MKT 4460: Chapter 11
Identify the scales of measurement that are associated with parametric statistics. (Check all that apply.)
-Interval scales -Ratio scales
Identify the true statements about the mean as a measure of central tendency. (Check all that apply.)
-It is fairly insensitive to the addition or deletion of data values. -It can be calculated when the data scale is either ratio or interval.
Identify the true statements about the median as a measure of central tendency. (Check all that apply.)
-It is particularly helpful as a central tendency measure for ordinal data. -It is useful for data values that are distorted to either the left or the right.
Identify the measures of central tendency. (Check all that apply.)
-mean -median -mode
Identify the measures of dispersion. (Check all that apply.)
-range -standard deviation
Determine the median value for the following distribution: 18, 15, 16, 14, 13, 12, 19.
15 (the middle number)
Determine the mean for the following data set: 2, 5, 7, 12, 8, 17, 19, 18.
2+5+7+12+8+17+19+18=88/8=11
Calculate the mean for the following distribution: 3, 4, 4, 9, 7, 6, 2, 5, 5.
5
Calculate the mode for the following data values: 3, 5, 7, 9, 5, 6, 4, 5, 2, 1, 3.
5 (the number that appears the most)
Determine the mode value for the following data distribution: 29, 56, 89, 45, 26, 29, 33, 42, 45, 56, 54, 25, 26, 56, 39.
56
Which of the following describes how close to a measure of central tendency the rest of the values in the distribution fall?
A measure of dispersion
Which of the following assesses how closely observed frequencies fit the pattern of the expected frequencies and is referred to as a "goodness-of-fit" test? -A t-test -A Z-test -Analysis of variance (ANOVA) -Chi-square analysis
Chi-square analysis
Which of the following provides answers to questions about relationships between categorically scaled data that cannot be evaluated with other types of statistical analysis?
Chi-square analysis
Identify a true statement about cross-tabulation.
It is used to determine if there is a difference between subgroups of the total sample.
Nominal -> Ordinal -> Interval or ratio ->
None Percentile Standard deviation
-It identifies differences between all pairs of means at low and high ranges of confidence intervals. -It holds experimental error rate to α, which causes wider confidence intervals than in other methods.
Scheffé procedure
Identify a true statement about bar charts
They are excellent tools to display both relative and absolute magnitudes, differences, and change.
Which of the following is true of mean, median, and mode?
They locate the center of a distribution.
A statistical technique that determines whether three or more means are statistically different from one another is called
analysis of variance (ANOVA)
It does not identify which pairs of means are significantly different from one another.
analysis of variance (ANOVA)
A(n) shows tabulated data in the form of bars that may be horizontally or vertically oriented.
bar chart
-It gives research analysts a strong tool to summarize survey data. -It is easy to create an endless variety of cross-tabulation tables.
cross-tabulation
It is used to determine if there is a difference between subgroups of the total sample.
cross-tabulation
It should be either interval or ratio scaled
dependent variable
The test used to statistically evaluate the differences between the group means in analysis of variance (ANOVA) is called the
f tests
True or false: If one assumes two or more groups are from separate populations then the different groups are considered related samples for conducting statistical tests.
false
True or false: The analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique enables researchers to identify which pairs of means are significantly different from each other.
false
A(n)______-______test is a test that flags the means that are statistically different from each other; it is performed after an analysis of variance (ANOVA) determines there are differences between means.
follow-up
An unproven supposition or proposition that temporarily explains certain facts or phenomena is called a(n)
hypothesis
Means are compared between the types of accessories selected by males who are 40 and males who are 25.
independent samples
Two or more groups of responses that are tested as though they may come from different populations
independent samples
It should be categorical or nonmetric.
independent variable
What is an outlier?
it is a variable out of the average range
Sometimes, the _____ is also used as a distribution's measure of dispersion
mean
The term " " is defined as the arithmetic average of a sample of data—i.e., all values of a distribution of responses are summed and divided by the number of valid responses.
mean
The middle value of a distribution when the distribution is ordered in either an ascending or a descending sequence is called the
median
The most common value in the set of responses to a question is called the
mode
The value that represents the highest peak in a distribution's graph is called the _____.
mode
Which of the following is particularly useful as a measure for data that have been somehow categorized into groups?
mode
They are used when one cannot assume a normal distribution.
nonparametric statistics
Linda, a researcher, wants to conduct a study to understand the impact of a discount in a client's apparel store on customers who are 20 years old, 40 years old, and 60 years old. In order to do this, Linda must use _____.
one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
The method of examining three or more group means that involve only a single independent variable is called
one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA)
They are used when sample data are collected from populations with bell-shaped distributions.
parametric statistics
A process that is used to develop maps showing the perceptions of respondents is called
perceptual mapping
The distance between the smallest and largest values of the variable is called the
range
Which of the following identifies the endpoints of a distribution of values?
range
Means are compared between the types of houses a particular sample buys and the types of professions of the same sample.
related samples
Two or more groups of responses that originated from the sample population
related samples
Similar to the univariate t-test, the bivariate t-test
requires ratio or interval data
Measures that are directly obtained from a sample or determined from the data in the sample are called _____.
sample statistics
The formula √∑i−1n(Xi−X)2n−1∑ni-1(Xi-X)2n-1 is used to calculate _____, where Xi = each individual value in a distribution, XX = mean, and n = number of respondents.
standard deviation
Which of the following describes the average distance of the distribution values from the mean?
standard deviation
A hypothesis test that utilizes the t distribution and is used when the sample size is smaller than 30 and the standard deviation is unknown is called
t test
Variance between groups / Variance between groups is the formula for calculating _____ -the F ratio -the t ratio -the p-value -the r value
the f ratio
A ratio of the difference between two sample means and the standard error?
the t value
X1-X2SX1-X2X1-X2SX1-X2 is the formula to calculate _____, where XX1 = mean of sample 1, XX2 = mean of sample 2, and SXX1 - XX2 = standard error of the difference between the two means. -the p value -the r value -the s value -the t value
the t value
Which of the following provides a mathematical means of calculating if the difference between two sample means occurred by chance -Analysis of variance (ANOVA) -The median test -The t-test -Chi-square analysis
the t-test
True or false: Perceptual maps are visual representations of subjects' perceptions about a product, company, brand, service, or any other object in two dimensions.
true
True or false: Sample statistics are useful in drawing inferences about a population's parameters.
true
True or false: Unlike the univariate test, in the bivariate test, researchers assume that samples are taken from populations with normal distributions and that there are equal variances in the populations.
true
The average squared deviation about the mean of a distribution of values is called the
variance
