Module 1 Pharm2
Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)
atorvastatin (Lipitor)
Electrolyte Treats hypokalemia NEVER given IV push
potassium chloride (KCl)
Give low first dose of this drug
prazosin (Minipress)
Order: Ibuprofen 10 mgs/kg/dose. Client weighs 49 pounds. Ibuprofen vial is labeled 100 mgs/5 mls. How many mls will you administer?
11
Order: Hydroxyzine 2 mgs/kg/dose every 6 hours. The client weighs 134 pounds. How many mgs will you administer?
121.8
Which of the following fasting blood glucose levels is indicative of Diabetes Mellitus? 100 mg/dl or greater 110 mg/dl or greater 126 mg/dl or greater 86 mg/dl or greater
126 mg/dl or greater
The healthcare provider orders an isotonic solution to run intravenously (IV). Which of the following solutions should the nurse anticipate delivering? 0.45% Sodium Chloride 0.9% Sodium Chloride 3% Sodium Chloride 5% Dextrose in Normal Saline
0.9% Sodium Chloride
Sodium bicarb lab value
22-26
Potassium lab values
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
What is the onset of action for regular insulin (Humulin R)? 15-20 minutes 10-15 minutes 30-60 minutes 20-30 minutes
30-60 min
CO2 lab value
35-45
Calcium lab value
4-11
Gemfibrozil impact on cholesterol
50% reduction in VLDL with an increase in HDL Less effective than the statins
Electrolyte, drug for acidosis Oral preparation is known as baking soda
sodium bicarbonate
Electrolyte, sodium supplement
sodium chloride (NaCl)
Potassium sparing diuretic Used to treat mild HTN Inhibits aldosterone
spironolactone (Aldactone)
Antimigraine drug Causes vasoconstriction of cranial arteries
sumatriptan (Imitrex)
cholestyramine has no _____ effects
systemic
Chloride lab value
95-105 mEq/L
Cardiac dysrhythmia
A clinical manifestation that may indicate hypokalemia when taking metolazone (Zaroxolyn)
Anemia
A condition in which a person has fewer red blood cells than normal and feels very weak and tired.
Diuretics
A substance that increases the amount of urine you pass from your body.
Which to admin first- albuterol or oxymetazoline?
Administer the Albuterol (bronchodilator) first to open up the airway so that the corticosteroid can work. Allow 5 minutes in between the two administrations
prazosin MOA
Adrenergic blocking drug Antihypertensive Competes with norepinephrine at its receptors on vascular smooth muscle in arteries and veins
How to use albuterol
Albuterol is a rescue medication and should not be utilized daily
phenylephrine uses
Available as intranasal, ophthalmic, IM, SQ, and IV Nasal decongestant Antihypotensive
atropine MOA
Blocks the parasympathetic actions of ACh and induces symptoms of fight or flight response
Aspirin MOA
COX inhibitor Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
most common composition of a renal stone
Calcium
heme
Carries the oxygen molecule
thrombin
Changes fibrinogen to fibrin
fibrinolysis
Clot removal that starts within 24-48 hours of clot formation
leukocytes
Defends the body against infection and removes debris
folate
Deficiency during pregnancy has been linked to neural tube defects
bethanechol MOA
Direct acting parasympathomimetic
thrombocytopenia
Disorder of a lack of platelets
thrombolytics
Dissolve existing thrombi
ferrous sulfate
Drug used to treat iron deficiency in the body
cyanocobalamin
Drug used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency
platelet
Essential for blood coagulation and control of bleeding
Which of the following receptors are responsible for symptoms of allergic rhinitis? H2 receptors Nicotinic H3 receptors H1 receptors
H1
Nephrotoxicity-
Important to monitor for by assessing urine output and renal lab values
physostigmine MOA
Indirect acting parasympathomimetic Inhibits the destruction of Ach by AChE
anticoagulants
Inhibit clotting factors, prevent thrombus growth
hemostatics
Inhibit fibrinolysis, promote clot stability
antiplatelets
Inhibit platelet action, prevent thrombus growth
You are completing the pathophysiology section of your nursing plan of care worksheet for your assigned client in the clinical unit. What information about the pathophysiology of Pneumonia are you going to include in that section? It is an accumulation of fluid or air in the pleural space (between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura). The most common organism for hospital-acquired Pneumonia is COVID - 19. The most common causative viral organism for hospital-acquired Pneumonia is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma (functional lung tissue) resulting from a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection.
It is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma (functional lung tissue) resulting from a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection.
Thiazide diuretics
Largest, most commonly prescribed medications for increased urine output
Aspirin uses
Mild to moderate relief of fever Anticoagulant activity
how to admin cholestyramine
Mix thoroughly with 60-180 mls of fluid and drink immediately
Patient teaching for atherosclerosis
Monitor blood lipid levels regularly, maintain weight at an optimal level, implement a medically supervised exercise plan, reduce dietary saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol, Increase soluble fiber in the diet such as that found in oat bran, apples, beans and broccoli, and eliminate tobacco usage
___________ is a Schedule II Controlled substance
Morphine (Astramorph PF)
Drug used for complete or partial reversal of opioid effects
Naloxone (Narcan)
Which is NOT a concern regarding renal function for the pediatric client? Decreased concentrating ability. Narrow margin for fluid and electrolyte balance. Number of nephrons decrease due to renal vascular and perfusion changes. Decreased ability to remove excess water and solutes.
Number of nephrons decrease due to renal vascular and perfusion changes.
Morphine MOA
Opioid receptor agonist Binds with mu and kappa receptor sites to produce profound analgesia
Naloxone MOA
Opioid receptor antagonist Blocks mu and kappa receptors
Aldactone
Potassium sparing drug for increased urine output
In teaching a hypertensive client to avoid orthostatic hypotension, the nurse should emphasize which of the following instructions? Select all that apply. Arise slowly from the bed. Avoid standing still for long periods. Take cool baths. Avoid alcohol intake Adjust times for medications as needed.
arise slowly, avoid standing still
Patho of atherosclerosis
Refers to the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on your artery walls (plaque) which can restrict blood flow. The plaque can burst, triggering a blood clot. Can affect arteries anywhere in the body.
erythrocyte
Responsible for tissue oxygenation
phenylephrine MOA
Selective alpha adrenergic agonist
Blood pressure within systemic circulation is highest in which location? arteries aorta capillaries venules
aorta
meds for atherosclerosis
Statins (Atorvastatin), HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors, Bile Acid sequestrants (Cholestyramine), fibric acid drugs (Gemfibrozil) and Niacin
Which of the following hormones are controlled by the pituitary gland? Select all that apply. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Glucocorticoids Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
TSH, ACTH, ADH
intrinsic
The factor responsible for vitamin B12 metabolism
how to use oxymetazoline
The usage of Afrin twice a day is over usage and should be only used for 3-5 days and nosebleeds should be reported as a serious adverse effect
Cholesterol lab values (total, LDL, HDL, TG)
Total Cholesterol: Less than 200: LDL cholesterol less than 100 HDL Cholesterol Less than 40 (men) or 50 (women) Serum triglycerides less than 150
transferrin
Transports iron to other body sites
What is the primary role of intrinsic factor? Stimulation of the production of erythrocytes Vitamin B12 metabolism Vitamin B6 rejuvenation Enhance carbon dioxide capacity
Vitamin B12 metabolism
Which of the following are common signs of Tuberculosis? Select all that apply. Weight loss, anorexia Productive cough that becomes more frequent Hypertension Fatigue, lethargy Night Sweats
Weight loss, anorexia Productive cough that becomes more frequent Fatigue, lethargy Night Sweats
Chlorothiazide
When taking this drug, report muscle cramping or weakness to the healthcare provider
For patients who have risk factors associated with development of Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff), the nurse should observe for which of the following findings? Select all that apply. Abdominal discomfort Fever Worsening of constipation Worsening of diarrhea Hyperglycemia
abdominal discomfort, fever, worsening of diarrhea
Renin angiotensin system
activated by decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles
Which of the following is a nonmodifiable risk factor related to atherosclerosis? Age Dietary preferences Exercise level Type 2 Diabetes
age
The client presents to the ER with wheezing, coughing, and decreased breath sounds throughout the pulmonary structures. Which drug should the nurse anticipate administering? montelukast (Singulair) tablet beclomethasone (Qvar) nebulizer albuterol (Ventolin) nebulizer fluticasone (Flonase) inhaler
albuterol (Ventolin) nebulizer
sumatriptan may produce:
cardiac ischemia
Bile acid sequestrant Antihyperlipidemic
cholestyramine (Questran)
Which pathway of nerves stimulate muscarinic receptors? Sympathetic Adrenergic Sympathomimetic Cholinergic
cholinergic
Colloid Plasma volume expander Raises osmotic pressure of the blood
dextran 40 (Gentran 40)
Acute cystitis
diagnosis presenting with cloudy urine, flank pain, and hematuria
Acute glomerulonephritis
diagnosis presenting with hematuria with RBC casts and proteinuria >3-5 g/day, with albumin as the major protein.
bethanechol effects most noted in the:
digestive and urinary tracts
Asthma and COPD- combo of:
emphysema and bronchitis Wheezing and coughing No alteration in production of sputum Lower airway swelling
Which is the most abundant cell in the body? Agranulocytes Granulocytes Platelets Erythrocytes
erythrocytes
Loop Diuretic Removes large amounts of excess fluid in a short time Begins working within 5 mins
furosemide (Lasix)
Fibric acid drug Antihyperlipidemic
gemfibrozil (Lopid)
Place the anatomical regions of the genitourinary system in order from the kidney to the ureter.
glomerulus, PCT, descending LOH, ascending LOH, DCT, collecting duct
Which of the following is a key chemical mediator in allergic reactions? Histamine Prostaglandins Bradykinin Leukotrines
histamine
ADH
hormone required for reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts
Thiazide diuretic Most widely prescribed for HTN Most common med found in fixed dose combinations Acts on the kidney tubule
hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)
Which of the following is the prototype drug for disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMRDs)? cyclosporine (Neoral) Interferon alfa-2b (Intron-A) hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) allopurinol (Zyloprim)
hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)
Which of the following explains the influence of aging on the development of peripheral vascular disease? Decreased resistance Increased viscosity Decreased viscosity Increased resistance
increased resistance
0.9% Sodium Chloride 3% Sodium Chloride 0.45% Sodium Chloride which is iso/hypo/hypertonic?
iso, hyper, hypo
GFR
lab test to best estimate renal function
Furosemide-
loop diuretic
Which of the following lab values is the most alarming? pCO2 45 pH 7.28 Sodium 140 mEq/L Potassium 4.2 mEq/L
pH 7.28
Antidote of atropine
physostigmine
you should never use this drug continuous IV
physostigmine
Steps of hemostasis
vessel injury, vessel spasm, platelets adhere to injury site and aggregate to form plug, insoluble fibrin strands form and coagulate