MOD.9 - NERVOUS + SPECIAL SENSES

How is the nervous system able to respond to changes in the environment so quickly?

-It possesses many sensory neurons that are constantly evaluating the internal and external environment. -The nervous system operates at a very fast pace. -It can integrate the information and interpret what the sensory information actually means. -It is able to generate an appropriate response to the sensory information received. Correct! all of the above

voltage threshold for membrane

A

the most highly developed part of the brain; the corpus callosum interconnects its two sides; associated with language and conscious thought

A- FOREBRAIN

Insufficient production of acetylcholine in the synapses of the brain, abnormal tangled neurons, and large deposits of beta amyloid are problems associated with

ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

the membrane is depolarized

B

receives sensory information from other parts of the body and relays it to proper areas of the cerebrum

B - THALMUS

potassium channels within the membrane are open

C

regulates body temperature and stimulates hunger drive

C- HYPOTHALMUS

Which of the following events associated with the transmission of an impulse across a synapse occurs last?

CHEMICALLY GATED CHANNELS FOR SODIUM OPEN

During synaptic transmission, the influx of ________ causes vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ________.

Ca²⁺, neurotransmitter

During this process, influx of ________ cause(s) vesicles in the axon bulb to fuse with the cell membrane, releasing ________.

Ca²⁺, neurotransmitter

Which one of the following events associated with the transmission of an impulse across a synapse occurs last?

Chemically gated channels for sodium open

the membrane has repolarized

D

controls heart rate and blood pressure, as well as sneezing and swallowing reflexes; motor nerves from one side of the forebrain cross to the opposite side of the body

D- MEDULLA OBLANGATA

The vestibule contains two fluid-filled chambers, called the utricle and saccule, which are alike in that

EACH HAVE A GEL-LIKE SUBSTANCE ON THE INSIDE

TRUE/FALSE A sensory neuron carries stimuli from the central nervous system to the effector.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE During periods of stress or increased activity, the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates; during periods of rest, the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system predominates.

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE The strength and duration of a stimulus determine the amplitude of an action potential.

FALSE

Electrical impulses are transmitted between components of the central nervous system via which one of the following?

INTERNEURONS

Which one of the following cells transmit impulses away from the central nervous system to the muscles and other organs?

MOTOR NEURONS

A neuron at rest has a charge difference across its cell membrane, with the interior of the cell negative relative to the exterior. This difference in charge across the plasma membrane is referred to as ________ potential

RESTING

Which of the following structures is used to sense rotational movement of the head and body?

SEMICIRCULAR CANALS

Which one of the following provides the central nervous system with information about the outside environment?

SENSORY DIVISION

Which one of the following processes is depicted in the figure above?

SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION

TRUE/FALSE During depolarization, the inside of the neuron's membrane becomes less negative.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE Reflexes are rapid, automatic responses to stimuli.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE The absolute refractory period characteristic of neurons is important in ensuring that action potentials travel in only one direction.

TRUE

TRUE/FALSE The two subdivisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

TRUE

Which one of the following steps occurs during the absolute refractory period?

The neuron cannot generate an action potential.

The malleus and incus function to

amplify sound

There are several toxins that interfere with synaptic transmission. Botulism toxin, for example, interferes with the fusion of acetylcholine-containing vesicles with the membrane of the axon bulb. This would result in which one of the following?

blocking of neurotransmitter release by the presynaptic membrane

The central nervous system is composed of

brain and spinal cord

Convergence occurs when several presynaptic cells

form a synapse with a single postsynaptic cell