Module 1: Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Programming

13. A bit that is turned off represents the following value: __________.

0

Input Device

A device used to enter information into a computer.

two's complement

A method of representing negative numbers in the binary system.

Assembler

A program that translates an assembly-language program into machine code

Compiler

A program that translates code in a high-level language (such as Java) to machine instructions (such as bytecode for the Java virtual machine).

high level language

A programming language like Python that is designed to be easy for humans to read and write.

low-level language

A programming language that is designed to be easy for a computer to execute; also called machine language or assembly language.

Floating Point notation

A real number represented by a sign, some significant digits (the mantissa) and a power of 2 (the exponent).

Microprocessor

A small circuit board that controls all the processing within a computer.

external disk drive

A storage device that can be attached temporarily to a computer.

14. A set of 128 numeric codes that represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters is __________.

ASCII

ASCII

American Standard Code for Information Interchange

Syntax Error

An error in a program that makes it impossible to parse — and therefore impossible to interpret.

8. A component that collects data from people or other devices and sends it to the computer is called __________. a. an output device b. an input device c. a secondary storage device d. main memory

An input device

Word Processing programs, spreadsheet programs, email programs, Web browsers, and game programs belong to what category of software?

Application Software

22. The __________ translates an assembly language program to a machine language program.

Assembler

What type of programming language allows you to create powerful and complex programs without knowing how the CPU works?

Assembly language

12. In the __________ numbering system, all numeric values are written as sequences of 0s and 1s. a. hexadecimal b. binary c. octal d. decimal

Binary

In what numbering system are all numeric values written as sequences of 0s and 1s?

Binary

Machine language

Binary code made up of 0s and 1s; usually this is data converted from a high-level language by a compiler. Often used as a synonym for low-level programming language.

11. A byte is made up of eight __________. a. CPUs b. instructions c. variables d. bits

Bits

What part of the computer actually runs programs?

CPU

List the five major components of a computer system.

CPU Main Memory Secondary Storage Input devices Output devices

Decode

CPU decodes the instruction fetched from memory to determine which action to perform.

The CPU

Central Processing Unit; the brain of the computer. The part of the computer that actually runs the programs.

What do you call a program that translates a high level language program into a separate machine language program?

Compiler

What do the terms digital data and digital device mean?

Digital Data-data stored in binary Digital Device-any device that works with binary

17. Real numbers are encoded using the __________ technique.

Floating Point Notation

2. The physical devices that a computer is made of are referred to as ___________.

Hardware

What part of the computer collects data from people and other devices?

Input

What do you call a program that both translates and executes the instructions in a high level language program?

Interpreter

What is the purpose of ASCII?

It is an encoding scheme that uses a set of 128 numeric codes to represent the English letters, various punctuation marks, and other characters. These numeric codes are used to store characters in a computer's memory. (ASCII stands for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange.)

5. The computer stores a program while the program is running, as well as the data that the program is working with, in __________. a. secondary storage b. the CPU c. main memory d. the microprocessor

Main Memory

A program has to be copied into what type of memory each time the cpu executes it?

Main Memory(Ram)

4. Today, CPUs are small chips known as __________. a. ENIACs b. microprocessors c. memory chips d. operating systems

Microprocessors

What fundamental set of programs controls the internal operations of the computer's hardware?

Operating System

What part of the computer formats and presents data for people or other devices?

Output

9. A video display is a(n) __________ device. a. output device b. input device c. secondary storage device d. main memory

Output device

read-only memory (ROM)

Permanent storage; instructions are burned onto chips by the manufacturer. Nonvolatile

1. A(n) ____________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task?

Program

Interpretor

Program that converts program to machine language at run time

Assembly language

Programming language that has the same structure and set of commands as machine languages but allows programmers to use symbolic representations of numeric machine code.

Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

Provides a developer with a way to create a program, run the program, and debug the program all within one application.

6. This is a volatile type of memory that is used only for temporary storage while a program is running. a. RAM b. secondary storage c. the disk drive d. the USB drive

RAM

What part of the computer serves as a work area to store a program and its data while the program is running?

RAM

7. A type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time - even when there is no power to the computer- is called ________.

Secondary Storage

What part of the compute holds data for long periods of time, even when there is no power to the computer?

Secondary storage

Program

Set of instructions that a compute follows to perform a task.

Secondary Storage

Storage that is remote to the CPU and permanently holds data, even when the PC is turned off, such as a hard drive.

24. The rules that must be followed when writing a program are called __________.

Syntax

Each language has a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program. What is the set of rules called?

Syntax

What type of mistake is usually caused by a misspelled key word, a missing punctuation character, or the incorrect use of an operator?

Syntax error

3. The part of a computer that runs programs is called __________. a. RAM b. secondary storage c. main memory d. the CPU

The CPU

CPU's instruction set

The entire set of instructions that a CPU can execute

Binary numbering system

The numbering system that represents all numbers using just two symbols (0 and 1).

Hardware

The physical components of a computer.

What is hardware?

The physical components of a computer.

Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle

The process that the CPU uses to retrieve and execute instructions

Flash Memory

Type of nonvolatile memory that can be erased electronically and rewritten.

15. An extensive encoding scheme that can represent the characters of many of the languages in the world is __________.

Unicode

What encoding scheme is extensive to represent all the characters of all languages of the world?

Unicode

What do you call a program that performs a specialized task, such as a virus scanner, a file compression program, or data backup program?

Utility Program

What amount of memory is enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number.

a byte

What is a program?

a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task

syntax

a set of rules that must be strictly followed when writing a program.

Output device

allows the user to view or listen to the data a computer processes such as a monitor, printer, headphones, or speakers

Input

any data the computer collects from other people and from other devices.

Output

any data the computer produces for people or for other devices.

Bit

binary digit; 1/8 of a byte. Tiny switches that can be turned on or off.

19. If you were to look at a machine language program, you would see __________.

binary numbers

What do you call a tiny switch that can be set to either on or off?

bit

10. A __________ is enough memory to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number. a. byte b. bit c. switch d. transistor

byte

Hard Drive

computer hardware that holds and spins a magnetic or optical disk and reads and writes information on it

Application Software

computer software created to allow the user to perform a specific job or task

Source Code

contains instructions written by a programmer specifying the actions to be performed by computer software

Optical Devices

data encoded optically; CDS; DVDS. Use a laser to to detect the pits on the disk surface.

Cloud Storage

data stored on a remote server via the internet or a company's private network.

20. In the __________ part of the fetch-decode-execute cycle, the CPU determines which operation it should perform.

decode

What is assembly language?

fetch-decode-execute

When a CPU executes the instructions in a program, it is engaged in what process?

fetch-decode-execute

A CPU understands instructions that are written only in what language?

machine language

21. Computers can execute only programs that are written in __________.

machine level language

23. The words that make up a high-level programming language are called __________.

mneumonics

Operating System (OS)

most fundamental set of programs on a computer. Controls the internal operations of the computer's hardware, manages all the devices connected to the computer.

Operators

perform operations on data

Utility Programs

performs a specialized task that enhances the computer's operation or safeguards data

Programmer(software developer)

person with the training and skills necessary to design, create and test computer programs.

18. The tiny dots of color that digital images are composed of are called __________.

pixels

Fetch

reading the next instruction from memory into the cpu

Universal Serial Bus Drives(USB drives)

small devices that plug into the computer's USB port. Stores information in flash memory.

Disk Drive

stores data by magnetically encoding it onto a circular disk

Solid State Drive

stores data in solid state memory. No moving parts; operates faster than a traditional disk drive.

Main Memory(RAM)

the computer's work area; volatile

Statements

the individual instructions that you use to write a program in a high-level programming language

software

the programs and other operating information used by a computer.

Software Development Tools

the programs that programmers use to create, modify, and test software

Byte

tiny storage locations that a computer's memory is divided into. Enough to store a letter of the alphabet or a small number.

Execute

to perform the operation

16. Negative numbers are encoded using the __________ technique.

two's complement

reserved words/keywords

word symbols in a programming language that cannot be redefined in any program