MKTG 375: Chapter 2

b) a set of rules that specify ranges of appropriate behaviors.

A cultural norm is: a) punishment for violating a cultural value. b) a set of rules that specify ranges of appropriate behaviors. c) limited interpretative boundaries for individual behavior. d) a widely held belief that affirms what is desirable and has an impact on activities e) All of these choices are correct

passiveness

A culture that emphasize the self-oriented cultural value of _____ is less likely to take an action-oriented approach when tackling issues. passiveness fatalism tradition femininity

masculine/feminine

A set of other-oriented cultural values that determines whether status, prestige, and important social positions are primarily given to men or women is the _____ dichotomy. masculine/feminine performance/status tradition/change active/passive

collectivism.

A society that gives incentives and prestige to groups is most likely to value the other-oriented cultural value of relativism. commercialism. collectivism. individualism.

Tradition/change

A sports equipment manufacturer promoted the new tennis shoes in the United States with a series of ads showing futuristic runners competing in a marathon, while in England the shoes were promoted as everyday footwear for families. Which environment-oriented value affected this marketing campaign? Diversity/uniformity Tradition/change Problem solving/fatalistic Hard work/leisure

e) All of these choices are correct

Cultures differ in terms of: a) demographics b) nonverbal communications c) values d) languages e) All of these choices are correct

immediate gratification

Cultures that value _____ are most likely to encourage people to live for the moment. hard work postponed gratification abstinence immediate gratification

Polychronic time perspective

Cultures with this perspective have an orientation toward the present and the past and are less likely to view time as discrete and subject to scheduling.

Monochronic time perspective

Cultures with this perspective view time as fixed in nature, inescapable, and linear, and they often compare its nature to that of a physical object.

culture.

Everything that influences a person's thought processes and behavior such as knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, and customs is referred to as culture. science. ethics. socialization.

Symbols like numbers, creatures, music, colors, and shapes have different interpretations across cultures.

What is an accurate description of symbols? Symbols like numbers, creatures, music, colors, and shapes have different interpretations across cultures. Symbols have universal meanings. People usually communicate using symbols when there are language barriers, as they always mean the same thing. People have an innate ability to accurately interpret symbols.

Power is viewed as relational in Japan.

In comparison to the United States, how is power viewed in Japan? Power demonstrates the collectivistic culture of the US. Power is viewed as relational in Japan. Power is used as a coercion tool in Japan. Power demonstrates the individualistic culture of Japan.

low; high

In terms of power distance, the acceptance of power in the United States is ______, and the acceptance of power in Japan is ______. high; low low; low high; high low; high

narrow

In the United States, most families consider their strongest obligations to be toward immediate family members. In other words, there is a _____ definition of family. extended collectivistic narrow broad

coercion.

In the United States, power is viewed in terms of coercion. relationships. tradition. diversity.

glocalization

In the context of cross-cultural marketing strategy, _____________ which generally means global localization, refers to the adaptation of products and services to local considerations.

purchase patterns that would otherwise be unpredictable.

In the context of cultural variations in nonverbal communications, the cultural meaning of objects or things results in purchase patterns that would otherwise be unpredictable. haphazard purchase patterns that are inexplicable. gift giving becoming an incredibly simple task. gifts being easier to select as their interpretations are always neutral.

the idea of a reciprocal relationship continuing indefinitely.

In the context of relationships as a cultural variation in nonverbal communication, one of the main features of guanxi includes the business relationship being a prerequisite to the social relationship. the idea of a reciprocal relationship continuing indefinitely. the relationship network being built among organizations, not individuals. relationships with subordinates will extend to their senior but not vice versa.

are still many symbols that work well across a variety of cultures.

In the context of using symbols in advertisements, even though cultural differences in symbols are frequently observed, there are universal interpretations for all the symbols that only few cultures ever discover. are still many symbols that work well across a variety of cultures. is always an absolute and correct meaning for each symbol. is only one universally recognized symbol which is considered religious.

size

It denotes to number of individuals in a given populace.

distribution

It denotes to the geographic location of individuals in a given populace as well as their rural, suburban, and urban location.

structure

It describes a population using the variables of age, income, education, and occupation.

Global agnostics

Kendrik is in the market for a new car. While many of his friends will only consider cars made in Japan, Kendrik doesn't base his decision on the global brand name but prefers to evaluate all of his choices just as he would with any American-made car. Which type of world citizen does Kendrik represent? Global dreamers Global agnostics Antiglobals Global citizens

Space

Larissa was promoted to assistant vice president and will move out of her shared space and into an office next week. What aspect of nonverbal communication is represented in this situation? Agreements Time Space Relationships

youth/age

Mallory's parents believed that their young daughter's birthday party should center on children without regard for her grandparents. Which other-oriented dichotomy affecting cultural values does this reflect? active/passive tradition/change youth/age religious/secular

sensual gratification; abstinence

Members of a culture that place value on ______ rather than ______ would likely have advertisements that contain nudity and sex appeals. sensual gratification; abstinence action-oriented approaches; passive approaches postponed gratification; immediate gratification hard work; leisure

power distance.

The degree to which people accept inequality in power, authority, status, and wealth as natural or inherent in society is known as individualism. ambiguity. risk taking. power distance.

risk taking/security

The environment-oriented values of _____ influence a society's tolerance for ambiguity and uncertainty avoidance. postponed gratification/immediate gratification risk taking/security masculinity/femininity diversity/uniformity

religiosity and secularism.

The extent to which daily activities in a culture are determined by spiritual ideology is reflected in the self-oriented cultural values of individualism and collectivism. tradition and change. hard work and leisure. religiosity and secularism.

Religious/secular

The marketing team at USA Uniforms Inc. decided it would be inappropriate to include a clergyman in their promotion since their audience members might be offended. Which dichotomy of cultural values is affecting their choice? Active/passive Risk taking/security Performance/status Religious/secular

In what ways can we communicate about the product?

The marketing team decided the best way to promote the product in the foreign market was through television advertising since that's how the majority of the population receives their information. Which question for approaching a foreign market is the team considering? In what ways can we communicate about the product? What are the distribution, political, and legal structures for the product? Can enough of the people needing the product afford the product? Is the geographic area homogeneous or heterogeneous with respect to culture?

personal

The nearest others can come to us without creating an uncomfortable situation is known as _____ space. pure physical personal public

Many underdeveloped countries do not value cleanliness at a level sufficient to produce a healthy environment.

What is an accurate statement about cleanliness as an environment-oriented cultural value? Many economically developed countries do not attribute cleanliness to health concerns. Most economically developed countries do not prioritize cleanliness to a level sufficient to produce a healthy environment. Most underdeveloped nations place a high value on cleanliness. Many underdeveloped countries do not value cleanliness at a level sufficient to produce a healthy environment.

the dissimilar values that cultures denote to objects

What makes gift giving across cultures a difficult task? the difficulty in selecting a suitable brand the neutrality that is associated with gifts in all cultures the unprofessional nature of gifts in a corporate setting the dissimilar values that cultures denote to objects

Masculine/feminine

When creating a print advertisement for an infant clothing line in Europe, the US-based company was told to only feature girls in the ads to connect better with mothers. Which value dimension is affecting this marketing choice? Masculine/feminine Risk taking/security Individual/collective Performance/status

Antiglobals

Which category of world citizen doesn't like international brands or brands that promote American values? Antiglobals Global citizens Global agnostics Global dreamers

competitive/cooperative

Which cultural value is revealed by a choice Sanjay faces: either outperform his co-worker on the assigned project and take all the glory for a job well-done or achieve success by working together with his co-worker? active/passive masculine/feminine competitive/cooperative performance/status

leisure-oriented culture

Which culture is most likely to view work as a necessary evil and merely a means to an end? abstinence-oriented culture hard work-oriented culture leisure-oriented culture postponed gratification-oriented culture

Jensen Power constantly evaluates environmental regulations to make sure the company is in compliance.

Which of these situations demonstrates how nature plays a role in cultural values? The board of directors at Simpson Carpets Inc. is made up of three generations of the Simpson family as is the custom in their country. Manual likes to involve all of his staff when solving issues rather than taking credit for an idea on his own. Marta prefers to buy products that everyone else is buying rather than seeking out her own choices. Jensen Power constantly evaluates environmental regulations to make sure the company is in compliance.

Polychronic

Clean-Rite Corp.'s marketing team was frustrated when the new line of time-saving cleaning products failed dramatically. Which cultural perspective of time would have responded to these products negatively? Monochronic Polychronic

monochronic polychronic

What are the two types of time perspectives across cultures? diachronic monochronic synchronic polychronic

Culture is acquired. Culture rarely prescribes proper behavior in detail.

What are two characteristics of culture? Individual preferences are rarely affected by culture. Individuals are very aware of how culture influences decisions. Culture is acquired. Culture rarely prescribes proper behavior in detail.

Purchasing power parity

What concept do marketers increasingly use to evaluate markets? Median annual income Purchasing power parity Domestic birth rates Gross domestic product

Values associated with product and its use Available media and who uses each type Verbal and nonverbal communication used in the culture The needs the product fills

What four things must be considered when a company is analyzing how it will communicate about a product in a foreign market? Values associated with product and its use Consumers who can afford the product Legal regulations regarding distribution efforts Available media and who uses each type Verbal and nonverbal communication used in the culture The needs the product fills

Nonverbal communication systems

______ are the arbitrarily assigned meanings for events, actions, and things other than words that are specific to a culture. Foreign language translations Nonverbal communication systems Self-oriented cultural values Terminal materialism

c) Sanctions

_________ result when cultural norms are violated. a) Values b) Prescriptions c) Sanctions d) Norms e) Precepts

hard work/leisure

Aaron wants to find a job that allows him to work four ten-hour days so he has three days to pursue his favorite activities: hiking and biking. Which dichotomy of culture values does this represent? competitive/cooperative hard work/leisure performance/status problem solving/fatalistic

Ethics

After learning that introducing their organic produce into parts of Europe would cause local farmers great hardship, Cali-Organics Inc. decided to pursue a different foreign market where their impact would be welcome. What caused the company to make this choice? Metrics Demographics Politics Ethics

extended/limited family dichotomy

As a marketing representative for All-Grain Products, Tyler feels it is important to market the product differently in Asia where families might also include grandparents living under the same roof as their children and grandchildren.Which cultural value is affecting Tyler's decision? extended/limited family dichotomy the masculine/feminine dichotomy the performance/status dichotomy the tradition/change dichotomy

Individual preferences are influenced by culture.

During her study abroad program in Europe, Malia was surprised when the beer she ordered was served warm instead of ice cold like it was in the United States. Which characteristic of culture does this represent? Culture provides a detailed road map of how to behave. Individual preferences are influenced by culture. Culture sets strict boundaries for global behavior. Culture is inborn.

What are the ethical implications of marketing this product in this country?

During the meeting, Brenda asked the team if introducing the product into South America would create environmental concerns based on the plastic packaging. What question is she considering as her company makes plans to approach a foreign market? Can enough of the people needing the product afford the product? What are the ethical implications of marketing this product in this country? What needs can this product fill in this culture? In what ways can we communicate about the product?

sensual gratification.

Extremely conservative cultures are least likely to place a high value on extended family. sensual gratification. tradition. abstinence.

It is seen as something to be overcome or improved.

Historically, how is nature reflected in the cultural values of most Americans? It is considered best left alone. It is seen as something to be overcome or improved. It is typically not considered when making decisions. It is viewed as a sacred practice that must be maintained.

Number of households that need the products Number of people who can afford the products

Home Tools Inc. is considering expansion efforts into South America. What two things should their initial demographic analysis reveal to indicate if they should continue pursuing this idea? Number of households that need the products Number of people who can afford the products Available media sources to advertise the products Number of local manufacturing facilities to produce the products

relationships time symbols etiquette

What are four variables that influence nonverbal communications? penmanship relationships pitch time volume symbols etiquette

masculine-oriented

Nearly all cultures in human society are _____, which is an other-oriented value. leisure-oriented nature-oriented cleanliness-oriented masculine-oriented

Sanctions

Penalties for the violation of cultural norms

Wealth

Shayla told the marketing team that their efforts would have to be adaptable to an emerging culture in India where more people were looking for products based on their social standing rather than economy. Which cultural value is Shayla concerned with? Wealth Hygiene Dynamic Risk taking

fatalistic

Shayna believes that most events and actions are beyond her control. She often feels powerless to respond to any poor customer service issues. Shayna would be considered a _____ consumer. leisure fatalistic competitive/cooperative problem-solving

Norms

Rules that specify or prohibit certain behaviors in specific situations

postponed

Sanjay would like to buy a new boat but realizes he should save the money in case he has more problems with his car. He is practicing _____ gratification. resolute immediate postponed limited

guanxi.

The Chinese concept that refers to personal relationships on which an individual can draw to obtain resources or advantages when doing business or even in the course of social life is known as mun mai. guanxi. gwai ren. jian.

Etiquette

The Japanese business executive found it offensive when the executive from the US-based company tried to look him in the eye when discussing the deal to expand his company's offices. He decided it would be best to work with a different company for the project. Which nonverbal communication did the US executive fail to consider? Time Etiquette Space Symbols

diversity/uniformity

The _____ dichotomy is a set of cultural values that determine the extent to which a culture is accepting of a variety of religions, ethnicities, political stances, and various other subcultures. religiosity/secularism tradition/change diversity/uniformity sensual gratification/abstinence

risk taking/security

The _____ dichotomy is a set of environment-oriented cultural values that determines whether a culture appreciates or considers reckless the people who endanger their status or wealth on a new venture. hard work/leisure risk taking/security religious/secular competitive/cooperative

individual/collective

The _____ dichotomy is a set of other-oriented cultural values that describes whether a culture values individual initiative or group conformity. youth/age competitive/cooperative individual/collective tradition/change

active/passive

The _____ dichotomy is a set of self-oriented cultural values that determines whether a culture values physical accomplishments or nonphysical achievements. performance/status youth/age active/passive competitive/cooperative

Instrumental materialism

The acquisition of items to allow or help one to do something.

Terminal materialism

The acquisition of things for the sake of possessing them.

traditional

The advertisements of _____ cultures are most likely to emphasize established practices and history. youth-oriented change-oriented traditional individualistic

worldwide mass media.

The biggest single influence that is causing the convergence of lifestyles, values, and purchases among youth worldwide is worldwide mass media. the increasing value of nonmaterialism. the waning appeal of technology. traditional culture.

business cards are exchanged when two people meet.

The social exchange of meishi in Japan occurs when no interest is charged for a business loan. a contract is signed after learning more about a business person's family ties. business cards are exchanged when two people meet. parties involved in a business deal bow to each other when an agreement is reached.

about 65%

The youth market is widely affected by technology as demonstrated by the fact that _____ of teens use two or more electronic devices. almost 40% about 65% nearly 25%

Other-oriented values

They describe a society's perception of the appropriate relationships between individuals and groups in the society.

Self-oriented values

They describe the objectives and approaches to life that the individual members of society find desirable.

Environment-oriented values

They prescribe a society's relationship to its economic, technical, and physical context.

Individualistic cultures

They value diversity and variety.

Collectivistic cultures

They value uniformity and conformity.

Self-oriented values Environment-oriented values Other-oriented values

What are the three broad forms of cultural values? Self-oriented values Global-oriented values Environment-oriented values Other-oriented values Predisposition-oriented values

monochronic

To be kept waiting for a business appointment is considered offensive in a culture with a _____________ time perspective.

examine the character of the person making the deal.

Traditionally, while an American businessperson would carefully review a written contract prior to making a deal, a Chinese businessperson would be more likely to review the contract in the company of the other party. examine the character of the person making the deal. assume the contract is fair and sign it without review. have a third party examine the contract.

True

True or false: In many Latin American countries it is common practice to negotiate prices for almost any type of purchase. True False

True

True or false: In much of the world, the time required for a decision is proportional to the importance of the decision. True False

True

True or false: Participation in sports and exercise is strongly influenced by the masculine dimension. True False

true

True or false: When determining whether to enter a foreign market, a company should have an initial idea of who can afford the product. True False

Sarah is a college student in the United States and like many girls takes her fashion cues from social media influencers she follows on Instagram.

Which of these situations demonstrates how the youth/age dichotomy affects cultural values? James was horrified to learn he got the job not because of his qualifications but because his father was well-known in the business. Sarah is a college student in the United States and like many girls takes her fashion cues from social media influencers she follows on Instagram. Sun-Jun lives in Singapore and feels responsible for not only his wife and children but for his parents, aunts, uncles and their children. Micah wants to become a member of the executive team and takes every opportunity to take on projects without regard to the rest of her co-workers.

Gerard didn't need the new watch but bought it so he would have a designer brand.

Which of these situations is an example of terminal materialism? Gerard didn't need the new watch but bought it so he would have a designer brand. Katie and her family are going on a tropical vacation so she bought sunscreen at the store. Emma asked her mother to buy her new soccer shoes for the upcoming season. Trent's new employer told him he would need access to a laptop computer to complete the work.

They are more likely to prefer prestigious brand names.

Which statement about status-oriented societies is accurate? They are more likely to value individual performance. They are more likely to prefer prestigious brand names. They are more likely to seek out functionally equivalent items. They are not concerned with brand names.

The use of gestures and normal voice tone differ among cultures. Behaviors considered rude in one culture may be acceptable in another.

Which two statements about etiquette are true? The use of gestures and normal voice tone differ among cultures. Behaviors considered rude in one culture may be acceptable in another. European cultures behave more aggressively and vocally than American culture. Most behaviors are culturally universal.

Monochronic

Which type of culture would be more receptive to companies using contests and sales with deadlines as marketing tools? Polychronic Monochronic

norms.

While Jason is comfortable looking his professor in the eye when asking a question in class, his roommate Jin from China feels this is disrespectful. These two students demonstrate a difference in cultural warrants. sanctions. norms. mores.

It identifies the respective statures of the people involved.

Why is the exchange of meishi an important practice in Japan business? It identifies the respective statures of the people involved. It creates a sense of urgency to complete a business deal. It clarifies individual wealth and prosperity. It provides for a third party to handle financial transactions.

Cultural values

Widely held beliefs that affirm what is desirable in a culture

Fatalistic

_____ consumers have lower expectations of product quality and are less likely to make formal complaints when they are sold unsatisfactory products. Fatalistic Materialistic Foolhardy Risk-taking

Demographics

_____ describe(s) a population in terms of its size, structure, and distribution. Lifestyle Demographics Monochronics Social norms

Cleanliness

_____ is an environment-oriented cultural value that describes the extent to which a culture emphasizes personal and public hygiene. Collectivism Religiosity Materialism Cleanliness

Competitiveness

_____ is an other-oriented cultural value that is mostly valued by cultures that have a more masculine and individualistic orientation. Competitiveness Tradition Cooperation Uniformity

Purchasing power parity

_____ is based on the cost of a standard market basket of products bought in each country. Annual average income Gross national product Domestic tax production Purchasing power parity

Glocalization

_____ occur(s) when businesses consider variations in culture and adapt their products and services to meet the needs of a local market. Parity Glocalization Demographics Homogeneity