Mod 6 Review
There is 0.5 mg/10 mL of epinephrine in an auto-injector. How many milligrams (mg) would you deliver if you administered 5 milliliters (mL)?
0.25
If you have an epinephrine concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, how many milligrams would be present in 5 mL?
0.5 mg
500 micrograms (µg) is equal to:
0.5 mg.
The concentration of sodium in the cells of the body is approximately:
0.9%.
One milliliter (mL) is the equivalent of:
1 cubic centimeter.
The MOST appropriate administration set to use for a patient who requires rapid fluid replacement is one that delivers 1 mL of IV fluid per:
10 drops.
A 7-year-old child has swallowed a bottle of aspirin. Medical control orders you to give the child 0.5 g/kg of activated charcoal. Based on the child's weight of 45 pounds, how much charcoal will you administer?
10 g
One deciliter (dL) is equivalent to:
100 mL
How many grams are present in 25 mL of 50% dextrose (D50)?
12.5 g
A 44-year-old man is experiencing a ventricular dysrhythmia. Medical control orders your paramedic partner to administer 1.5 mg/kg of lidocaine to the patient, who weighs 185 pounds. Lidocaine is supplied in a concentration of 100 mg/10mL. How many milliliters should your partner administer to this patient?
12.6 mL
A 30-year-old construction worker lacerated his brachial artery and has lost a significant amount of blood. His blood pressure is 70/40 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 130 beats/min. Which of the following IV catheters would be MOST appropriate for this patient?
14 gauge
Prior to administering oral glucose to your diabetic patient, you look at the dosage, which reads 15g. How many milligrams is this equivalent to?
15,000
How many pounds does a 90-kg patient weigh?
198 lb
A 42-year-old man was splashed in the eye by a corrosive substance. Medical control orders you to irrigate the patient's eye with 2 liters of sterile saline. How many milliliters is this?
2,000
A severely injured patient has lost approximately 750 mL of blood. What is the appropriate volume of crystalloid solution to administer to the patient?
2,250 mL
During an attempted resuscitation of a 9-year-old boy in cardiac arrest, your paramedic partner asks you to prepare epinephrine in a dose of 0.01 mg/kg. The child's mother tells you that he weighs approximately 65 pounds. You have a prefilled syringe of epinephrine containing 1 mg in 10 mL. How many milliliters should be administered to this child?
3 mL
Medical control has ordered you to start an IV on a dehydrated patient and administer normal saline at a rate of 200 mL/hr. Using macrodrip (10 gtts/mL) tubing and an 18-gauge catheter, how many drops per minute will you set the flow rate at?
33
A 40-year-old female requires a medication to decrease her heart rate. The medication to be administered is supplied in a prefilled syringe in a concentration of 6 mg/2 mL. How many milliliters are required to achieve a dose of 12 mg?
4 mL
A 68-year-old female with unstable bradycardia requires 0.5 mg of atropine. Your paramedic partner opens a prefilled syringe of atropine containing 1 mg/10mL. How many milliliters should be administered to the patient?
5 mL
A microdrip administration set features a small, needle-like orifice inside the drip chamber and delivers:
60 gtts/mL.
What percentage of water accounts for the total body weight?
60%
During a long distance transport, you initiate an IV of normal saline and infuse 125 mL over 2 hours. Using microdrip tubing, how many drops per minute (gtts/min) is your IV flow rate set at?
63 gtts/min
What is the approximate weight in kilograms of a 155 lb patient?
70 kg
After starting an IV on a patient, you set the flow at a "KVO" rate. How many drops per minute does this rate deliver?
8 to 15
Which of the following represents the official name for aspirin?
Acetylsalicylic acid, USP
Which of the following medications is a suspension?
Activated charcoal
Which of the following medications would the AEMT help a patient self-administer?
Albuterol
Which of the following medications would the AEMT typically NOT be allowed to administer to a patient?
Amiodarone
If you administered naloxone (Narcan) to a patient who overdosed on morphine, what effect would occur?
Antagonism
What is an enteral drug?
Any drug that is administered along any portion of the GI tract.
As you are treating a patient, he tells you that he has a bleeding ulcer and took Cialis 12 hours ago. Which of the following medications are contraindicated for this patient?
Aspirin and nitroglycerin
During the IV procedure, when is it MOST appropriate to apply the constricting band?
Before you cleanse the venipuncture site.
A 17-year-old female is experiencing a mild asthma attack. You auscultate her lungs and hear expiratory wheezing. In addition to oxygen, which of the following classifications of medication would be indicated for this patient?
Beta-2 agonist
Which of the following is NOT a form of liquid drug?
Capsule
What is the difference between a crystalloid and a colloid solution?
Crystalloids do not contain large protein molecules.
Which of the following is NOT a physiologic effect of sympathetic nervous system stimulation?
Decreased heart rate
What is the mechanism of aspirin when given to a patient who is experiencing an acute myocardial infarction?
Decreases platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction
A 70-year-old man presents with generalized weakness and dizziness. His blood pressure is 110/70 mm Hg when he is sitting, 96/56 mm Hg when he is standing. His heart rate is 120 beats/min and his skin is flushed and dry. What is the MOST likely cause of this patient's signs and symptoms?
Dehydration
Which of the following is a Schedule II substance?
Demerol
Who regulates the selling and prescribing of controlled substances, such as narcotics?
Drug Enforcement Administration
As an AEMT, which of the following medications would you be allowed to administer to a patient?
Epinephrine
Which of the following drugs dissolves a thrombus and prevents it from entering the bloodstream?
Fibrinolytic
A patient with congestive heart failure requires medication administration. Which of the following IV solutions would be MOST appropriate to use?
Five percent dextrose in water
Although painful and difficult to manage, what is the location of choice for starting IVs in pediatric patients?
Hand vein
In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, what is the MOST appropriate management for a patient with circulatory overload caused by excessive IV fluid administration?
Head elevated, medical control notified
A 70-year-old female presents with generalized muscle weakness; lethargy; and hot, flushed skin. Which of the following electrolyte disturbances should you suspect?
Hypercalcemia
A 50-year-old patient complains of abdominal muscle cramps and spasms of his hands. Which of the following electrolyte disturbances does this patient MOST likely have?
Hypocalcemia
You administer 0.4 mg of nitroglycerin to your 55-year-old patient with chest pain. Which of the following adverse reactions should you be MOST observant for?
Hypotension
Which of the following signs indicate narcotic-induced CNS depression and would indicate the administration of naloxone?
Hypoventilation
An intraosseous line should be inserted in a critical patient if:
IV access is unsuccessful after three attempts.
Which of the following medications are typically administered via the subcutaneous route?
Insulin and epinephrine
Which of the following medication administration routes would result in uneven, unreliable absorption if given to a patient with decreased peripheral perfusion?
Intramuscular
Which of the following medication routes will provide the MOST rapid rate of absorption?
Intraosseous
You are unable to establish an IV on a critically injured conscious patient. What route should you use for gaining vascular access?
Intraosseous
__________ solutions provide a stable medium for the administration of medications and provide effective fluid and electrolyte replacement.
Isotonic
Which of the following statements regarding a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is correct?
It administers the same dose of medication each time it is used.
What is the MOST significant drawback to cannulating a scalp vein in a child with a butterfly catheter?
It does not allow for rapid fluid administration.
A 29-year-old female experiences shortness of breath, urticaria, and bilateral wheezing shortly after you started an IV of normal saline. How should you manage this situation?
Leave the catheter in place and remove the solution.
Which of the following medications could be administered via the intranasal route with a mucosal atomizer device?
Naloxone
Which of the following medications could cause a potentially fatal interaction if given within 24 to 36 hours of Viagra, Cialis, or Levitra?
Nitroglycerin
Which of the following medications is administered in gel form?
Oral glucose
Which of the following physiologic responses would you expect to occur following administration of a drug that possesses alpha-1 (α1) properties?
Peripheral vasoconstriction
What is the term used to describe the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of a drug?
Pharmacokinetics
A 78-year-old female takes several medications every day, each one for a different condition. What is this an example of?
Polypharmacy
A 66-year-old male with congestive heart failure presents with pulmonary edema and difficulty breathing. His blood pressure is 180/90 mm Hg and his pulse rate is 110 beats/min and irregular. When starting an IV, which of the following, if available, would be MOST appropriate for this patient?
Saline lock
Which DEA classification is given to a drug that has no accepted medical uses and a high abuse and dependence potential?
Schedule I
Because it has accepted medical uses, a low abuse potential, and a limited dependence potential, lorazepam (Ativan) is classified as a:
Schedule IV drug
How is nitroglycerin usually given?
Sublingual
How does lactated ringers solution help combat intracellular acidosis associated with severe blood loss?
The lactate is metabolized by the liver to form bicarbonate.
Which of the following statements regarding medication administration in pediatric patients is correct?
The products of metabolism in children can vary from those seen in adults, which may sometimes result in unexpected responses.
Which of the following statements regarding over-the-counter (OTC) medications is correct?
They do not require a prescription.
A 37-year-old male with chronic anxiety finds that he has to take more of his antianxiety medication to achieve the same effect. What is this called?
Tolerance
What might happen if a drug is given to a patient with liver disease?
Toxic blood levels of the drug
What physiologic response causes a vasovagal reaction?
Vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure
You remove the shirt of a patient in cardiac arrest and note an adhesive patch applied to his upper right arm. This medication is MOST likely:
a fentanyl patch.
The passage of a substance through some surface of the body into body fluids and tissues is known as:
absorption.
An important neurotransmitter in the parasympathetic nervous system is:
acetylcholine.
After inserting the needle into the injection port of a saline lock, you pull back on the plunger and observe blood return in the syringe. You should next:
administer the medication and observe for infiltration.
The term "bolus" is defined as
administering a drug in one mass of volume.
The sympathetic nervous system is also known as the:
adrenergic nervous system.
A breakable glass container that is designed to carry a single medication dose is called a/an:
ampule.
Factors that can cause an insufficient or absent flow of fluid through an IV line include:
an IV bag that is placed too low.
Third spacing is defined as:
an abnormal fluid shift into the serous linings of the body.
An over-the-needle catheter is commonly referred to as a/an:
angiocath.
Drugs that attach to a receptor and counteract the effects of something else are called:
antagonists
A 60-year-old man is in cardiac arrest. As emergency medical responders are performing CPR, your partner is managing the patient's airway. After preparing your IV set, you should FIRST attempt to cannulate the:
antecubital vein.
Subcutaneous injections deliver the medication:
between the skin and the muscle.
Major cations in the body include all of the following, EXCEPT:
bicarbonate.
A parasympatholytic drug blocks the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system by:
binding to receptors and blocking the release of acetylcholine.
An agonistic drug is defined as one that:
binds to a receptor site and stimulates a response.
Atropine increases the heart rate by:
blocking the vagus nerve and preventing innervation by ACh.
Butterfly catheters are MOST useful for adult patients who require:
blood drawing only.
Factors that alter a patient's response to a drug include:
body mass and psychologic factors.
Adverse reactions associated with epinephrine include all of the following, EXCEPT:
bradycardia.
When an IV line is not available, glucose should be administered to a conscious patient via the __________ route.
buccal
A form of solid drug that is stored in a gelatin shell filled with liquid or powder is called a:
capsule.
An ion that has an overall positive charge is called a/an:
cation.
A 52-year-old man complains of chest pressure. He is diaphoretic and has a blood pressure of 110/90 mm Hg. He has a prescription for nitroglycerin (NTG), but has not taken any. After administering oxygen to the patient you should:
contact medical control for permission to administer the NTG.
After starting an IV on a patient in shock, the AEMT accidentally gets stuck with the IV needle. This is referred to as a/an:
contaminated stick.
A 40-year-old man with diabetes has a blood glucose level of 38 mg/dL. However, because he is unconscious and unable to swallow oral glucose, the medication is:
contraindicated.
After inserting an IV catheter into a vein, you should:
decrease the angle of the catheter to 15° and insert the catheter a few mm farther.
While eating dinner at a restaurant with his wife, a man remembers that he did not take his antianxiety medication. He immediately begins to experience anxiety and tells his wife that they must leave immediately. This response is typical of:
dependence.
Compounds or charges concentrated on one side of a cell membrane will move across it to an area of lower concentration to maintain balance on both sides of the cell wall. This process is called:
diffusion.
After removing the stylet from the IV catheter, you should next:
dispose of the needle in the appropriate container.
A hypertonic solution is one that:
draws fluid and electrolytes out of the cell.
Substances that become charged particles when they disassociate in water are called:
electrolytes.
A mixture of two liquids that are not mutually soluble is called a/an:
emulsion.
Signs and symptoms of an air embolus include all of the following, EXCEPT:
facial flushing.
The removal of particles from a solution by allowing the liquid portion to pass through a membrane or other partial barrier is called:
filtration.
A potential complication of intraosseous infusion is compartment syndrome. This occurs when:
fluid leaks out of the bone and into the osteofascial compartment.
Sclerosis of a vein is caused by:
frequent cannulation.
The original chemical name of a drug, which is not capitalized, and is suggested by the drug's first manufacturer is called the:
generic name.
Compared to drugs such as phenobarbital and diazepam (Valium), heroin:
has a much higher potential for abuse and dependence.
Perfusion occurs in the capillaries as a result of __________ hydrostatic pressures and __________ in the capillary beds.
high, osmosis
Medications that the AEMT is authorized to administer are ultimately determined by:
his or her medical director.
The MOST common contraindication for any medication is:
hypersensitivity.
Severe hyperkalemia can result in:
hyperstimulation of neural transmission.
A solution that has a greater concentration of sodium than does the cell is referred to as being:
hypertonic.
A solution that hydrates the cells while depleting the vascular compartment is referred to as being:
hypotonic.
A solution that results in water flowing into a cell, causing it to burst, is referred to as being:
hypotonic.
An adverse condition induced in a patient as a result of the treatment given is called a/an:
iatrogenic response.
Your patient is a 56-year-old man with chest pain. Medical control orders you to assist the patient with his prescribed nitroglycerin. The patient later tells you that the palms of his hands itch. His vital signs, however, remain stable. This peculiar effect of the drug is referred to as a/an:
idiosyncratic reaction.
Once the "pigtail" that covers the access port of a bag of IV fluid has been removed, the fluid must be used:
immediately.
The purpose of a constricting band when starting an IV is to:
increase venous pressure at the puncture site.
Excessive exposure to a cholinergic agent would produce:
increased salivation, urination, and vomiting.
A patient is given a medication that possesses a positive chronotropic effect. This means that it:
increases the heart rate.
Benzodiazepines are a classification of medication that are used to:
induce sedation.
Reconstituting a drug, such as glucagon, involves:
injecting liquid from one vial into another vial that already contains powder.
Actions taken after administering a medication to a patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:
inquiring about drug allergies.
__________ fluid accounts for approximately 16% of the body's total weight.
interstitial
The majority of the body's potassium is found within the:
intracellular fluid.
A known contraindication to the administration of 50% dextrose (D50) is:
intracranial hemorrhage.
An anion is an:
ion with an overall negative charge.
Nitroglycerin is especially useful in treating patients with cardiac ischemia because it:
is a vasodilator and lowers preload on the heart.
Five percent dextrose in water (D5W) is an isotonic solution until it:
is administered to a patient.
The most commonly carried IV solutions in the prehospital setting are:
isotonic crystalloids.
Compared to a 16-gauge catheter, a 22-gauge catheter would be more appropriate for an elderly patient because:
it reduces the risk of fluid extravasation.
Filtration, a type of diffusion, is commonly used to clean the blood via the:
kidneys.
The Narcotic Control Act of 1956:
made the possession of heroin illegal and outlawed the acquisition and transportation of marijuana.
Following administration of an amiodarone bolus, your paramedic partner begins a continuous infusion. This is necessary in order to:
maintain a therapeutic blood level of the drug.
The function of a drug or the particular action of a drug on an organism is called:
mechanism of action.
The term applied to the practice of preventing contamination of the patient when performing an invasive procedure is called:
medical asepsis.
The liver performs synthetic reactions that yield inactive products called:
metabolites.
To calculate a drug dosage, you must know the weight of the drug present in each:
milliliter.
Osmosis is defined as the:
movement of water across a semipermeable membrane.
In order to prevent catheter shear when starting an IV, you should:
never rethread the needle into the catheter.
An isotonic solution is one that causes:
no change in the shape of the cell.
You are preparing to administer a medication to a pregnant patient. You read the medication information and note that, according to the FDA, it is a "Category X" drug. You should:
not administer the drug to the patient.
Shortly after starting an IV on a patient with a possible femur fracture, the patient experiences a sudden onset of shortness of breath and develops cyanosis. After reassessing airway patency and breathing adequacy, you should position the patient:
on the left side with the head down.
As an AEMT, the MOST commonly inhaled medication you will administer is:
oxygen.
Contraindications for intraosseous infusion include all of the following, EXCEPT:
patients who are in cardiac arrest or status epilepticus.
Other than oxygen, prior to administering any medication to a patient, you must take standard precautions and then:
perform a careful assessment of the patient.
The study of the properties and effects of medications on the body is called:
pharmacology.
The cell membrane is a ______________ bilayer, which is an important barrier to fluid movement and the acid-base balance.
phospholipid
After inserting the needle into the injection port of an IV line, but before administering the medication, you should:
pinch off the tubing proximal to the injection port.
An example of intravascular fluid is:
plasma.
A teratogenic drug is one that:
poses a risk to a developing fetus.
The enhancement or action of one drug by another drug is called:
potentiation.
A glass drug cartridge and syringe are components of a/an:
prefilled syringe.
The MOST common site for intraosseous cannulation is the:
proximal tibia.
Bioavailability is defined as the:
rate and extent to which an active drug enters the general circulation.
Following insertion of a needle into a patient's skin to administer an intramuscular injection, you pull back on the plunger and note the presence of blood in the syringe. You should:
remove the needle and apply pressure to the site.
A patient in cardiac arrest requires defibrillation with an AED. You remove his shirt and see a nitroglycerin patch applied to his right upper chest. You should:
remove the patch and wipe off the excess medication.
Medical control has ordered your paramedic partner, via two-way radio, to administer 40 mg of Lasix to a patient with congestive heart failure. You should anticipate that your partner will first:
repeat the drug order to the physician as she heard it.
While reading the package insert that accompanies a medication, you note that it has been assigned a pregnancy category D. This means that:
risk to the human fetus has been demonstrated; however, administration of the drug may outweigh the risk of potential adverse effects in certain circumstances.
A predictable, yet adverse response to a drug, is called a/an:
side effect.
A liquid mixture of one or more substances that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand is called a/an:
solution.
Medications that fight or antagonize the effects of the sympathetic nervous system are referred to as being:
sympatholytic.
Epinephrine is classified as a/an:
sympathomimetic.
Prior to administering an oral medication to a patient, you must:
take standard precautions.
A drug's therapeutic index refers to:
the difference between a therapeutic and lethal dose.
Before you can calculate an IV drip rate, you must know all of the following information, EXCEPT:
the gauge of the IV catheter you will use.
Nitroglycerin relaxes vascular smooth muscle, dilates the coronary arteries, and relieves cardiac chest pain. These properties of nitroglycerin are called:
therapeutic effects.
Unlike IM or SC injections, intravenously administered drugs rapidly affect the body because:
they bypass most barriers to drug absorption.
Intraosseous lines require full and careful immobilization because:
they rest at a 90° angle to the bone and are easily dislodged.
A stable patient requires an IV line in the event that medication therapy is needed. When selecting the appropriate vein, you should first attempt to cannulate the:
vein on the hand.
If used in pediatric patients, butterfly catheters are commonly placed in the:
veins of the scalp.
Once the protective wrap is removed from a bag of IV fluid, the fluid must be used:
within 24 hours.
Minimum documentation following IV therapy includes all of the following, EXCEPT:
your certification level.