Modern World Exam
Sartre's landmark philosophic treatise is entitled
Being and Nothingness.
Which composer wrote aleatory pieces such as 4' 33"?
Cage
Oliver Twist
Charles (John Huffam) Dickens
Which author offered realistic (and sentimental) depictions of nineteenth-century society in works such as David Copperfield?
Charles Dickens
The fact that the nineteenth century was "the age of the virtuoso" is most evident in the work of
Chopin
Both Donne and Wren were associated with the
Church of Saint Paul's in London
John Locke
17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.
The United States Supreme Court did not ban school segregation until
1954
Romanticism
19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason
Modern Landmarks
5 science and Technology, 5 People/Ideas/Events 5 art/ architecture/culture Science/tech: electricity relativity, weaponry, photography, xrays, cars, planes, war People / Ideas / Events : Freud, Edison, Einstein Holocaust, Art / Architecture: Pablo Picasso, Frank Lloyd Wright, Matisse.
Candide
A novel by Voltaire that uses fiction as a method of critiquing society.
According to Freud, civilization was the product of the
According to Freud, civilization was the product of the
The nineteenth century was an important time in African history because
African music and literature came to be recorded, medical advances against malaria permitted increased contact with Western explorers, AND Africans produced some of their most notable textile and beadwork artifacts
For much of his music, Aaron Copland found inspiration in
American folk songs.
Sigmund Freud
Austrian neurologist known for his work on the unconscious mind. Father of psychoanalysis.
Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of the traditional sonata?
Composition
Which of the following attitudes is LEAST characteristic of art in the first half of the twentieth century?
Confidence in an orderly and predictable universe
The artist—whose subject matter was individuals in ordinary settings—who challenged, "Show me an angel and I'll paint one" was
Courbet
Picasso's landmark work Les Demoiselles d'Avignon was a precursor to the style that became known as
Cubism
The artist who wished to "redo nature after Poussin," and whose later work anticipated twentieth-century abstract art, was
Cézanne
Which artistic movement thrived on nihilism and irrationalism?
Dada
The Social Realist who is primarily associated with the medium of lithography is
Daumier
The fusion of art and politics that exalted the ideal of service and sacrifice to one's country is exemplified by which landmark?
David's The Oath of Horatii
Liberty Leading the People
Delacroix, 1830
Which of the following persons was a male counterpart to the abolitionist Sojourner Truth?
Douglass
Which of the following best describes the Romantic architecture at the Royal Pavilion in Brighton?
Eastern exotic
Petrarch
Father of Humanism
Which of the following authors was credited with inventing the modern novel with his Madame Bovary?
Flaubert
Which nineteenth-century composer, who wrote the piece nicknamed "The Surprise," is often called the "father of the symphony"?
Franz Joseph Haydn
Which of the following former slaves learned to write and personally authored a memoir with his or her own hand?
Frederick Douglass
Wang Guangyi
GREAT CRITICISM coca cola and LITHOGRAPHY
Which figure famously recanted his scientific theories in 1633 after having been put on trial for heresy?
Galileo
The artist who became infatuated with unspoiled nature, especially as it existed in Tahiti (where he relocated after abandoning his job and family), was
Gauguin
All of the following figures are generally considered painters of the Rococo style EXCEPT
Greuze
Which of the following statements about George Catlin is FALSE?
He used his paintings to garner support for the government's policy of relocating Native Americans to reservations
Hobbes vs Locke and the declarations
Hobbes vs Locke - Unit 9 Enlightenment - Humanities H: Only way to get people from natural state is monarchy / king. King can create order / social construct. L: Needs to be checks and balances / democracy People should be more responsiible, choose our own leader. Both have ideas of rights. State of nature / law of nature. Right to live, prosper, and justice Declaration of the Rights of Man - 1789 Declaration of Independence - 1776 By Thomas Jefferson What is a quote from the Declaration of Independence that reflects social construct? "We hold these truths to be [obvious], that all men are created equal, that they are [entitled] by their Creator with certain [mandatory] Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." "All men are created equal" "He has abdicated government hereby declaring us out of his protection and and waging war against us" "We mutually pledge to each other our lives, out fortunes and our sacred honor" "Authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these united colonies aare, and of right out to be, free independant states."
Which of the following men was NOT a significant figure in the movement known as the Scientific Revolution?
Hogarth
The turn from Romanticism to literary Realism is evident in the novels of
Ibsen
The names Gropius and Le Corbusier are associated with the
International Style in architecture.
Which of the following statements about the French Revolution is FALSE?
It served as a model for the American Revolution that shortly followed
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
Italian architect and sculptor, famous for Saint Peter's Basilica
The assertion that "the world will never be white again" was made by which author of Go Tell It on the Mountain?
James Baldwin
Which of the following people is considered to be one of the first Realists in the English novel-writing tradition?
Jane Austen
Whose "Ode on a Grecian Urn" concludes that "Beauty is truth, truth beauty"?
Keats
The elements of jazz and street slang in the poetry of Gwendolyn Brooks show the influence of
Langston Hughes.
Bach's cantatas were largely based on
Lutheran Chorales
The landmark work that marked the birth of the Romantic movement in England was William Wordsworth's
Lyrical Ballads
proletariat
Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production
Purging the canvas of all recognizable subject matter was the aim of artists such as
Mondrian and Kandinsky.
The movement known as Impressionism took its title from a painting by
Monet
Both El Greco and Velázquez served in the courts of
NOT ENGLAND
the music of debussy
NOT was deeply inspired by Beethoven's symphonies
London's Houses of Parliament are a landmark example of
Neomedievalism
Which one of the following figures does NOT belong with the other three?
Neruda
Albert Einstein and other twentieth-century physicists argued that
Newtonian laws of physics did not function at the cosmic level.
In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, ________ emerged as the center of Western artistic productivity.
Paris
After 1945, there was a shift in major art production from
Paris to New York.
A major component of hip-hop music is
Percussive beats, disco, reggae, and rock influences, and electronic manipulations of music by disc jockeys.
Einstein on the Beach, one of the first operas to employ electronically amplified instrumentation, was written by
Philip Glass
The leading action painter of the twentieth century was
Pollock
The "Great Criticism" series by the Chinese artist Wang Guangyi reflects the influence of
Pop art.
"Whatever is, is right" reflects the philosophic optimism of
Pope
Japanese prints had the greatest influence on late-nineteenth-century European
Postimpressionism
Compare the Rococo and Neoclassical styles, explaining the ways in each reflects the aims, ambitions, adn tastes of the European Enlightenment. Identify 5 landmarks that you think represent these styles the best. You should include a variety of landmarks and include at least 1 of each of the following: writing, painting/drawing and architecture. For each of the 5 landmarks you should write at least 3-5 sentences explaining why you think the landmark should be included in your list.
Rococo: over the top paintings, asymmetry and bright colors. French aristocracy, the swing by Jean Honore Fragohard. Neoclassical: realistic paintings, the idea of the virtues of life order symmetry, simplicity, revolt against the french aristocracy. Dante and virgil by William adolphe.
Vaslav Nijinksy is associated with
Russian dance.
Jules Verne and H. G. Wells were pioneering figures in which literary genre?
Science fiction
The feminist Simone de Beauvoir held that women
Should reject the role of "Other".
The founding figure of the Society of Jesus was
St. Ignatius of Loyola
The effort on the part of contemporary physicists to achieve a "theory of everything" is evident in
String Theory
Goya immortalized the history of the French occupation of Spain in a landmark series of etchings and aquatints known as
The Disasters of War
War and Peace
This epic novel draws from letters, journals, and other historical reports and examines the Napoleonic invasion of Russia in 1812 through the eyes of five aristocratic Russian families.
Communist Manifesto
This is the 1848 book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which urges an uprising by workers to seize control of the factors of production from the upper and middle classes.
Johann von Goethe
This man is considered the greatest of German writers who wrote great works of literature and drama as well as works that covered topics as diverse as theology and science. His greatest literary works include Faust and Sorrows of Young Werther.
Leopold Bloom is the central figure in James Joyce's landmark work,
Ulysses
Starry Night
Vincent Van Gogh, 1889
The philosophic optimism of Enlightenment figures was satirized in Candide and other writings by
Voltaire
The pioneer figure in American Pop art was
Warhol
The pioneering narrative films of George Méliès and Edwin S. Porter were early examples of which popular genres?
Westerns and science fiction
Dada Movement
Zurich, Switzerland; anti-art movement in which society didn't deserve art after creation of WWI, meant to provoke, spontaneous performances
Claude Monet
a French painter who used a impressionism called "super-realism," capture overall impression of the thing they were painting
Pablo Picasso
a Spanish artist, founder of Cubism, which focused on geometric shapes and overlapping planes
Guernica
a Spanish town that was brutally bombed and was full of innocent civilians it was supposed to encourage fear, Picasso painted a famous painting capturing Guernica
Descartes' proposition, "I think, therefore I am," demonstrated
a premise he could not doubt
Jazz
a style of music characterized by the use of improvisation in the 1920s
Metamorphosis
a transformation or dramatic change
The Baroque era represents a turning point in music because it witnessed the
adoption of equal temperament tuning, development of oratorio, and birth of opera
Picasso's landmark painting, Guernica, immortalized the
aerial bombing of a civilian target
In his Novum Organum, Bacon objected to
an overreliance in inductive reasoning
Some critics contend that Postmodernism originated with the rejection of the International Style in the field of
architecture
Minimalism and geometric abstraction have this in common: they
are largely nonrepresentational.
By "sublime," romantics like Wordsworth were referring to
awe-inspiring nature
Puccini's verismo operas
brought a new level of realism into opera
Fauvist artworks are most notable for their bold use of
color
One reason that both Protestants and Catholics opposed the heliocentric theory was that it
contradicted Scripture
According to Marcel Duchamp and other Dada figures, the artists should be the
destroyers of tradition.
Darwin contributed to the study of biology chiefly by
developing the theory of natural selection
Ingres' Grande Odalisque deviated from the principles of Classical art by
disproportionately elongating the body of his female subject
Merce Cunningham's choreography is considered radical because it
does not depend on music.
Romantic ballets such as La sylphide derived their plot lines from
fairy tales and folk legends
Late nineteenth-century colonialism had as its primary motivating force the need
for materials and markets
Francis Bacon called the false dogmas or teachings that hindered clear thinking
idols
In his landmark poem The Rock, T. S. Eliot claimed that the knowledge accumulated by Western civilization brought twentiethcentury Westerners closer to
ignorance and death.
The aesthetic, production, and materials of minimalist artworks are inspired by
industrial technology.
One of the main characteristics of Whitman's landmark poetry is that it
is written in free verse
"Oceania" refers to the
islands of the South and Central Pacific Ocean
John Locke maintained that
legitimate government required the consent of the governed
The independent art song originated by Franz Schubert that united music and poetry was called the
lied
The use of cinematic shots in rapid succession is known as
montage
J. M. W. Turner, John Constable, and Thomas Cole were all noted painters of
natural landscapes
The title of Francis Bacon's landmark work, Novum Organum, means
new method
The French salon, center of intellectual debate, was often organized by
noblewomen
The works of Boucher and Watteau reflect a style
of great delicacy and sensuality, known as Rococo, AND that expressed upper-class tastes
Genre painting depicts scenes of
ordinary life
The most distinctive feature of Imagist poetry was its
pared down, abstract style.
The names Matthew Brady and Eadweard Muybridge are associated with
photography
A hallmark of Delacroix's style is
pictorial license
Mozart drew many of the melodies for his symphonies and compositions from
popular dance tunes
Nietzsche called for a new morality that
privileged the "superman."
The Naturalistic novels of Zola were grounded in his belief that human beings were
products of their enviromnent and their heredity
In the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels prophesized that a revolution would make the ________ the new ruling class.
proletariat
The predominant theme of Rococo paintings was the
pursuit of pleasure
Leading artists of China's Pop art movement, such as Wang Guangyi, have assumed the role of
social critic.
ferroconcrete
steel reinforced concrete; the two materials act together to resist building stresses
The Dutch painter Maria van Oosterwyck and other female artists excelled in which genre?
still life painting
The term, "baroque" in painting comprises all of the following EXCEPT
strict compositional symmetry
In his landmark symphonies, Beethoven made use of
strong contrasts of loud and soft sound, dramatic motifs AND the scherzo
A major component of the music known as "jazz" is
syncopation, improvisation, AND the blues motif.
Freud theorized that the libido was an important drive of
the ID
A major factor in bringing non-Western cultures to the attention of Europeans was
the World's Fairs, documentary photography AND advancing colonialism
Wright's extraordinary house, "Fallingwater," depended on the inventive use of
the cantilever
Diderot's Encyclopedia was
the largest compendium of knowledge produced in the West
Of nineteenth-century music, it is correct to say that
the orchestra grew to grand proportions
In his writings on existentialism, Sartre insisted that each individual is
the sum of his or her own actions.
For their subject matter, the Impressionist painters drew largely on
the urban scene
Characteristic of the music of Debussy is
the use of shifting harmonies
Beckett's Waiting for Godot belongs to a dramatic genre known as
theater of the absurd
The Holocaust resulted from Hitler's
theory of Aryan racial superiority
Goethe's hero, Faust, is symbolic of the Western
urge to transcend limitations
The American writer Henry Thoreau
valued nature as a source of information
Alice Walker
Author of "Everyday Use"
Ecstasy of Saint Theresa
BERNINI, marble, 1645-1652, sculptural interpretation of Theresa's visions of God, natural light redirected into sculpture from window, tactile handling to reveal textures, figures seem to float in space, rays of God's light illuminate the scene, pose suggests sexual exhaustion, stage-like setting
Hiroshima
City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II.
Encyclopédie
Collection of works compiled during the Enlightenment -explained many aspects of society.
Frank Lloyd Wright
Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs.
Charles Dickens
English writer whose novels depicted and criticized social injustice (1812-1870)
Psychoanalysis
Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions
Adolf Hitler
German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)
Friedrich Nietzsche
German philosopher who dismissed reason, democracy, and progress as empty ideas
Albert Einstein
German physicist who developed the theory of relativity, which states that time, space, and mass are relative to each other and not fixed.
The composer associated with the birth of the English oratorio is
Handel
Globalism
a philosophy which regards the entire world as one giant community that should be unified politically and economically
Giovanni Gabrieli came to be celebrated for his
clear and simple religious music
Academic art, as envisioned by Louis XIV and his followers, depended primarily on
neoclassical principles
Louis XIV
(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles.
Voltaire
(1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.
Frederick Douglass
(1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star.
Jean-Paul Sartre
(1905-1980) French existentialist most famous for his statement that "existence precedes essence"--i.e., first we exist and then our decisions and choices shape our character or essence.
Walden
..., written by Henry David Thoreau; a personal account of his life spent in a cabin on the edge of Walden Pond, where he lived simply and found truth
Karl Marx
1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society.
Vincent van Gogh
A Dutch expressionist who painted a "moving visions in his mind's eye"
Modernism
A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated. Rationality, industry, and technology were cornerstones of progress and human achievement.
Holocaust
A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.
montage
A quick succession of images or impressions used to express an idea.
Science Fiction
A type of fantasy that uses science and technology. (Robots, time machines, etc.).
Henry David Thoreau
American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. He wrote down his beliefs in Walden. He started the movement of civil-disobedience when he refused to pay the toll-tax to support him Mexican War.
Impressionism
An artistic movement that sought to capture a momentary feel, or impression, of the piece they were drawing
Baroque
An artistic style of the seventeenth century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation, and contrasting elements
One of the most influential Baroque artists was ________, the designer of the piazza in front of St. Peter's Basilica.
Bernini
Franz Kafka
Czech novelist who wrote in German about a nightmarish world of isolated and troubled individuals (1883-1924)
Simone de Beauvoir
French author of The Second Sex. She argued for women's rights and was also a prominent figure in the existentialist movement. She died in 1986.
William Wordsworth
Leader of English Romanticism who published works in the countryside
Eugène Delacroix
Liberty Leading the People (1830)
The first permanent orchestra in Europe was established by
Louis XIV
A Christmas Carol
Lyrics based on the theme of "Christmas", and which is traditionally sung during the Christmas season
Denis Diderot
Philosopher who edited a book called the Encyclopedia which was banned by the French king and pope.
The Color Purple
The story of a protagonist who is repeatedly raped by a man she thinks is her father. A missionary family in Africa adopts the resulting children. The protagonist's sister, Nettie, works for the missionary family, and the novel takes the form of a series of letters between the sisters. Name this Pulitzer Prize winning novel featuring Celie.
Cubism
an early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.
Pop Art
art based on modern popular culture and the mass media, especially as a critical or ironic comment on traditional fine art values.
Of Bernini's Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, it is correct to say that it was
based on the visions of the saint, executed in marble, stucco and guilded wood, and located inside a church chapel
The belief in a mechanistic universe fashioned by a Creator God who does not directly intervene in its affairs is called
deism
Milton's Paradise Lost is a landmark epic that
describes the fall of Adam and Eve
Which of the genres in which Rembrandt worked was the most lucrative for the Dutch painter?
group portraiture
The text of an opera is found in its
libretto
The term that most accurately describes Parmigianino's Madonna of the Long Neck is
mannerist
Italian baroque churches are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT
minimal ornamentation
hip-hop music
music developed in African-American communities during the late 1970s that features rhythmic and rhyming speech ("rapping") and a 4/4 beat
Whose "music of mystic serenity" captured the conservative quality of the Catholic Reformation?
palestrina
A leading figure in the evolution of academic art was
poussin
In seventeenth-century England, the influential Calvinists who called for church reform were known as
puritans
Total Art
refers to a movement wherein different art forms were synthesized.
Which influential handbook reflected the mysticism and militancy of the Jesuit order?
spiritual exercises
feminism
the belief that women should possess the same political and economic rights as men
Oceania
the group of islands in the Pacific, including Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia
String Theory
the idea that matter behaves differently depending on the vibration of the string-like matter
Neoclassicism
the revival of a classical style or treatment in art, literature, architecture, or music.
photography
the use of light to record an image using a camera
In the seventeenth-century, Cremona, Italy, was the world center for the manufacture of
violins
Matthew Brady
was one of the most celebrated 19th century American photographers, best known for his portraits of celebrities and the documentation of the American Civil War. He is credited with being the father of photojournalism.
The plays of Molière
were often presented at the court of Luois XIV, often included musical interludes, and described the comic foibles of human society
T. S. Eliot
wrote "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," "The Waste Land" and "The Hollow Men;" British WWI poet, playwright, and literary critic
Leo Tolstoy
wrote Anna Karenina, War and Peace; Russian writer, realistic fiction
Spiral Jetty
Robert Smithson, 1970
Henry Fielding and Samuel Richardson were both noted eighteenth-century writers of which new literary form?
The novel
Which of the following items was NOT an innovation of the nineteenth century?
The novel
deism
The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.
The most important new medium in mid-nineteenth-century architecture was
cast iron
Neoclassical art and classical music share an emphasis on
clarity and formal structure
The most famous paintings of Géricault and Goya depicted
current events
Jung argued that the collective unconscious manifested itself in
fairytales, dreams AND archetypes
Arguably the most radical development in music in the last fifty years, as seen in synthesizers and sampling, has been the
impact of electronic technology.
Romanticism might be said to have rebelled against all of the following EXCEPT
individualism
In Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People, the artist featured those whom he considered the heroes of revolutionary France, including
members of the middle and working classes
The first totalitarian state of the twentieth century was established in
Russia