sponsorship

a company providing financial support for an event

Emma noticed that she was almost out of gas, so she pulled into the nearest gas station and filled up her tank. Emma's decision on which gas to purchase is characterized by _____.

a low level of purchase involvement

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

a macro theory designed to account for most human behavior in general terms

Testimonial ad

a person, generally a typical member of the target market recounts his or her successful use of the product, service, or idea

Which of the following is a type of consumer decision making discussed in your text?

a, b, and c

Bob is a consumer who strives for a clear social position and is strongly influenced by the actions, approval, and opinions of others. He drives an expensive automobile and only buys brands of clothing that are considered "status symbols." Which primary motivation is driving Bob's behavior? A. ideals motivation B. achievement motivation C. self-expression motivation D. realist motivation E. focused motivation

achievement motivation

Consumers driven by which primary motivation strive for a clear social position, are strongly influenced by the actions, approval, and opinions of others, and tend to purchase status symbols? A. ideals motivation B. achievement motivation C. self-expression motivation D. realist motivation E. focused motivation

achievement motivation

Many elderly consumers have problems with arthritis. This painful condition makes it almost impossible for them to open jars or medicine containers because the joints in their fingers are so stiff. Which type of consumer problem is this?

active

Which type of consumer problem is one the consumer is aware of or will become aware of in the normal course of events?

active

What are the types of consumer problems?

active and inactive

Kim was participating in a focus group in which the discussion centered around the participants' problems encountered while taking care of their hair. Which approach to problem identification is this?

activity analysis

Which approach to problem identification focuses on a particular activity such as lawn maintenance?

activity analysis

Renee sat down and did some serious soul searching. She wanted to understand her perception of her self-concept of who she is now. Renee is searching for her _____. A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. present self-concept

actual self-concept

Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I am now? A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. present self-concept

actual self-concept

A(n) _____ is the way an individual perceives his or her feelings and situation to be at the present time.

actual state

Bessie is at the grocery store and is trying to remember some of the things she needs to buy. She is in the cleaning products aisle looking at the floor cleaning products. She's pretty sure she has another bottle left at home, so she doesn't purchase another. Bessie's perception of her current situation regarding this product reflects her ____.

actual state

A new study suggests there is a cross-cultural group with similar values and consumption patterns based on luxury known as the global elite. What are the segments? A. Conspicuous Consumers B. Information Seekers C. Sensation Seekers D. A and B E. all of the above

all of the above

Which condition is appropriate to attempt to influence generic problem recognition?

all of the above

Attitude

an enduring organization of motivational, emotional, perceptual, and cognitive processes with respect to some aspect of our environment

Spokescharacters

animated people or animals

Aesthetic appeal

appearance, sensory experience

Temporal perspectives

are situational characteristics that deal with the effect of time on consumer behavior

Promotion-focused motives

around a desire for growth and development and are related to consumers hopes and aspirations. works best for shoppers buying for future travel

Value-expressive appeals

attempts to build a personality for the product or create an image of the product user

Individuals with independent self-concepts tend to be _____. A. autonomous B. holistic C. connected D. obedient E. all of the above

autonomous

The extent to which an individual includes important brands as part of his or her self-concept is known as(the) _____. A. acquisition effect B. brand engagement C. materialistic effect D. endowment effect E. evaluation effect

brand engagement

Brad was out of soft drinks in his dorm room, so he went to the store and purchased Coke. This is the brand he always buys, and he would not even consider purchasing another brand. Which type of nominal decision does this illustrate?

brand loyal decision

Which type of nominal decision is characterized by a fairly high degree of product involvement but a low degree of purchase involvement?

brand loyal decision

Nominal decisions can be broken into which two distinct categories?

brand loyal decisions and repeat purchase decisions

Avoidance-Avoidance

choice involving only undesirable outcomes

Which of the following is NOT a type of consumer decision making discussed in your text?

complex decision making

Source Credibility

consist of trustworthiness and expertise

Which nonmarketing factor affects a consumer's desired state?

culture/subculture

Emotional ads

designed primarily to elicit a positive affective response rather than to provide info or arguments

A(n) _____ is the way an individual wants to feel or be at the present time.

desired state

Candice is on a diet and wants to lose 10 pounds. She wants to be thin right now, which represents her _____.

desired state

Latent motives

either were unknown to the consumer or were such that he or she was reluctant to admit them

One retailer asked a group of consumers the types of emotions they experience in both positive and negative retail situations. The purpose of this research was to uncover consumer reactions to various situations so that clerks could be trained to respond appropriately. Which approach to problem recognition is this?

emotion research

Which approach to problem recognition examines emotions associated with certain problems?

emotion research

Gratitude

emotional appreciation for benefits received

The Smith's oldest daughter, Olivia, is a senior in high school. She has all "A's" and scored a 34 on the ACT. She is president of the debate team and the national honor society as well as a member of the cheerleading squad. Olivia wants to attend medical school, so both she and her parents are very concerned about which undergraduate school she attends. They have spent countless hours on the Internet examining universities, and they have already visited five campuses. For Olivia and her parents, which type of decision making does this represent?

extended decision making

Very high levels of purchase involvement tend to produce _____.

extended decision making

Which type of decision making involves an extensive internal and external information search followed by a complex evaluation of multiple alternatives and significant postpurchase evaluation?

extended decision making

Carla and her family lost their home and everything in it in to a fire. People would console her by saying that at least her family was not harmed and that everything else can be replaced. She would reply, "I know it was just stuff, but it was our stuff and was special to us." This is reflecting Carla's _____. A. self-concept B. extended self C. past self D. ideal self E. personal self

extended self

Affective component

feeling or emotional reactions to an object

Mickey and his three roommates were asked to participate in a research study. They arrived and were seated in a room with about 8 other guys their age. Then the researcher started asking them questions about their sporting activities, but he let them talk pretty freely. Mickey and the others participated in which type of research technique?

focus group

Which type of research technique gathers 8 to 12 similar individuals (e.g., working mothers) brought together to discuss a particular topic?

focus group

Campbell's soup used several advertising campaigns that stressed the benefits of soup in general. For example, one tagline used was "Soup is good food," and another was "Never underestimate the power of soup." Which type of problem recognition was Campbell's attempting to stimulate?

generic problem recognition

Which problem recognition involves a discrepancy that a variety of brands within a product category can reduce?

generic problem recognition

Beiersdorf is working to have their Nivea for Men brand introduced and publicized in America in order to _____.

have men recognize a problem with respect to facial care

Before doing most things, Erin considers what others will think of her actions and how her behavior will affect them. Others' opinions and feelings really matter to her, more so than most people she knows. Erin is an example of a(n) _____. A. independent B. thinker C. high self-monitor D. low self-monitor E. conspicuous consumer

high self-monitor

Consumers who place heavy weight on the opinions and feelings of others are called _____. A. independents B. interdependents C. high self-monitors D. low self-monitors E. conspicuous consumers

high self-monitors

Ambivalent attitude

holding mixed beliefs and/or feelings about an attitude object

Relative importance of a problem is determined by which of the following?

how critical the problem is to the maintenance of the consumer's desired lifestyle

The manager of a bank branch is concerned about the number of mistakes the tellers were making, so he started manipulating different aspects of the environment in the bank to see what effect each has on the tellers' performance. He examined factors such as the lighting, temperature, and the volume of the music playing in the bank. Which approach to problem recognition is this manager using?

human factors research

Which approach to problem recognition attempts to determine human capabilities in areas such as vision, strength, response time, flexibility, and fatigue and the effect on these capabilities of lighting, temperature, and sound?

human factors research

Charles was examining his perception of himself as whom he would like to be. Charles is examining his _____. A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. present self-concept

ideal self-concept

Which dimension of self-concept refers to the individual's perception of who I would like to be? A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. future self-concept

ideal self-concept

In the VALS typology, which primary motivation is characteristic of consumers guided in their choices by their beliefs and principles rather than by feelings or desire for social approval? A. ideals motivation B. achievement motivation C. self-expression motivation D. realist motivation E. focused motivation

ideals motivation

Pamela is a consumer who is guided in her choices by her beliefs and principles rather than by feelings or desire for social approval. She tends to purchase products based on functionality and reliability. Which primary motive is guiding Pamela's behavior? A. ideals motivation B. achievement motivation C. self-expression motivation D. realist motivation E. focused motivation

ideals motivation

Five-Factor Model

identifies 5 basic traits formed by genetics and early learning, extroversion, instability, agreeableness, openness to experience, conscientiousness

The Martin's home has potentially unsafe levels of radon, but they have no idea because it is odorless and they have not been feeling any ill effects from it. In fact, several homes have this problem and the owners are not aware of it, and they may never become aware of it unless testing is done. What type of consumer problem is this?

inactive

Which type of consumer problem is one on which the consumer is not aware?

inactive

Self-concepts have been categorized into two types, which are _____. A. primary and secondary B. manifest and latent C. independent and interdependent D. yin and yang E. direct and indirect

independent and interdependent

Individuals with which type of self-concept are more likely to seek adventure and excitement through travel, sports, and entertainment; to be opinion leaders; and to prefer magazines over TV? A. independents B. interdependents C. self-monitors D. idealists E. doers

independents

Personality

individual's characteristic response tendencies across similar situations

Individuals with which type of self-concept tend to be obedient, sociocentric, holistic, connected, and relation oriented? A. group self-concept B. individual self-concept C. interdependent self-concept D. independent self-concept E. connected self-concept

interdependent self-concept

Individuals with which type of self-concept are more likely to engage in home and domestic-related activities and entertainment, including cooking at home and from scratch? A. independents B. interdependents C. self-monitors D. idealists E. doers

interdependents

Rudy is a product category manager for a major consumer packaged goods manufacturer. Part of his job requires that he analyze a given product category and logically determine where improvements could be made. Rudy has determined several consumer problems this way. Which of the following best describes how Rudy uncovers consumer problems?

intuition

What is the most common approach to discovering consumer problems?

intuition

Coping

involves consumer thoughts and behaviors in reaction to a stress-inducing situation designed to reduce stress and achieve more desired positive emotions

Which of the following is considered an outward expression of one's self-concept? A. demographics B. geographics C. lifestyle D. attitudes E. aspirations

lifestyle

Marla is bored with her cell phone. She wants to purchase a new one that has cool ring tones and can take a picture. She's not going to conduct a big search for a new phone as she's just going to consider a few others. Which type of decision making is this?

limited decision making

Which type of consumer decision making includes the evaluation of only a few attributes, simple decision rules, and few alternatives?

limited decision making

Which type of decision making covers the middle ground between nominal and extended decision making?

limited decision making

Which type of decision making involves internal and external search, few alternatives, simple decision rules on a few attributes, and little postpurchase evaluation?

limited decision making

Blake doesn't much care about cars but is engaging in a substantial amount of information search about cars since he is about to buy a new car. In terms of involvement, Blake is _____.

low in product involvement; high in purchase involvement

Self-image congruity really doesn't matter much to Sam, particularly because he doesn't usually consider the opinions of others or their feelings when he acts. Sam would be described as a(n) _____. A. independent B. thinker C. high self-monitor D. low self-monitor E. conspicuous consumer

low self-monitor

Consumers who do not place heavy weight on the opinions and feelings of others are called _____. A. independents B. interdependents C. high self-monitors D. low self-monitors E. conspicuous consumers

low self-monitors

The tendency of an owner to evaluate an object more favorably than a nonowner is called the _____. A. personal bias effect B. personal relevance effect C. mere ownership effect D. possessive effect E. mere exposure effect

mere ownership effect

Carmen was participating in a psychographic study, and several questions pertained to activities and interests. Questions regarding this aspect of lifestyle include which of the following? A. evaluative statements about other people, places, ideas, products, and so forth B. widely held beliefs about what is acceptable or desirable C. nonoccupational behaviors to which consumers devote time and effort, such as hobbies, sports, public service, and church D. age, education, income, occupation, family structure, ethnic background, gender, and geographic location E. specific media the consumers utilize

nonoccupational behaviors to which consumers devote time and effort, such as hobbies, sports, public service, and church

All EXCEPT which of the following nonmarketing factor affects consumers' desired state?

normal depletion

Attribute framing

only a single attribute is the focus of the fram e

An experience that surpasses the usual level of intensity, meaningfulness, and richness and produces feelings of joy and self-fulfillment is known as a(n) _____. A. peak experience B. defining moment C. ultimate experience D. ideal experience E. intense experience

peak experience

For which type of product is self-image congruity likely to matter more? A. vacuum B. laundry detergent C. perfume D. paper towel E. lawn mower

perfume

The extended self consists of the self plus _____. A. all others B. family members C. friends D. possessions E. the ideal self

possessions

Mere Exposure

presenting a brand to an individual on a large number of occasions might make the individual attitude toward the brand more positive.

Two-sided message

presenting both good and bad points

What are the two dimensions of the VALS typology of consumers? A. age and gender B. age and stage of family life cycle C. stage of family life cycle and resources D. primary motivation and resources E. primary motivation and age

primary motivation and resources

Kerri is searching within herself and trying to determine how she would like to be to herself. Kerri is seeking her _____. A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. present self-concept

private self-concept

Which dimension of self refers to how I am or would like to be to myself? A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. present self-concept

private self-concept

A food manufacturer asked a group of working mothers to think about the problem of serving nutritious meals to their families given their time constraints and to indicate what activities, products, or brands are associated with or perhaps could eliminate those problems. This manufacturer is using which approach to problem recognition?

problem analysis

Which approach to problem recognition starts with a problem and asks respondents to indicate which activities, products, or brands are associated with (or perhaps could eliminate) those problems?

problem analysis

What is the first stage of the consumer decision process?

problem recognition

A manufacturer of a digital music player asked several consumers the problems associated with using these types of products. Several consumers said that they had trouble downloading music onto their computers and then onto their music players. Which approach to problem recognition is this marketer using?

product analysis

Which approach to problem recognition examines the purchase or use of a particular product or brand?

product analysis

Which of the following is a nonmarketing factor affecting consumers' actual state?

product/brand performance

Attempts to develop quantitative measures of lifestyle were initially referred to as _____, which is a term that is frequently used interchangeably with lifestyle. A. demographics B. lifeographics C. household life cycle D. psychographics E. personality

psychographics

The level of concern for, or interest in, the purchase process triggered by the need to consider a particular purchase is known as _____.

purchase involvement

A firm that introduces a new line of non-fat snack food due to increasing consumer concern with health is _____.

reacting to problem recognition

Which of the following is NOT a primary motivation on which the VALS typology is based? A. ideals motivation B. achievement motivation C. self-expression motivation D. realist motivation E. All of the above are primary motivations in the VALS typology.

realist motivation

All EXCEPT which of the following nonmarketing factors affect a consumer's actual state?

reference group

Rita is doing her family's grocery shopping and purchases ice cream. She's purchased Blue Bell ice cream before and purchases it again. She's not committed to this brand; it's just that she and her family like it. Which type of nominal decision is this?

repeat purchase decision

Which type of nominal decision is characterized by a consumer believing that all brands within a given product category are about the same and not attaching much importance to the product category or purchase?

repeat purchase decision

Prevention-focused motives

revolve around a desire for safety and security and are related to consumers' sense of duties and obligations. worked best for last minute shoppers

Benefit segmentation

segmenting consumers on the basis of their most important attribute

An advertisement for Topol toothpaste, which is targeted at smokers and coffee and wine drinkers, stresses how this is the only brand that can remove the stains associated with these consumption behaviors. Which type of problem recognition is this marketer attempting to stimulate?

selective problem recognition

Which problem recognition involves a discrepancy that only one brand can solve?

selective problem recognition

The totality of the individual's thoughts and feelings having reference to himself or herself as an object is known as _____. A. self-concept B. lifestyle C. self-profile D. personal space E. ideal-self

self-concept

Action-oriented consumers who strive to express their individuality through their choices and purchase experiences are driven by which primary motivation? A. ideals motivation B. achievement motivation C. self-expression motivation D. realist motivation E. focused motivation

self-expression motivation

Marty is an action-oriented consumer, and he strives to express his individuality through his choices. He purchases products and services for the experience they can provide him rather than what they might say about him to others. Which primary motivation is guiding Marty's behavior? A. ideals motivation B. achievement motivation C. self-expression motivation D. realist motivation E. focused motivation

self-expression motivation

What is the most common measurement approach to measuring self-concept? A. semantic differential B. Likert items C. 100-point constant-sum scale D. nominal variables E. open-ended questions

semantic differential

A market researcher asked Adam to place an "X" on one of the seven spaces that are placed between several sets of adjectives that best represents how he sees himself on those two opposite adjectives. This is the most common approach to measuring self-concept and is known as _____. A. semantic differentials B. Likert items C. a 100-point constant-sum scale D. nominal variables E. open-ended questions

semantic differentials

Servicescape

service business like a hospital, bank, restaurant

Regulatory focus theory

suggest that consumers will react differently depending on which broad set of motives is most salient

Store atmosphere

sum of all the physical features of a retail environment

ffective quality control and distribution and package inserts that assure the consumer of the wisdom of their purchase are attempts at _____.

suppressing problem recognition

Which research technique asks relatively large numbers of individuals about the problems they are facing?

survey

The level of one's desire to resolve a particular problem depends on which factors?

the magnitude of the discrepancy between the desired and actual states and the relative importance of the problem

Moods

transient feeling states that are generally not tied to a specif event or object

Which of the following is a major PRIZM social group? A. urban B. family life C. mature years D. younger years E. all of the above

urban

Which of the following PRIZM factors is determined by population density, relates to where people live, and is strongly related to the lifestyles people lead? A. ethnicity B. geodemographics C. urbanicity D. life stage E. consensus

urbanicity

James likes to eat a strawberry Pop-Tart for breakfast before school. After about two weeks of this, he starts to get bored with that and switches to waffles. James is displaying which type of behavior?

variety-seeking

Demand

willingness to buy a particular product or service

Which type of decision making process in effect involves no decision per se?

nominal decision making

Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding consumer decisions and the consumer decision process?

Consumer decisions are rational and functional; otherwise they do not involve

Antecedent states

Features of the individual person that are not lasting characteristics

Which of the following is a dimension of a consumer's self-concept? A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. all of the above

all of the above

Which type of consumer decision making involves the evaluation of many attributes and alternatives and employs complex decision rules?

extended decision making

Amber tends to be individualistic and prefers to do things her own way. She lives on her own and decides for herself what she wants to do or how to do things. Which type of self-concept describes Amber? A. primary self-concept B. individual self-concept C. interdependent self-concept D. independent self-concept E. connected self-concept

independent self-concept

Which type of self-concept emphasizes personal goals, characteristics, achievements, and desires? A. primary self-concept B. individual self-concept C. interdependent self-concept D. independent self-concept E. connected self-concept

independent self-concept

One of the major distinctions of self-concept is between _____ and _____, which is also related to an important value dimension in the United States and abroad. A. private self-concept; public self-concept B. personal self-concept; interpersonal self-concept C. actual self-concept; ideal self-concept D. independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept E. present self-concept; future self-concept

independent self-concept; interdependent self-concept

Barbara derives the meaning of herself from her relationships with her family. She has never sought a career of her own, and she is most happy when she is "taking care of someone." If her grandchildren do not like what is prepared for dinner, she will make them something else. Which type of self-concept does Barbara have? A. role-based self-concept B. individual self-concept C. interdependent self-concept D. independent self-concept E. connected self-concept

interdependent self-concept

Which type of self-concept emphasizes family, cultural, professional, and social relationships? A. group self-concept B. individual self-concept C. interdependent self-concept D. independent self-concept E. connected self-concept

interdependent self-concept

Utilitarian appeals

involves informing the consumer of one or more functional benefits that are important to the target market

Motive 354

is a construct representing an unobservable inner force that stimulates and compels a behavioral response and provides specific direction to that response

Task definition

is the reason the consumption activity is occurring

Goal framing

is where the messages stresses either the positive or negative consequences

Involvement

motivational state caused by consumer perceptions that a product, brand, or advertisement is relevant or interesting

Manifest motives

motives that are known and freely admitted

Embarrassment

negative emotion influenced by both the product and the situation

Which type of consumer decision making includes only a limited internal information search and no external search for information?

nominal decision making

One-sided messages

one point of view is expressed

Behavioral component

one's tendency to respond in a certain manner toward an object or activity

Projective techniques

or motivation research, designed to provide info on latent motives

Consumer emotional intelligence

person's ability to skillfully use emotional information to achieve a desirable consumer outcome

Motivation

reason for behavior

Message framing

refers to presenting one or two equivalent value outcomes either in positive or negative terms

Consumer Ethnocentrism

reflects an individual difference in consumers' propensity to be biased against the purchase of foreign products

Jennifer sees herself as a loving, caring mother and wife. She also sees herself as an accomplished professional. Finally, she sees herself as a good citizen and devoutly religious person who takes the concerns of others seriously and tries to make the world a better place for those less fortunate than she and her family. This totality of Jennifer's thoughts and feelings about herself is known as her _____. A. inner peace B. inner self C. self-concept D. personal identity E. self-identity

self-concept

Brand Personality

set of human characteristics that become associated with a brand

Richard is reassessing his life and asking himself, "How am I seen by others?" He is also asking himself, "How would I like to be seen by others?" Richard is seeking his _____. A. actual self-concept B. ideal self-concept C. private self-concept D. social self-concept E. real self-concept

social self-concept

Ritual situations

socially defined occasion that triggers a set of interrelated behaviors that occur in a structured format and that have symbolic meaning

Social surroundings

the other individuals present in the particular situation

Atmospherics

the process managers use to manipulate the physical retail environment to create specific mood responses

Purchase situations 474

the situation in which a person is made

Fear appeals

the threat of negative (unpleasant) consequences if attitudes or behaviors are not altered

Elaboration likelihood model (ELM)

theory about how attributes are formed and changed under varying conditions of involvement