Module 1 Pharm2

Antihyperlipidemic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statin)

atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Electrolyte Treats hypokalemia NEVER given IV push

potassium chloride (KCl)

Give low first dose of this drug

prazosin (Minipress)

Order: Ibuprofen 10 mgs/kg/dose. Client weighs 49 pounds. Ibuprofen vial is labeled 100 mgs/5 mls. How many mls will you administer?

11

Order: Hydroxyzine 2 mgs/kg/dose every 6 hours. The client weighs 134 pounds. How many mgs will you administer?

121.8

Which of the following fasting blood glucose levels is indicative of Diabetes Mellitus? 100 mg/dl or greater 110 mg/dl or greater 126 mg/dl or greater 86 mg/dl or greater

126 mg/dl or greater

The healthcare provider orders an isotonic solution to run intravenously (IV). Which of the following solutions should the nurse anticipate delivering? 0.45% Sodium Chloride 0.9% Sodium Chloride 3% Sodium Chloride 5% Dextrose in Normal Saline

0.9% Sodium Chloride

Sodium bicarb lab value

22-26

Potassium lab values

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

What is the onset of action for regular insulin (Humulin R)? 15-20 minutes 10-15 minutes 30-60 minutes 20-30 minutes

30-60 min

CO2 lab value

35-45

Calcium lab value

4-11

Gemfibrozil impact on cholesterol

50% reduction in VLDL with an increase in HDL Less effective than the statins

Electrolyte, drug for acidosis Oral preparation is known as baking soda

sodium bicarbonate

Electrolyte, sodium supplement

sodium chloride (NaCl)

Potassium sparing diuretic Used to treat mild HTN Inhibits aldosterone

spironolactone (Aldactone)

Antimigraine drug Causes vasoconstriction of cranial arteries

sumatriptan (Imitrex)

cholestyramine has no _____ effects

systemic

Chloride lab value

95-105 mEq/L

Cardiac dysrhythmia

A clinical manifestation that may indicate hypokalemia when taking metolazone (Zaroxolyn)

Anemia

A condition in which a person has fewer red blood cells than normal and feels very weak and tired.

Diuretics

A substance that increases the amount of urine you pass from your body.

Which to admin first- albuterol or oxymetazoline?

Administer the Albuterol (bronchodilator) first to open up the airway so that the corticosteroid can work. Allow 5 minutes in between the two administrations

prazosin MOA

Adrenergic blocking drug Antihypertensive Competes with norepinephrine at its receptors on vascular smooth muscle in arteries and veins

How to use albuterol

Albuterol is a rescue medication and should not be utilized daily

phenylephrine uses

Available as intranasal, ophthalmic, IM, SQ, and IV Nasal decongestant Antihypotensive

atropine MOA

Blocks the parasympathetic actions of ACh and induces symptoms of fight or flight response

Aspirin MOA

COX inhibitor Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis

most common composition of a renal stone

Calcium

heme

Carries the oxygen molecule

thrombin

Changes fibrinogen to fibrin

fibrinolysis

Clot removal that starts within 24-48 hours of clot formation

leukocytes

Defends the body against infection and removes debris

folate

Deficiency during pregnancy has been linked to neural tube defects

bethanechol MOA

Direct acting parasympathomimetic

thrombocytopenia

Disorder of a lack of platelets

thrombolytics

Dissolve existing thrombi

ferrous sulfate

Drug used to treat iron deficiency in the body

cyanocobalamin

Drug used to treat vitamin B12 deficiency

platelet

Essential for blood coagulation and control of bleeding

Which of the following receptors are responsible for symptoms of allergic rhinitis? H2 receptors Nicotinic H3 receptors H1 receptors

H1

Nephrotoxicity-

Important to monitor for by assessing urine output and renal lab values

physostigmine MOA

Indirect acting parasympathomimetic Inhibits the destruction of Ach by AChE

anticoagulants

Inhibit clotting factors, prevent thrombus growth

hemostatics

Inhibit fibrinolysis, promote clot stability

antiplatelets

Inhibit platelet action, prevent thrombus growth

You are completing the pathophysiology section of your nursing plan of care worksheet for your assigned client in the clinical unit. What information about the pathophysiology of Pneumonia are you going to include in that section? It is an accumulation of fluid or air in the pleural space (between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura). The most common organism for hospital-acquired Pneumonia is COVID - 19. The most common causative viral organism for hospital-acquired Pneumonia is Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma (functional lung tissue) resulting from a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection.

It is an inflammation of the lung parenchyma (functional lung tissue) resulting from a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection.

Thiazide diuretics

Largest, most commonly prescribed medications for increased urine output

Aspirin uses

Mild to moderate relief of fever Anticoagulant activity

how to admin cholestyramine

Mix thoroughly with 60-180 mls of fluid and drink immediately

Patient teaching for atherosclerosis

Monitor blood lipid levels regularly, maintain weight at an optimal level, implement a medically supervised exercise plan, reduce dietary saturated fats, trans fats, and cholesterol, Increase soluble fiber in the diet such as that found in oat bran, apples, beans and broccoli, and eliminate tobacco usage

___________ is a Schedule II Controlled substance

Morphine (Astramorph PF)

Drug used for complete or partial reversal of opioid effects

Naloxone (Narcan)

Which is NOT a concern regarding renal function for the pediatric client? Decreased concentrating ability. Narrow margin for fluid and electrolyte balance. Number of nephrons decrease due to renal vascular and perfusion changes. Decreased ability to remove excess water and solutes.

Number of nephrons decrease due to renal vascular and perfusion changes.

Morphine MOA

Opioid receptor agonist Binds with mu and kappa receptor sites to produce profound analgesia

Naloxone MOA

Opioid receptor antagonist Blocks mu and kappa receptors

Aldactone

Potassium sparing drug for increased urine output

In teaching a hypertensive client to avoid orthostatic hypotension, the nurse should emphasize which of the following instructions? Select all that apply. Arise slowly from the bed. Avoid standing still for long periods. Take cool baths. Avoid alcohol intake Adjust times for medications as needed.

arise slowly, avoid standing still

Patho of atherosclerosis

Refers to the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on your artery walls (plaque) which can restrict blood flow. The plaque can burst, triggering a blood clot. Can affect arteries anywhere in the body.

erythrocyte

Responsible for tissue oxygenation

phenylephrine MOA

Selective alpha adrenergic agonist

Blood pressure within systemic circulation is highest in which location? arteries aorta capillaries venules

aorta

meds for atherosclerosis

Statins (Atorvastatin), HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors, Bile Acid sequestrants (Cholestyramine), fibric acid drugs (Gemfibrozil) and Niacin

Which of the following hormones are controlled by the pituitary gland? Select all that apply. Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Glucocorticoids Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

TSH, ACTH, ADH

intrinsic

The factor responsible for vitamin B12 metabolism

how to use oxymetazoline

The usage of Afrin twice a day is over usage and should be only used for 3-5 days and nosebleeds should be reported as a serious adverse effect

Cholesterol lab values (total, LDL, HDL, TG)

Total Cholesterol: Less than 200: LDL cholesterol less than 100 HDL Cholesterol Less than 40 (men) or 50 (women) Serum triglycerides less than 150

transferrin

Transports iron to other body sites

What is the primary role of intrinsic factor? Stimulation of the production of erythrocytes Vitamin B12 metabolism Vitamin B6 rejuvenation Enhance carbon dioxide capacity

Vitamin B12 metabolism

Which of the following are common signs of Tuberculosis? Select all that apply. Weight loss, anorexia Productive cough that becomes more frequent Hypertension Fatigue, lethargy Night Sweats

Weight loss, anorexia Productive cough that becomes more frequent Fatigue, lethargy Night Sweats

Chlorothiazide

When taking this drug, report muscle cramping or weakness to the healthcare provider

For patients who have risk factors associated with development of Clostridium Difficile (C. Diff), the nurse should observe for which of the following findings? Select all that apply. Abdominal discomfort Fever Worsening of constipation Worsening of diarrhea Hyperglycemia

abdominal discomfort, fever, worsening of diarrhea

Renin angiotensin system

activated by decreased blood pressure in the afferent arterioles

Which of the following is a nonmodifiable risk factor related to atherosclerosis? Age Dietary preferences Exercise level Type 2 Diabetes

age

The client presents to the ER with wheezing, coughing, and decreased breath sounds throughout the pulmonary structures. Which drug should the nurse anticipate administering? montelukast (Singulair) tablet beclomethasone (Qvar) nebulizer albuterol (Ventolin) nebulizer fluticasone (Flonase) inhaler

albuterol (Ventolin) nebulizer

sumatriptan may produce:

cardiac ischemia

Bile acid sequestrant Antihyperlipidemic

cholestyramine (Questran)

Which pathway of nerves stimulate muscarinic receptors? Sympathetic Adrenergic Sympathomimetic Cholinergic

cholinergic

Colloid Plasma volume expander Raises osmotic pressure of the blood

dextran 40 (Gentran 40)

Acute cystitis

diagnosis presenting with cloudy urine, flank pain, and hematuria

Acute glomerulonephritis

diagnosis presenting with hematuria with RBC casts and proteinuria >3-5 g/day, with albumin as the major protein.

bethanechol effects most noted in the:

digestive and urinary tracts

Asthma and COPD- combo of:

emphysema and bronchitis Wheezing and coughing No alteration in production of sputum Lower airway swelling

Which is the most abundant cell in the body? Agranulocytes Granulocytes Platelets Erythrocytes

erythrocytes

Loop Diuretic Removes large amounts of excess fluid in a short time Begins working within 5 mins

furosemide (Lasix)

Fibric acid drug Antihyperlipidemic

gemfibrozil (Lopid)

Place the anatomical regions of the genitourinary system in order from the kidney to the ureter.

glomerulus, PCT, descending LOH, ascending LOH, DCT, collecting duct

Which of the following is a key chemical mediator in allergic reactions? Histamine Prostaglandins Bradykinin Leukotrines

histamine

ADH

hormone required for reabsorption of water in the collecting ducts

Thiazide diuretic Most widely prescribed for HTN Most common med found in fixed dose combinations Acts on the kidney tubule

hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide)

Which of the following is the prototype drug for disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMRDs)? cyclosporine (Neoral) Interferon alfa-2b (Intron-A) hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil) allopurinol (Zyloprim)

hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil)

Which of the following explains the influence of aging on the development of peripheral vascular disease? Decreased resistance Increased viscosity Decreased viscosity Increased resistance

increased resistance

0.9% Sodium Chloride 3% Sodium Chloride 0.45% Sodium Chloride which is iso/hypo/hypertonic?

iso, hyper, hypo

GFR

lab test to best estimate renal function

Furosemide-

loop diuretic

Which of the following lab values is the most alarming? pCO2 45 pH 7.28 Sodium 140 mEq/L Potassium 4.2 mEq/L

pH 7.28

Antidote of atropine

physostigmine

you should never use this drug continuous IV

physostigmine

Steps of hemostasis

vessel injury, vessel spasm, platelets adhere to injury site and aggregate to form plug, insoluble fibrin strands form and coagulate