Mobility (ATI Engage Fundamentals) Funds 100

are basic essential skills that a person does independently every day and that are usually related to personal care. ADLs include activities that one learns as a child and can be completed unsupervised ex: >dressing >bathing >toileting >feeding oneself

ADLS "Activities of daily living" (definition)

Is the study of body mechanics in relation to the demand and design of the work environment along with the equipment used -basically it focuses on designing, adjusting, and arranging items so that people can work safely and efficiently

Ergonomics for prevention of injury among nurses(definition)

DVT occurs when a thrombus or blood clot develops in one or more of the deep veins located where?

in the arms, pelvis, thighs, or lower legs (think lower body parts)

another way to say motion or movement:

mobility

A mobility assessment should be performed PRIOR to initially mobilizing a client and repeated every ___ hours

mobility assessment 24 hours

are soft tissues that provide the motor power or force for movement

muscles

True or false

rebuilding bone mass takes considerable longer than rebuilding lost muscle mass and strength Answer: True

The muscles in the lower extremities usually experiences this this loss first because they are used to constantly working to hold the body position in an upright standing postition. > this phenomenon explains why clients will often report feelings of weakness in their legs after just a few days of bed rest

Example of Sarcopenia

-prolonged immobility results in. pressure compressing the skin and tissues between the bones to the. firm surface --> restricting the flow of blood and lymph to those areas --> results in tissue damage= pressure injury

Integumentary System Effects due to Immobility how does it occur?

ex. patients with continued muscle disuse leads to atrophy and an imbalance between the opposing muscles--> stronger flexor muscles pull + palace a joint in a bent nonfunctional position -->collagen fibers in connective tissue will soon become denser and less flexible causing restriction in movement.

Joint contractors due to immobility Example (picture of brown arm that is bent)

are abnormal fixations of the joint that occur as a result of changes to muscles and connective tissue

Joint contractures (definition)

an outward curvature of the thoracic area of the spine most commonly occurs in older adult females due to weakening and breaking of the vertebra--> this posture impacts a patients ability to move and rise from a seated position (think kyphosis= spine curves outward)

Kyphosis can impact a clients mobility how?

True or false. Although muscle movement is under a persons conscious control the brain coordinates the action

True

2 Types of Joint risk factors as a result of patient immobility:

-1. Joint contractures -2. Foot drop

Risk factors in the workplace can be divided into three areas:

-1. Practice controls: lighting, noise, transfer lifts, carts, furniture, whole-body vibrations, exposure to heat/cold 2. Physical characteristics: posture, duration, force, velocity, heavy exertion, repetition, time, lunch/rest breaks, recovery time 3. Environmental hazards: mental stress, physical stress, workload hours (shift, overtime) falls, slips, exposure to hazards

Steps to Proper Body Mechanics for nurses when handling objects or moving patient (6 steps)

-1. Stand or move as close to the object as possible. (nurse should be face to face with patient when transferring) -2. Keep the abdominal muscles contracted and the lower back. in its normal position -3. Maintain the head upright with shoulders raised up -4. Bow the hips slightly and squat -5. Do not twist torso. always pivot or side step! -6. Push up from the knees and use that momentum to lift the object

Examples of Ergonomic practices and equipment in health care for nurse injury prevention:

-Modifiable workstations and chairs -keyboards with wrist supports -Adjustable IV stands and. poles -Height-adjustable beds -Two-person lifts/transfers -client transfer devices -shower chairs -toilet seat risers -side opening garbage and linen containers -elimination of uneven floor surfaces

Clients who have mobility challenges that affect their ADLs may. benefit from the use of assistive equipments such as

-commode chairs -toilet seat risers (think cartoon picture of toilet with arm handles) -shower chairs (think cartoon blue chair used for sitting while showering)

Proper body alignment is demonstrated when the line of gravity passes vertically through the body of the red points of the

-ear -shoulder -hip -knee -and ankle

Damage as a result of improper body mechanics can also affect which body parts:

-muscles -tendons -ligaments -nerves -joints -blood vessels and -bones

The most serious complication of DVT is __ which occurs when part of the thrombus breaks off and travels into the lungs via the bloodstream--> complications = clot could further travel to brain resulting in a stroke ______, or to the heart causing a heart attack ___

-pulmonary embolism -stroke= cerebrovascular accident -heart attack= myocardial infarction

Place the steps for moving a client up in bed in the correct order: A. Assess the clients level of mobility B. Raise the clients bed C. Get lift assistance D. use the draw sheet to move client E. Lock the wheels of the bed F. Lower the clients bed to the lowers position G. Position the clients arms across their chest

1 step: Assess the clients level of mobility (first step of the nursing process to allow the nurse to know the level of assistance the client may require when moving) 2 step: Get lift assistance 3 step: Lock the wheels of bed 4 step: Raise the clients bed 5 step Position the clients arms across their chest (to avoid friction) 6 step: Use the draw sheet to move client 7 step: lower the clients bed to lowest position (to reduce risk of patient falling)

Mobility Nursing Assessment procedure:

1)A mobility assessment should be performed PRIOR to initially mobilizing a client and repeated every _24__ hours 2) During assessment nurse should observe clients: balance, stride, posture, and gait >Two Mobility Assessment tools: >1. MAT assessment >2. TUG assessment 3) Results of assessments should be recorded in the medical record + verbally communicated with the health care members to ensure safety of both client and the staff

What are the two Mobility Assessment tools?

1. MAt Assessment 2.TUG Assessment

3 functions of SKELETAL MUSCLES (think muscle)

1. Movement (main function) 2. Posture and positioning 3. Generate body heat

Functions of the SKELETAL SYSTEMS (5): (think bones)

1. Support: BONES provides a solid and stable framework 2. Protect: provides mechanical protection for the internal organs such as the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs 3. Produce: Red bone marrow in the center of the bones produce red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and macrophages 4. Storage: provides storage for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, iron, and lipids 5. Movement: bones work with the muscular attachments to create motion

Three key principles of body mechanics are:

1. body alignment 2. balance 3. body movement

"A nurse is caring for a client who will require a mechanical lift to transfer from the bed to a reclining chair. The nurse should follow the recommendation of asking how many personnel to assist with this task?

2 or more personnel for assistance (explanation: recommendation for 2 or more personnel for assistance is for clients who are identified as activity level 2 or moderate assist and activity level 1 Maximum assist =same)

Changes to the structure and functions of tendons, ligaments, and cartilage began to occur as few as ___ days of bed rest!

4 days of bed rest

Mobility Assessment tool (MAT): "Level 4 No Assist" >Assessment Task >Equipment needed >Recommended Staff assistance

>Task: Client can march in place and step forward and backward (think level 4 is most mobile--> considered "no assist") >Equipment needed: none >0-1 personal assistance (can still use 1 personal assistance for level 4 "no assist" mobility if needed)

Mobility Assessment tool (MAT): "Level 3 Minimal Assist" >Assessment Task >Equipment needed >Recommended Staff assistance

>Task: Client can raise self from a seated position using assistive device (cane or bed rail) Client can maintain standing position for at least 5 seconds (think only minimal assist bc client can use assistive devices to stand for 5 second) >Equipment needed: Gait belt; Ambulation assistive devices (equipments are just for minimal assistance) >1-2 personnel assistance

Mobility Assessment tool (MAT): "Level 1 Maximum Assist" >Assessment Task >Equipment needed >Recommended Staff assistance

>Task: Client extends arm + reaches across midline to shake hands w/nurse client moves self from semi-reclining position to sitting on edge of bed and maintains for at least 2 minutes (think severe mobility level bc client cant even sit on bed --> needing maximum assist ) >Mechanical lift + slide boards (think most severe condition so most severe equipment needed) >2 or more personal assistance

During TUG assessment the nurse should observe the clients:

>balance >stride >posture >gait

"The nurse is preparing to conduct a mobility assessment for a client. Place the following steps in the correct order. A. Extend arm to shake hands with clients farther upper extremity B. Instruct client to sit on edge of bed for at least 2 minutes c. Request client to stand at the bedside for at least 5 seconds D. Request client to walk in place E. Ask client to take a few steps forward and then backward F. Instruct client to extend one leg, flex ankle, and point toes

A. Extend arm to shake with clients farther upper extremity (think most maximum Assist ) B. Instruct client to sit on edge of bed for at least 2 minutes (think second most maximum assist) F. Instruct client to extend one leg, flex ankle, and point toes (think moderate assist) C. Request client to stand at the bedside for at least 5 seconds (think minimal assist) D. Request client to walk in place (think No assist category second to first one) E. Ask client to take a few steps forward and then backward (think no assist very 1st one the most mobile)

"A nurse is caring for a client who can move self from a semi-reclining position to sit on the edge of the bed but is unable to hold the position. The nurse should assign the client which of the following activity levels?"

A. Level 1 Maximum assist (explanation: Nurse should assign the activity level of maximum assist to a client who can move self from semi-reclining position to sit on the edge of bed but cannot hold the position. The nurse should assign the activity level of moderate assist to a client who can sit on the side of the bed with their feet on the floor and hold that position. The nurse should assign the activity level of minimal assist to client who can rise up from a seated position with an assistive device. The nurse should assign the activity level of no assist to a client who can march in place.

"The nurse is preparing to conduct a mobility assessment for a client. Place the following steps in the correct order: Explanations

A. The nurse should first assess the clients body awareness and upper extremity strength and hand grip B. The ability to move oneself and to maintain balance to sit independently demonstrates trunk strength, balance, and ability to follow directions F. Raising the leg and manipulating the foot and ankle demonstrates lower extremity strength and control C. Ability to raise oneself to standing position and hold position for 5 seconds demonstrates upper + lower extremity strength and balance D. The ability to walk in place demonstrates the client has a steady gait and balance E. The ability to step forward + backward demonstrated ability to maneuver turns + obstructions in the pathway

Physical inactivity that leads to a loss of the ability to perform tasks is termed a functional decline or ____ intolerance (think activity Intolerance= physical Inactivity)

Activity Intolerance (definition)

helpful tool for evaluating activity tolerance by gauging their level of exertion during activity. Target zone is for patient to rate activities between 12-14 representing somewhat strong effort >lowest level= 6: indicates state of rest or sitting that is effortless >highest level= 20: signifies maximal effort is required to perform the action

Activity Intolerance: Borg. Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale

Match the function with the correct anatomical component: Synovial joints

Allow for flexibility and movement of bones (explanation: are fluid-filled capsules that connect bones. they allow for bending of the limbs.)

Which of the following actions demonstrates the proper use of body mechanics? Select all that apply; A. Bend the knees to improve balance B. Turn the torso when assisting the client to pivot C. Maintain good posture at all times D. Bend at the waist to move heavy objects E. Position objects to be lifted 12 inches away F. Place the feet in line with the shoulders

Answers: A. Bend the knees to improve balance C. Maintain good posture at all times F. Place the feet in line with the shoulders Explanation: the use of proper body mechanics decreases the risk of injury. Bending the knees and spreading the feet apart lowers the center of gravity and improves balance. Good posture decreases the strain on the musculoskeletal system. In contrast, bending the waist when lifting, twisting movements, and reaching all increase the risk of a musculoskeletal injury and should always be avoided. Objects should be kept as close to the body as possible when moving

Atelectasis: is the partial or complete collapse of the lung, including airways and small sections of lung tissues due to shallow breathing --> this collapse decreases the number of alveoli that are available to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide (picture of cartoon guy with one normal lung and one smaller lung with collapsed alveoli)

Atelectasis due to immobility:

are living tissues that are constantly REMODELING and changing

BONES (think bones remodel and change bc every time you grow your bones grow too!)

while standing the imaginary line for the center of gravity runs horizontally just below the umbilicus, intersecting the line of gravity. -The center of gravity shifts as person changes position

Balance (picture of guy with blue shirt and red dot is in middle below belly button =center of gravity) -ex. The center of gravity shifts as person changes position--> second picture of guy in blue shirt with legs bent red dot is lower --> center of gravity lowers to balance and keep person from falling over

-after only 24 hours of bed rest body fluids normally present in lower extremities will be redistributes to head, abdomen, and chest due to change in gravitational force --> causes increases in blood volume returning to heart--> signals body to release hormones to regulate fluid balance --> diuresis + dehydration decrease blood volume + increase blood viscosity (thickness) therefore--> a lower circulating blood volume decreases amount of blood that is ejected when heart contracts--> this lowered demand results in atrophy of the heart muscles = cardiac deconditioning

Cardiac deconditioning as a result of Immobility

Match the function with the correct anatomical component: Nerves

Control contraction and relaxation of the muscles; coordinate balance and movement (think nerves has to do with spinal cord= balance + contraction/relaxation muscles) (explanation: nerve cells in the spinal cord connect to muscles throughout the body + fire signals--> causing muscles to contract--> muscles shorten--> pulling against bone they are attached to--> movement)

Sort the following actions into those that indicate correct body mechanics or incorrect body mechanics: -lift from the large back muscles

Correct Body mechanics: -stand close to client when lifting -Pivot or sidestep when moving client -Raise the clients bed when positioning (to ensure client being handles is as close to their body as possible) Incorrect Body mechanics: >Lift from the large back muscles ( you must push up from the knees not back and use legs to move the load bc the quadricep leg muscles are the strongest muscle and should be only used for lifting) >Place feet close together (you place feet shoulder width apart for balance) >Bend slightly at the waist (you do not bend at the waist!)

-Clients who are immobile are at a greater risk for developing DVT due to their increased blood viscosity and the atrophy of muscles that normally assist in pumping the blood -> diminish the bodys ability to effectively circulate blood--> leading to venous stasis = blood that is not moving freely or more likely to clot

DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis) as a result of immobility:

a type of joint contracture that results in a partial or total inability to pull the toes up toward the head. -results from. nerve entrapment + shortening of the calf muscles and Achilles tendon in the lower leg. -basically: drop foot is inability to flex foot upwards--> therefore client is unable to place the heel on the floor causing toes to drag while walking

Foot drop as a result of immobility or an injury:

The skeletal muscles work with the skeleton to create body movements such as texting, sitting, standing, walking, running, and dancing

Function of Skeletal Muscle: #1. Movement (main function)

The skeletal muscles maintain posture and body positioning WITHOUT A PERSONS CONSCIOUS CONTROL!! (think automatic) They cause motion through a series of contractions and relaxations, or contract to hold the body in a certain position ex. sitting or standing.

Function of Skeletal Muscle: #2. Posture and positioning

Contracting. muscles generate heat that assists in maintaining body temperature. (think contraction-- heat generated-->body temperature maintenance) ex. shivering example of the muscles working to produce heat

Functions of Skeletal Muscle: #3. Generate body heat

"A nurse is caring for a client who can rise to a standing position from a chair with the use of a cane. The nurse should assist the client with ambulation using which of the following equipment?"

Gait belt (explanation: nurse should obtain and use a gait belt for client who is able to use a cane to rise up from their chair. Nurse would use a mechanical 'sit to stand' lift for a client who is able to sit on the edge of the bed with their feet on the floor but is 'unable to stand' with the use of an assistive device. Nurse would use a mechanical lift for a client who is unable to stand on their own! (patients need maximum assist)

-Gastrointestinal tract uses gravity to move food from. mouth to the rectum but clients in bed rest tend to have decreased appetite + overall food intake compared to active clients --> leading to malnutrition -patients. who are frequently supine may have a decreased sensation of the need to move their bowels

Gastrointestinal System Effects due to immobility how does it occur ? ex. malnutrition, constipation and fecal impaction, gastroesophagal reflux

-occurs 16 times more often in clients who are in bed rest then those that are active due to combination of hardened stool and decreased urge to defecate >Fecal impaction: if constipation becomes chronic and hardened mass of feces creates.a blockage--> requires medical intervention

Gastrointestinal System effects: Constipation .>ex. Fecal impaction (think feces impact pelvis and create a blockage)

>clients with immobility tend to have decreased appetite + decreased overall food intake compared to active clients >muscle activity slows --> absorption of proteins from gastrointestinal tract decreases --> resulting in lower levels of protein in blood = all causes increased risk of Malnutrition in patients who are on bed rest

Gastrointestinal System effects: Malnutrition due to immobility

-occurs during supine position as gastric fluids accumulate in upper portion of stomach putting pressure on the lower esophageal sphincter to open and release gastric fluid (think picture of stomach with esophageal spinchter gateway opening and yellow gastric fluid coming out)

Gastrointestinal system effects: Gastroesophageal reflex due to Immobility

-supine positioning interferes with body mechanics of Genitourinary System--> >results in urinary retention: increases risk of incomplete emptying of the bladder >incomplete drainage of the kidneys and urinary retention can lead to the formation of renal calculi= kidney stones --> increases risk for UTI

Genitourinary System Effects due to Immobility how does it occur? (ex. urinary retention and renal calculi)

a four step chart that determines the clients mobility level by completing assessment tasks+ assigns a recommended level of assistance for the client to be mobile -Levels >1: Maximum Assist; 2 or more personal assistance >2:Moderate Assist; 2 or more personnel assistance >3: Minimal Assist; 1-2 personnel assistance >4: No Assist Assist; 0-1 personnel assistance indicating client can move independently

MAT (standardized mobility assessment tool) (definition)

Match the function with the correct anatomical component: Muscles

Maintain posture and generate heat (explanation: muscles are attached to the skeleton and maintain posture and body position. While their main function is to generate movement, they also maintain body temperature by contracting -->results in shivering)

is the capacity to move without restrictions

Mobility (definition)

1. evaluates how well a client can move, including which specialized equipment or aids are needed to maximize their mobility potential 2. demonstrates the clients ability to participate in: -meaningful activities -determines their level of independence -identifies any activity intolerances

Mobility Assessment (definition)

This sort of deterioration which occurs with both prolonged bed rest and immobilization of a limb results in poor muscle coordination and reduced ability to perform activities of daily living

Muscle Atrophy leads to:

-is a general term used to refer to the muscles and skeleton. (think Mucsu=muscle and skeletal= skeleton) -detailed grouping of tissues that are important for stability and proper body functioning.

Musculoskeletal System (definition)

These tissues include muscles, bones, joints, cartilage, and ligaments (think all muscle and bone parts= part of the musculoskeletal system)

Musculoskeletal System includes:

-orthostatic hypotension= is a decrease in blood pressure + sensation of dizziness when client sits or stands up--> reduced blood volume + cardiac reconditioning increase effects due to immobility -ex. orthostatic hypotension increases risk of client falls

Orthostatic hypotension as a result of immobility:

A nurse is assessing the competency of a new assistive personal as they assist in moving a client up in bed. Which of the following actions by the AP demonstrates competence?

Places feet shoulder width apart (proper body mechanics)

-an infection that often occurs in clients with limited mobility as a result of shallow breathing, thickened mucus, and decreased ability to cough-->. patients experience reduced ability to remove pathogens from lungs resulting in an infection

Pneumonia as a result of immobility

pressure injury is localized damage or necrosis of the skin and/or an underlying tissue. Results from extended direct pressure, combine with shear (sliding) or friction (rubbing) trauma >Pressure Injury ranges from intact skin= nonblanchable redness to deep wounds with exposed bone + necrotic tissue

Pressure injury (definition)

Match the function with the correct anatomical component: Ligaments and tendons

Provide for connections of muscles and bones (explanation: tendons and ligaments are made of fibrous connective tissue; tendons fasten muscles to bones (think tendons are muscles so attach muscles to bones); ligaments= attach bones to other bones (think ligaments are bones so attach bones to other bones)

Match the function with the correct anatomical component: Bones

Provides a solid and stable framework; produce red blood cells (explanation: bones are connective tissues that provide the stable framework for the body, protect internal organs, produce blood cells (all types), store minerals, and work muscles to produce movement.

-decreased mobility can lead to psychological effects that negatively impact the clients SELF-CONCEPT, self-esteem, and can lead to frustrations, anxiety, and depression ex. social isolation

Psychological Effects due to Immobility

Match the function with the correct anatomical component: Cartilage

Reduces friction between the bones (think bones=cartilage) (explanation: cartilage is flexible connective tissue that coats bony areas, allowing them to glide over each other and absorb shock)

>immobility especially patients in supine. position reduces amount of air exchanged and increases risk of infection--> supine position impairs ability of patients ribcage to freely expand due to physical restrictions of the bed >supine position also causes abdominal organs to shift towards diaphragm --> decreases depth of breaths and effectiveness of coughing >prolonged immobility results in narrowed lung airways of the bronchioles >immobile clients experience frequent dehydration --> thickens mucus secretion making it difficult to expel mucus when coughing

Respiratory system effects due to immobility occur how? (ex. Atelectasis and pneumonia)

refers to the loss of lean muscle mass; caused by deterioration of the twitch fibers in voluntary muscles which are responsible for the speed of contraction and ability to resist fatigue

Sarcopenia (definition)

True or false: implementing the principles of proper body mechanics lowers the risk for injury by reducing stress and strain on the body

TRUE (think body mechanics has to do with reducing stress on spine)

Mobility Assessment tool (MAT): "Level 2 Moderate Assist" >Assessment Task >Equipment needed >Recommended Staff assistance

Task: While seated at the edge of bed, client places feet on floor client extends one leg out, flexes and points toes; repeat with other leg (think moderate assist only bc client can sit at edge of bed but have trouble placing feet on floor or flexing toes) Equipment: Mechanical sit-to-stand lifts + Ambulation assistive devices (think less severe equipment needed for level 2 moderate assist) >2 or more personal assistance (same as maximum assist)

used to determine a clients mobility level by focusing on patients ability to move, stand, walk, and step and evaluates the balance, strength, posture, and any activity intolerances;

The MAT focuses on what factors when assessing the mobility level of a patient?

>Normal mobility status >Ability to sit >Ability to stand >Ability to walk >Use or need for assistance >Degree of mobility and immobility >Condition of the skin >Presence of any manifestations during activity

What items should be assessed during a mobility assessment:

when muscles are not used used they ___ meaning they become smaller and weaker

atrophy (definition)

Healthcare workers have the highest incidence of _____ but injuries can also occur in the ____, ____, and ______.

back injuries worldwide, mainly occurring when assisting clients; head, neck, and extremities

Decline of activity intolerance can be due to many factors including:

bed rest decrease in mobility balance difficulties weakness due to an illness or hospitalization

The positioning of the various parts of the body while performing activities is known as

body alignment (or posture)

involves the combined efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system to maintain movement, alignment, and balance in daily life -describes how a person uses their body to do things such as sitting, standing, lifting, carrying, bending, or lying (think the mechanics of how the entire body system (musculoskeletal + nervous system) functions)

body mechanics (definition)

The areas most susceptible to the effects of pressure during Integumentary system immobility are?

bony prominences which have thinner skin example: -back of the head -shoulder blades -elbows -sacrum -ischium -heels -skin that is exposed to moisture from perspiration, wound drainage, or incontinence --> even greater risk for skin breakdown

Proprioception AKA Kinesthesia process:

brain coordinates the movement--> nerve cells in spinal cord connect to muscles through body + fire signals causing muscle to contract -->as muscles shorten --> pull against bone to which they are attached--> movement is generated--> information from sensory receptor is sent back and forth to brain to crease sense of self awareness and body position= feedback enables body to coordinate, balance, and fine tune body positioning+ movement (think bones =levers with the muscles generating the force needed to move the bones)

Prolonged immobility reduces the mechanical load and stress on bones. contributing to what negative factors:

contributing to loss of mass, density, and strengths of the bones ex. Disuse osteoporosis= occurs when bones have become thinner and weaker as a result of prolonged bed rest --> results in demineralization --> fragility fractures: fragile bones that are pone to breaking even under minor stress

Improved stability and balance occur when the center of gravity is lower and closet to the base ex.

creating a wide base by spreading the feet shoulder width apart and flexing the knees improves stability and balance (second picture of guy in blue shirt)

our bodies are designed for motion and require the ___, _____, and ____ to function in unison to create motion

muscles, skeletons, and nerves

immobility due to bed rest can have an effect on a clients ability to move and. perform the activities of daily living (ADLs) in as little as?

one week! (bc bones, muscles, and joints require motions to stay healthy)

-a decrease in systolic blood pressure of 20 mm Hg or more OR a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of 10 mm Hg or more within 3 minutes of changing to a sitting or standing position

orthostatic hypotension rules:

Optimal posture supports the spine, muscles, and joints which increases..

strength, reduces fatigue, and uses less energy

-when a person does not move safely and correctly abnormal stress is placed where? Over. time such stress will result. in ___ or ___ from wear and tear on this same structure

stress is placed on the spine; stress will result in injury or degeneration due to improper body mechanics

enable motion and flexibility between bones

synovial joints (think "joints"= between bones)

What is the nurses goal in Mobility?

the goal is to assist in preserving, maintaining, and restoring as much mobility and function as possible

Peripheral nervous system: (definition)

thousands of NERVE that interface with the spinal cord -these nerves are composed of fibers that are encased in connective tissue (protects them) -communicate with muscles and sensory receptors through chemical signals aka neurotransmitters (think peripheral = perception or "feeling" so sensory receptors)

Timed Up & Go (TUG) Assessment

tool to evaluate mobility + risk for falls in older adults. Client is instructed to stand up from a seated position, ambulate 10 feet turn and ambulate back to chair and sit down. >Older adult client who takes longer than 12 seconds to complete test is at increased risk of falling (bc your being "timed Up to go at a comfortable 12 second pace therefore the older adult who is still slower then is considered increased risk of falling due to very slow mobility)

Nurses use their knowledge to assess mobility and implement tasks to preserve and support the mobility status of their clients. True or false?

true