Modern World Exam

Sartre's landmark philosophic treatise is entitled

Being and Nothingness.

Which composer wrote aleatory pieces such as 4' 33"?

Cage

Oliver Twist

Charles (John Huffam) Dickens

Which author offered realistic (and sentimental) depictions of nineteenth-century society in works such as David Copperfield?

Charles Dickens

The fact that the nineteenth century was "the age of the virtuoso" is most evident in the work of

Chopin

Both Donne and Wren were associated with the

Church of Saint Paul's in London

John Locke

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

The United States Supreme Court did not ban school segregation until

1954

Romanticism

19th century artistic movement that appealed to emotion rather than reason

Modern Landmarks

5 science and Technology, 5 People/Ideas/Events 5 art/ architecture/culture Science/tech: electricity relativity, weaponry, photography, xrays, cars, planes, war People / Ideas / Events : Freud, Edison, Einstein Holocaust, Art / Architecture: Pablo Picasso, Frank Lloyd Wright, Matisse.

Candide

A novel by Voltaire that uses fiction as a method of critiquing society.

According to Freud, civilization was the product of the

According to Freud, civilization was the product of the

The nineteenth century was an important time in African history because

African music and literature came to be recorded, medical advances against malaria permitted increased contact with Western explorers, AND Africans produced some of their most notable textile and beadwork artifacts

For much of his music, Aaron Copland found inspiration in

American folk songs.

Sigmund Freud

Austrian neurologist known for his work on the unconscious mind. Father of psychoanalysis.

Which of the following is NOT one of the three parts of the traditional sonata?

Composition

Which of the following attitudes is LEAST characteristic of art in the first half of the twentieth century?

Confidence in an orderly and predictable universe

The artist—whose subject matter was individuals in ordinary settings—who challenged, "Show me an angel and I'll paint one" was

Courbet

Picasso's landmark work Les Demoiselles d'Avignon was a precursor to the style that became known as

Cubism

The artist who wished to "redo nature after Poussin," and whose later work anticipated twentieth-century abstract art, was

Cézanne

Which artistic movement thrived on nihilism and irrationalism?

Dada

The Social Realist who is primarily associated with the medium of lithography is

Daumier

The fusion of art and politics that exalted the ideal of service and sacrifice to one's country is exemplified by which landmark?

David's The Oath of Horatii

Liberty Leading the People

Delacroix, 1830

Which of the following persons was a male counterpart to the abolitionist Sojourner Truth?

Douglass

Which of the following best describes the Romantic architecture at the Royal Pavilion in Brighton?

Eastern exotic

Petrarch

Father of Humanism

Which of the following authors was credited with inventing the modern novel with his Madame Bovary?

Flaubert

Which nineteenth-century composer, who wrote the piece nicknamed "The Surprise," is often called the "father of the symphony"?

Franz Joseph Haydn

Which of the following former slaves learned to write and personally authored a memoir with his or her own hand?

Frederick Douglass

Wang Guangyi

GREAT CRITICISM coca cola and LITHOGRAPHY

Which figure famously recanted his scientific theories in 1633 after having been put on trial for heresy?

Galileo

The artist who became infatuated with unspoiled nature, especially as it existed in Tahiti (where he relocated after abandoning his job and family), was

Gauguin

All of the following figures are generally considered painters of the Rococo style EXCEPT

Greuze

Which of the following statements about George Catlin is FALSE?

He used his paintings to garner support for the government's policy of relocating Native Americans to reservations

Hobbes vs Locke and the declarations

Hobbes vs Locke - Unit 9 Enlightenment - Humanities H: Only way to get people from natural state is monarchy / king. King can create order / social construct. L: Needs to be checks and balances / democracy People should be more responsiible, choose our own leader. Both have ideas of rights. State of nature / law of nature. Right to live, prosper, and justice Declaration of the Rights of Man - 1789 Declaration of Independence - 1776 By Thomas Jefferson What is a quote from the Declaration of Independence that reflects social construct? "We hold these truths to be [obvious], that all men are created equal, that they are [entitled] by their Creator with certain [mandatory] Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness." "All men are created equal" "He has abdicated government hereby declaring us out of his protection and and waging war against us" "We mutually pledge to each other our lives, out fortunes and our sacred honor" "Authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare, that these united colonies aare, and of right out to be, free independant states."

Which of the following men was NOT a significant figure in the movement known as the Scientific Revolution?

Hogarth

The turn from Romanticism to literary Realism is evident in the novels of

Ibsen

The names Gropius and Le Corbusier are associated with the

International Style in architecture.

Which of the following statements about the French Revolution is FALSE?

It served as a model for the American Revolution that shortly followed

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Italian architect and sculptor, famous for Saint Peter's Basilica

The assertion that "the world will never be white again" was made by which author of Go Tell It on the Mountain?

James Baldwin

Which of the following people is considered to be one of the first Realists in the English novel-writing tradition?

Jane Austen

Whose "Ode on a Grecian Urn" concludes that "Beauty is truth, truth beauty"?

Keats

The elements of jazz and street slang in the poetry of Gwendolyn Brooks show the influence of

Langston Hughes.

Bach's cantatas were largely based on

Lutheran Chorales

The landmark work that marked the birth of the Romantic movement in England was William Wordsworth's

Lyrical Ballads

proletariat

Marx's term for the exploited class, the mass of workers who do not own the means of production

Purging the canvas of all recognizable subject matter was the aim of artists such as

Mondrian and Kandinsky.

The movement known as Impressionism took its title from a painting by

Monet

Both El Greco and Velázquez served in the courts of

NOT ENGLAND

the music of debussy

NOT was deeply inspired by Beethoven's symphonies

London's Houses of Parliament are a landmark example of

Neomedievalism

Which one of the following figures does NOT belong with the other three?

Neruda

Albert Einstein and other twentieth-century physicists argued that

Newtonian laws of physics did not function at the cosmic level.

In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, ________ emerged as the center of Western artistic productivity.

Paris

After 1945, there was a shift in major art production from

Paris to New York.

A major component of hip-hop music is

Percussive beats, disco, reggae, and rock influences, and electronic manipulations of music by disc jockeys.

Einstein on the Beach, one of the first operas to employ electronically amplified instrumentation, was written by

Philip Glass

The leading action painter of the twentieth century was

Pollock

The "Great Criticism" series by the Chinese artist Wang Guangyi reflects the influence of

Pop art.

"Whatever is, is right" reflects the philosophic optimism of

Pope

Japanese prints had the greatest influence on late-nineteenth-century European

Postimpressionism

Compare the Rococo and Neoclassical styles, explaining the ways in each reflects the aims, ambitions, adn tastes of the European Enlightenment. Identify 5 landmarks that you think represent these styles the best. You should include a variety of landmarks and include at least 1 of each of the following: writing, painting/drawing and architecture. For each of the 5 landmarks you should write at least 3-5 sentences explaining why you think the landmark should be included in your list.

Rococo: over the top paintings, asymmetry and bright colors. French aristocracy, the swing by Jean Honore Fragohard. Neoclassical: realistic paintings, the idea of the virtues of life order symmetry, simplicity, revolt against the french aristocracy. Dante and virgil by William adolphe.

Vaslav Nijinksy is associated with

Russian dance.

Jules Verne and H. G. Wells were pioneering figures in which literary genre?

Science fiction

The feminist Simone de Beauvoir held that women

Should reject the role of "Other".

The founding figure of the Society of Jesus was

St. Ignatius of Loyola

The effort on the part of contemporary physicists to achieve a "theory of everything" is evident in

String Theory

Goya immortalized the history of the French occupation of Spain in a landmark series of etchings and aquatints known as

The Disasters of War

War and Peace

This epic novel draws from letters, journals, and other historical reports and examines the Napoleonic invasion of Russia in 1812 through the eyes of five aristocratic Russian families.

Communist Manifesto

This is the 1848 book written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels which urges an uprising by workers to seize control of the factors of production from the upper and middle classes.

Johann von Goethe

This man is considered the greatest of German writers who wrote great works of literature and drama as well as works that covered topics as diverse as theology and science. His greatest literary works include Faust and Sorrows of Young Werther.

Leopold Bloom is the central figure in James Joyce's landmark work,

Ulysses

Starry Night

Vincent Van Gogh, 1889

The philosophic optimism of Enlightenment figures was satirized in Candide and other writings by

Voltaire

The pioneer figure in American Pop art was

Warhol

The pioneering narrative films of George Méliès and Edwin S. Porter were early examples of which popular genres?

Westerns and science fiction

Dada Movement

Zurich, Switzerland; anti-art movement in which society didn't deserve art after creation of WWI, meant to provoke, spontaneous performances

Claude Monet

a French painter who used a impressionism called "super-realism," capture overall impression of the thing they were painting

Pablo Picasso

a Spanish artist, founder of Cubism, which focused on geometric shapes and overlapping planes

Guernica

a Spanish town that was brutally bombed and was full of innocent civilians it was supposed to encourage fear, Picasso painted a famous painting capturing Guernica

Descartes' proposition, "I think, therefore I am," demonstrated

a premise he could not doubt

Jazz

a style of music characterized by the use of improvisation in the 1920s

Metamorphosis

a transformation or dramatic change

The Baroque era represents a turning point in music because it witnessed the

adoption of equal temperament tuning, development of oratorio, and birth of opera

Picasso's landmark painting, Guernica, immortalized the

aerial bombing of a civilian target

In his Novum Organum, Bacon objected to

an overreliance in inductive reasoning

Some critics contend that Postmodernism originated with the rejection of the International Style in the field of

architecture

Minimalism and geometric abstraction have this in common: they

are largely nonrepresentational.

By "sublime," romantics like Wordsworth were referring to

awe-inspiring nature

Puccini's verismo operas

brought a new level of realism into opera

Fauvist artworks are most notable for their bold use of

color

One reason that both Protestants and Catholics opposed the heliocentric theory was that it

contradicted Scripture

According to Marcel Duchamp and other Dada figures, the artists should be the

destroyers of tradition.

Darwin contributed to the study of biology chiefly by

developing the theory of natural selection

Ingres' Grande Odalisque deviated from the principles of Classical art by

disproportionately elongating the body of his female subject

Merce Cunningham's choreography is considered radical because it

does not depend on music.

Romantic ballets such as La sylphide derived their plot lines from

fairy tales and folk legends

Late nineteenth-century colonialism had as its primary motivating force the need

for materials and markets

Francis Bacon called the false dogmas or teachings that hindered clear thinking

idols

In his landmark poem The Rock, T. S. Eliot claimed that the knowledge accumulated by Western civilization brought twentiethcentury Westerners closer to

ignorance and death.

The aesthetic, production, and materials of minimalist artworks are inspired by

industrial technology.

One of the main characteristics of Whitman's landmark poetry is that it

is written in free verse

"Oceania" refers to the

islands of the South and Central Pacific Ocean

John Locke maintained that

legitimate government required the consent of the governed

The independent art song originated by Franz Schubert that united music and poetry was called the

lied

The use of cinematic shots in rapid succession is known as

montage

J. M. W. Turner, John Constable, and Thomas Cole were all noted painters of

natural landscapes

The title of Francis Bacon's landmark work, Novum Organum, means

new method

The French salon, center of intellectual debate, was often organized by

noblewomen

The works of Boucher and Watteau reflect a style

of great delicacy and sensuality, known as Rococo, AND that expressed upper-class tastes

Genre painting depicts scenes of

ordinary life

The most distinctive feature of Imagist poetry was its

pared down, abstract style.

The names Matthew Brady and Eadweard Muybridge are associated with

photography

A hallmark of Delacroix's style is

pictorial license

Mozart drew many of the melodies for his symphonies and compositions from

popular dance tunes

Nietzsche called for a new morality that

privileged the "superman."

The Naturalistic novels of Zola were grounded in his belief that human beings were

products of their enviromnent and their heredity

In the Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels prophesized that a revolution would make the ________ the new ruling class.

proletariat

The predominant theme of Rococo paintings was the

pursuit of pleasure

Leading artists of China's Pop art movement, such as Wang Guangyi, have assumed the role of

social critic.

ferroconcrete

steel reinforced concrete; the two materials act together to resist building stresses

The Dutch painter Maria van Oosterwyck and other female artists excelled in which genre?

still life painting

The term, "baroque" in painting comprises all of the following EXCEPT

strict compositional symmetry

In his landmark symphonies, Beethoven made use of

strong contrasts of loud and soft sound, dramatic motifs AND the scherzo

A major component of the music known as "jazz" is

syncopation, improvisation, AND the blues motif.

Freud theorized that the libido was an important drive of

the ID

A major factor in bringing non-Western cultures to the attention of Europeans was

the World's Fairs, documentary photography AND advancing colonialism

Wright's extraordinary house, "Fallingwater," depended on the inventive use of

the cantilever

Diderot's Encyclopedia was

the largest compendium of knowledge produced in the West

Of nineteenth-century music, it is correct to say that

the orchestra grew to grand proportions

In his writings on existentialism, Sartre insisted that each individual is

the sum of his or her own actions.

For their subject matter, the Impressionist painters drew largely on

the urban scene

Characteristic of the music of Debussy is

the use of shifting harmonies

Beckett's Waiting for Godot belongs to a dramatic genre known as

theater of the absurd

The Holocaust resulted from Hitler's

theory of Aryan racial superiority

Goethe's hero, Faust, is symbolic of the Western

urge to transcend limitations

The American writer Henry Thoreau

valued nature as a source of information

Alice Walker

Author of "Everyday Use"

Ecstasy of Saint Theresa

BERNINI, marble, 1645-1652, sculptural interpretation of Theresa's visions of God, natural light redirected into sculpture from window, tactile handling to reveal textures, figures seem to float in space, rays of God's light illuminate the scene, pose suggests sexual exhaustion, stage-like setting

Hiroshima

City in Japan, the first to be destroyed by an atomic bomb, on August 6, 1945. The bombing hastened the end of World War II.

Encyclopédie

Collection of works compiled during the Enlightenment -explained many aspects of society.

Frank Lloyd Wright

Considered America's greatest architect. Pioneered the concept that a building should blend into and harmonize with its surroundings rather than following classical designs.

Charles Dickens

English writer whose novels depicted and criticized social injustice (1812-1870)

Psychoanalysis

Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts; the techniques used in treating psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret unconscious tensions

Adolf Hitler

German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945)

Friedrich Nietzsche

German philosopher who dismissed reason, democracy, and progress as empty ideas

Albert Einstein

German physicist who developed the theory of relativity, which states that time, space, and mass are relative to each other and not fixed.

The composer associated with the birth of the English oratorio is

Handel

Globalism

a philosophy which regards the entire world as one giant community that should be unified politically and economically

Giovanni Gabrieli came to be celebrated for his

clear and simple religious music

Academic art, as envisioned by Louis XIV and his followers, depended primarily on

neoclassical principles

Louis XIV

(1638-1715) Known as the Sun King, he was an absolute monarch that completely controlled France. One of his greatest accomplishments was the building of the palace at Versailles.

Voltaire

(1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.

Frederick Douglass

(1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star.

Jean-Paul Sartre

(1905-1980) French existentialist most famous for his statement that "existence precedes essence"--i.e., first we exist and then our decisions and choices shape our character or essence.

Walden

..., written by Henry David Thoreau; a personal account of his life spent in a cabin on the edge of Walden Pond, where he lived simply and found truth

Karl Marx

1818-1883. 19th century philosopher, political economist, sociologist, humanist, political theorist, and revolutionary. Often recognized as the father of communism. Analysis of history led to his belief that communism would replace capitalism as it replaced feudalism. Believed in a classless society.

Vincent van Gogh

A Dutch expressionist who painted a "moving visions in his mind's eye"

Modernism

A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated. Rationality, industry, and technology were cornerstones of progress and human achievement.

Holocaust

A methodical plan orchestrated by Hitler to ensure German supremacy. It called for the elimination of Jews, non-conformists, homosexuals, non-Aryans, and mentally and physically disabled.

montage

A quick succession of images or impressions used to express an idea.

Science Fiction

A type of fantasy that uses science and technology. (Robots, time machines, etc.).

Henry David Thoreau

American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery. He wrote down his beliefs in Walden. He started the movement of civil-disobedience when he refused to pay the toll-tax to support him Mexican War.

Impressionism

An artistic movement that sought to capture a momentary feel, or impression, of the piece they were drawing

Baroque

An artistic style of the seventeenth century characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation, and contrasting elements

One of the most influential Baroque artists was ________, the designer of the piazza in front of St. Peter's Basilica.

Bernini

Franz Kafka

Czech novelist who wrote in German about a nightmarish world of isolated and troubled individuals (1883-1924)

Simone de Beauvoir

French author of The Second Sex. She argued for women's rights and was also a prominent figure in the existentialist movement. She died in 1986.

William Wordsworth

Leader of English Romanticism who published works in the countryside

Eugène Delacroix

Liberty Leading the People (1830)

The first permanent orchestra in Europe was established by

Louis XIV

A Christmas Carol

Lyrics based on the theme of "Christmas", and which is traditionally sung during the Christmas season

Denis Diderot

Philosopher who edited a book called the Encyclopedia which was banned by the French king and pope.

The Color Purple

The story of a protagonist who is repeatedly raped by a man she thinks is her father. A missionary family in Africa adopts the resulting children. The protagonist's sister, Nettie, works for the missionary family, and the novel takes the form of a series of letters between the sisters. Name this Pulitzer Prize winning novel featuring Celie.

Cubism

an early 20th-century style and movement in art, especially painting, in which perspective with a single viewpoint was abandoned and use was made of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, later, collage.

Pop Art

art based on modern popular culture and the mass media, especially as a critical or ironic comment on traditional fine art values.

Of Bernini's Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, it is correct to say that it was

based on the visions of the saint, executed in marble, stucco and guilded wood, and located inside a church chapel

The belief in a mechanistic universe fashioned by a Creator God who does not directly intervene in its affairs is called

deism

Milton's Paradise Lost is a landmark epic that

describes the fall of Adam and Eve

Which of the genres in which Rembrandt worked was the most lucrative for the Dutch painter?

group portraiture

The text of an opera is found in its

libretto

The term that most accurately describes Parmigianino's Madonna of the Long Neck is

mannerist

Italian baroque churches are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

minimal ornamentation

hip-hop music

music developed in African-American communities during the late 1970s that features rhythmic and rhyming speech ("rapping") and a 4/4 beat

Whose "music of mystic serenity" captured the conservative quality of the Catholic Reformation?

palestrina

A leading figure in the evolution of academic art was

poussin

In seventeenth-century England, the influential Calvinists who called for church reform were known as

puritans

Total Art

refers to a movement wherein different art forms were synthesized.

Which influential handbook reflected the mysticism and militancy of the Jesuit order?

spiritual exercises

feminism

the belief that women should possess the same political and economic rights as men

Oceania

the group of islands in the Pacific, including Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia

String Theory

the idea that matter behaves differently depending on the vibration of the string-like matter

Neoclassicism

the revival of a classical style or treatment in art, literature, architecture, or music.

photography

the use of light to record an image using a camera

In the seventeenth-century, Cremona, Italy, was the world center for the manufacture of

violins

Matthew Brady

was one of the most celebrated 19th century American photographers, best known for his portraits of celebrities and the documentation of the American Civil War. He is credited with being the father of photojournalism.

The plays of Molière

were often presented at the court of Luois XIV, often included musical interludes, and described the comic foibles of human society

T. S. Eliot

wrote "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," "The Waste Land" and "The Hollow Men;" British WWI poet, playwright, and literary critic

Leo Tolstoy

wrote Anna Karenina, War and Peace; Russian writer, realistic fiction

Spiral Jetty

Robert Smithson, 1970

Henry Fielding and Samuel Richardson were both noted eighteenth-century writers of which new literary form?

The novel

Which of the following items was NOT an innovation of the nineteenth century?

The novel

deism

The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.

The most important new medium in mid-nineteenth-century architecture was

cast iron

Neoclassical art and classical music share an emphasis on

clarity and formal structure

The most famous paintings of Géricault and Goya depicted

current events

Jung argued that the collective unconscious manifested itself in

fairytales, dreams AND archetypes

Arguably the most radical development in music in the last fifty years, as seen in synthesizers and sampling, has been the

impact of electronic technology.

Romanticism might be said to have rebelled against all of the following EXCEPT

individualism

In Delacroix's Liberty Leading the People, the artist featured those whom he considered the heroes of revolutionary France, including

members of the middle and working classes

The first totalitarian state of the twentieth century was established in

Russia