MNGT 470, Test 2

Distributive justice refers to:

a perceived fairness in the outcomes we receive compared to our contributions and the outcomes and contributions of others.

Typically, employees who feel under rewarded are most likely to:

reduce their work effort.

In the communication process model, 'decoding the message' occurs immediately:

after the receiver receives the message.

The yielding conflict management style should be used if:

the issue is much less important to you than to the other party.

A higher level of employee involvement is preferable when:

the problem relates to non-programmed decision.

Which conflict management style is associated with low cooperativeness and low assertiveness?

Avoiding.

Which communication channel is most effective when the sender wants to persuade the receiver?

A personal face-to-face meeting with the receiver.

Influence is:

Any behavior that attempts to alter someone's attitudes or behavior.

Which of the following is a third-party conflict resolution strategy with low process control and high decision control?

Arbitration.

______ involves calculating the cost of walking away from the negotiating relationship.

BATNA.

In the bargaining zone model, the area of potential agreement contains:

Both you and your opponent's resistance points.

Which of the following actions would increase employee motivation mainly by enhancing their effort-to-performance expectancy?

Convincing employees that they can perform the required tasks.

According to the four-drive theory, which of the following is the foundation of competition and the basis of our need for esteem?

Drive to acquire.

Which of the following communication media tends to be best for transmitting emotions?

Face-to-face meeting.

Which of these is also referred to as participative management?

Employee involvement.

Which of the following represents the first three steps in the communication model in correct order?

Form message, encode message, and transmit message.

A job related factor which would most likely act as a motivator according to the motivator hygiene theory is:

Growth opportunities.

Many job applicants falsify information on their resume. This is an example of which influence tactic?

Impression management.

What effect does 'noise' have in the communication model?

It distorts and obscures the sender's intended message.

Which of the following is a safety need of individuals in the context of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Need for stability.

Which of the following dimensions is indicative of the degree to which a job affects the organization or the larger society?

Task significance.

Showing interest and clarifying the message are two activities associated with which stage in the active listening process?

Responding.

Which of the following is the highest level need in the Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

Self-actualization.

Which of the following best describes relationship conflict?

The conflict episodes are viewed as personal attacks rather than attempts to resolve the problem.

Which of the following is an example of punishment?

The organization takes away some of your paycheck to cover the cost of a machine that you carelessly broke.

Which of these communication channels has the highest media richness?

Video conference.

How do men and women generally differ in their communication styles in organizational settings?

Women are usually more sensitive to men to nonverbal cues.

In organizational communication, 'flaming' generally refers to:

an emotionally charged email message, usually one that communicates the sender's anger.

In the expectancy theory, valence refers to the:

anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual feels towards an outcome.

Three robberies have recently occurred in a certain part of the city. Because of this, we are likely to overestimate the probability of robberies. This is called the:

availability heuristic.

Divergent thinking increases the level of:

creativity.

The concept of bounded rationality holds that:

decision makers process limited and imperfect information when making decisions.

Organizational politics may be reduced by _____.

encouraging leaders to become role models of organizational citizens instead of symbols of successful organizational politicians.

Outcome/input ratio and comparison other are elements of:

equity theory.

Ingratiation includes _____.

flattering a boss.

People tend to be more creative when they:

have reasonable level of job security.

Networking potentially increases a person's power by _______ within each network.

increasing the person's referent power.

The purely rational model of decision making is rarely practiced in reality because:

it assumes that people are efficient and logical in their information processing.

Legitimate power exists when ____.

it is agreed that people in certain roles can request certain behaviors of others.

The capacity of a communication medium to transmit information is known as:

media richness.

In behavior modification, extinction occurs when:

no consequences follows a target behavior.

People with expertise tend to have more influence using _____, whereas those with a strong legitimate power base are usually more successful applying _____.

persuasion; silent authority.

The first stage of the creative process is:

preparation.

The potential for conflict between two employees would be highest under conditions of:

reciprocal interdependence.

According to the emerging view on organizational conflict, there are two types of conflict with opposing consequences. They are:

task conflict and relationship conflict.

Satisficing refers to:

the tendency to choose an alternative that is good enough rather than the best.

Escalation of commitment can be minimized by ensuring that:

those who make the decision are different from those who implement and evaluate it.