Module 1

What are nursing practice acts? Don't let someone out into public with an AXE

-laws est. by each state -enforced by the state board of nursing. -PROTECTS THE PUBLIC. - Defines our scope of practice and requirements for education and licensure. -DOPL

All nursing programs in Utah are required by the Utah State Board of Nursing to be Accredited. T or F?

TRUE

Critical thinking Affective & Cognitive

*HIGHER PURPOSEFUL THINKING -Affective thinking (HOW INSTANCES AFFECT OTHERS): creativity, caring attitude, sensitivity to diversity, reflection, honesty, intuition, perseverance, and fairness. EX: gut feeling, journaling to reflex. -Cognitive thinking(CONCERENED ABOUT THE FACTS): Theoretical knowledge, ability to identify missing info; distinguish relevant data from irrelevant; apply standards of care and predict potential patient outcomes. EX: assessments, history taking, PRIORITIZING CARE.

Compare and contrast different definitions of nursing?

-ANA definition: Protection, promotion and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness/injury, facilitate healing, alleviation of suffering through dx and tx of human response, and advocacy (PATIENT FOCUSED) in care of ind. families, groups, communities, and populations. -Nursing is DIFFERENT than medicine -holisitic involving all 6 dimensions of care. -Collaborative with other disciplines. Science and art: knowledge based and the skilled application of knowledge.

Compare and contrast acute illness and chronic illness. Give an example.

-Acute illness: rapid onset, immediate or specific tx, usually short term, return to "normal" function following tx EX: Strep, cold, appendicitis. -Chronic illness: slow onset, requires long term mgmt., permanent change, may have remission/exacerbations EX: COPD, HF, autoimmune disease, stroke, cancers

Explain risk factors:

-Age: -Genetic factors: Fam hx -physiologic factors: obesity, pregnancy -health habits: smoking, poor nutrition -lifestyle: unsafe sex -Environment: working and living environments- hazardous materials/poor sanitation.

Discuss the role of the LPN in the research process.

-Be aware of EBP by identifying problems in nursing. -Assist to collect data.

What is the Health-Illness Continuum?

-conceptualizes a persons level of health -views health as a constantly changing state with high level wellness and death on opposite sides of a level continuum -illustrates the dynamic state of health EX: Cancer patient between chemo cycles.

Define Disease:

pathologic change in a structure or functioning of body or mind.

Purpose of nursing code of ethics according to ANA

-Statement of ethical obligations and duties of every nurse -NON NEGOTIABLE ethical standard. -expression of nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society.

Define ethnicity

sense of identification with a collective group. Based upon groups common heritage. -shared unique cultural and social believes and behavioral pattersn. EX: asian, pacific islanders, African American, Latino, Europeans.

Describe the four sources of law: CSAC

-Constitutions: federal and state- define how governments are to be org, and the power and responsibilities of those governments; serve as guides to legislative bodies ( WHO CAN DO WHAT). -Statutory law (statutes): they cannot conflict with federal or state constitutions. Enacted by legislative body; regulate individual or private action; allected by legislative bodies EX: nurse practice acts -administrative law: regulations made by administrative agencies Ex: state board of nursing -Common law: derived from custom and judicial precedent. Laws established by court decisions. Ex: laws involving malpractice

What is the state board of nursing? *BOARD APPROVES

-DO NOT ACCREDIT -APPROVE nursing programs -est. criteria for licensure as LPN, RN, or APRN -legal authority to allow grads of nursing programs to take boards. -regulate renewal of licensure. - need licensure to practice in each ind. state. -Defines scope of practice.

Define evidence based practices in nursing and how it is applied in clinical practice.

-EBP is problem solving approach to making clinical decision using the BEST EVIDENCE AVAILABLE. -Blends both science and art of nursing so that the best patient outcomes are achieved. - The use of EBP mandates the analysis and systematic review of research findings. * USE BEST PRACTICE *

Describe Primary Health Promotion & Illness Prevention and give 3 examples:

-EDUCATE about prevention. -change behaviors -Perform health risk assessment. EX: Weight loss, diet, exercise

How has the OWTC PNP incorporated the NAPNES standards into their philosophy and curriculum?? NAPNES--> EPSLOS

-EPSLOs or end of program student learning outcomes are based upon NAPNES standards which guides the curriculum. Measured by: exams, assignments, & ATI which is a PN predictor. -EPSLOs represent point of transition from student to LPN. -Student evaluation form: tool assesses attainment of end of EPSLOs -Based upon NAPNES standards. -Measured by: Exams, quizzes, and assignments. MUST BE ABLE TO PASS WITH COMPETENCY.

What is the Agent-Host-Environment Model?

-Exams the cause of disease. -AGENT: environmental factor or stressor that must be present or absent for an illness to occur. EX: microorganism -HOST: living organism capable of being infected or affected by an agent: EX: agent infects host; we get sick by micro organisms. -ENVIRONMENT: includes all factors EXTERNAL to the host that make illness more or less likely. Outside factors that impact the SPREAD of disease. EX: temp, drinking water quality.

List three disciplines that were the basis or influenced in nursing theory & describe each.

-General systems theory: Used in wide range of disciplines. Theory of UNIVERSAL APPLICATION; break whole thing into parts and see how they work together in systems. -Adaptation theory: adjustments of living matter to the other living things and environment. -Development Theory: orderly and predictable growth and development from conception to death. Interaction and response.

Briefly discuss the historic background of nursing and how its evolved into a profession and discipline?

-Initially as nurse was the mom or women of the family or religious members -Used herbal remedies or thought sin or bad sipirits caused illness. - later progressed into less religious- monasteries closed- "nurses" where criminals or fellow patients. -Florence Nightingale then changed everything. -As time progressed the role of a nurse became much more defined.

Compare and contrast the role of the RN vs LPN

-LPN: LIMITED RESPONSIBILITY; wound care, foley and IV with special certification, tracheostomy care, assessments NOT d/c or admit, administer low risk oral meds, VS, any CNA duties, collect samples, assist with teaching plans, assess peripheral lines. -RN: anything LPN/CNA can do, IV admin meds, high risk IV and oral meds, blood transfusions, admit/d/c assessments, direct patient care, ability to specialize, central lines

Define Concept (4)

-Like ideas, abstract impression organized into symbols of reality. -Describe objects, properties, and evens among them. -Ex: concepts individual bricks to build a house

Define health as per OWTC PNP Philosophy

-Nursing care is HOLISTIC. 6 dimensions of health -GOAL is to restore health and promote wellness.

Cultural influences on healthcare

-Physiologic variations: certain racial ethnic groups more prone to certain diseases -Reactions to pain-WHAT IS A TOLERABLE LEVEL OF PAIN TO BE @ -Mental health -Gender roles -Language and communication: eye contact, needing an interpreter -Orientation to space and time: personal space, not interrupting prayer time -Food and nutrition: kosher meals, vegan, vegetarian -Family support -Socioeconomic factors: high risk poverty levels( elderly, children, disabled)

Define and describe the components of the OWTC PNP Conceptual framework and delivery:

-Promote holistic patient care and 6 human dimensions -health is a dynamic state and DEFINED BY THE PATIENT -use Critical thinking (affective & cognitive thinking) - more hands on learning vs reading or learning. -faculty and students share responsibility to create a SAFE learning environment.

Compare and contrast quantitative research (2) and qualitative research methods.

-QUANTITATIVE: reported as #'s. EX: # of oranges 1. basic research: used to generate and refine theories; findings not directly useful in practice often. 2. Applied research: Designed to directly influence or improve clinical nursing practice. -QUALITATIVE: "quality" based on perception that differ for each person and change over time. EX: oranges are bruised, small, big, ripe

Describe Tertiary Health Promotion & Illness Prevention and give 3 examples:

-REDUCE DISABILITY to help rehab to max level of functioning EX: Medication, Medical therapy, surgical treatment, rehab

Describe Secondary Health Promotion & Illness Prevention and give 3 examples:

-Screenings for early detection of disease and if diagnosed early treatment. -GOAL: reduce or reverse severity and to ENCOURAGE F/U . Ex: Pap smears, Mammograms, testicular exams. Safe sex practices

List and describe risk factors that make a community vulnerable

-Social support systems: friends/family/neighbors. -Community health structure: dependent on size and location of community to the services available. EX: No large hospitals or clinics in downtown Ogden. -Economic resources: ins coverage. -Environmental factors: Air quality, living on a fault line, tornado alley

Developing moral resience

-cultivate good relationship: build trust with patient. -accept that change is a part of living: adjust to online learning vs in person -refusing to view crises as insurmountable= got over idea of online nursing school -nurtured positive view of self and taking care of self= naps, self care practices -Keeping things in perspective: what truly matters right now!

What is transcultural assessment and how is it used to ensure cultural competence in healthcare?

-establish rapport -convey empathy -show respect -establish trust -actively listen- repeat back -provide approp. feedback -open ended qs * DO NOT ASSUME *GATHER BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE OF CULTURE PRIOR TO CARING

List at least three benefits of belonging to a nursing professional org?

-involve in legislation changes -networking -CE and research -Leadership opportunities -scholarships

List and describe risk factors that affect a family's health. LPEDB

-lifestyle: smoking, drinking, compliance, diet -psychological: conflicts w/i family, income, inadequate childcare. -environmental: unsafe neighborhood, air quality, water, food. -Developmental: new babies, older adults on fixed income, single parent homes. -Biologic: birth defects, intellectual disability, genetics

Nursing Process

-one of the major guidelines for nursing practice. -helps nurses implement their roles -allow nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning -defines areas of care that are w/i domain of nursing Assessment Diagnosis Plan Intervention/Implementation Evaluation

6 Human Dimensions/ Holistic Care & describe each dimension PLEASE EAT IN SMALL SPACES EVERYDAY

-physical: genetics, age, race, gender -emotional: feelings -intellectual: education/past experiences, health literacy -environmental: food, water, air quality -sociocultural: economic level, culture, family values -spiritual: religion, relationship with higher being, may or may not belong to a religious party

What is the Transtheoretical model of change?

-precontemplation: starting point, no intention of changing behavior, may be unaware that a problem exists. -Contemplation: aware that there is a problem, no commitment to change. -Preparation: Intent on taking action to correct the problem, person is convinced that change is good, increased self-efficacy. -Action: active modification of behavior. - Maintenance: Sustained change, new behaviors replace old. -Relapse: falls back into old patterns of behavior. -Upward spiral: learns from each relapse, hopefully grows stronger so that relapse is shorter or less devastating.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

-provides framework to prioritize basic human needs and inc into plan. (bottom to top) physiological: oxygen, food, water, PA, ABC's, elimination. safety: Shelter, mental state, support systemlove/belonging, esteem, self-actualization

Describe the characteristics of culture

-shapes what is acceptable behavior for people in a specific group -learned by each new generation

What are the standards of nursing practice? AS A WHOLE

-used by ind. nurses, employers, professional org -describes responsibilities for RN/PN to be accountable to. -based upon research and science-peer reviewed and verifiable. PROTECTS NURSE, EMPLOYERS, PROFESSIONALS AS A WHOLE

Define the four broad goals of Healthy People 2020 as per the US Department of Health and Human Services.

1-attain high quality, longer lives free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death 2-achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve health of ALL groups 3-create social and physical environments that promote good health for all. 4-promote QOL, healthy development, and healthy behaviors across all lifes stages.

linguistic competence

the ability of caregivers and organizations to understand and effectively respond to the linguistic needs of patients and their families in a health care encounter

DESCRIBE how the nursing practice is regulated? 3

1. Nurse practice acts. 2. State board of nursing 3. standards of the nursing practice.

Types of educational programs for nursing practice

1. Practical/Vocational nursing: 1 yr in length to complete, can be taught @ TC or HS, program end sit for licensure, still under guidance of provider or RN. 2: Diploma nursing: 3 year education, SOUND foundation in biologic and social science- strong clinical experience in direct pt care. Types of Diploma nursing -Associate degree nursing program (ADN): 2 year, give care in hospitals, LTC, HH. -Bacclaureate Nursing Program: BSN- 4 year degree, required for admin positions 5. Graduate education in nursing: Masters (APRN, NP, Nurse midwives, CNL)- many specialize; Doctorates (DNP-more clinical or PHD-research based)

Define and given examples of culturally competent nursing care.

1. develop cultural self awareness 2. develop cultural knowledge 3. accommodate cultural practices in HC. 4. Respect culturally based family roles. 5. avoid mandating change. 6. seek cultural assistance.

what is the nurses best legal safeguard?

Competent practice

Define and give examples of complementary and alternative medicine.

Complimentary: 2 therapies or more complimenting another. Effective treatments outside of main stream medicine. Alternative: one therapy INSTEAD of another. EX: aromatherapy, eye reading

what is altruism? "tru to care"

Concern for welfare and wellbeing of others. EX: RN concern for welfare of pt and others.

What is COE? C O (O TECH AS A WHOLE) e

Council of Occupational Education. Provides ACCREDITATION for the OWTC COLLEGE

What is the ICN?

International Council of Nurses -first international org of professional women. -Shares commitment of maintaining high standards and promoting ethics. -provides a way for nation nursing org to work together.

According to Erickson, what is the stage of psychosocial development for a person in middle adulthood?

Intimacy vs isolation

What is NAPNES? NA(PN)ES

NATIONAL ASSOC. PRACTICAL NURSE EDUCATION AND SERVICES. -advocates for the LPN

Define race

NOT THE SAME AS ETHNICITY. - Based upon specific physical characteristics. (skin pigment, body stature, facial features, hair texture) - federal standards for race classification: asian, american indian, alaska native, black, native hawaiian, white

Which document describes the nurse's legal scope of practice?

NURSE PRACTICE ACTS

Which of the following represents the basic framework of the research process?

ADPIE bedside nursing routinely do research through ADPIE

What is the ANA/UNA? Not ANA one can do that!

AMERICAN NURSING ASSOC. -OLDEST assoc. -Comprised of State nurses assoc. UNA. -MISSION: advance profession of nursing to improve health for all. -Sets standards specific to the RN -Advocates for nursing care and our public -sends out newsletter

What is NLN? ONE FOR ALL & LETS ENTER

National League of Nursing -open to all people interested in nursing, nurses and non nurses. -obj. foster development and education -conducts largest pre-entrance exams before admission to school. -Offers CE credits or research -conducts national surveys of schools and RNs. -SERVES ALL LEVELS OF NURSING.

Steps to rise above moral distress (4 As)

ASK AFFIRM ASSESS ACT

What is Nonmaleficence?

AVOID CAUSING HARM

What is ACEN? * we are going to ACE exams!

Accreditation Commission for Education in Nursing. ACEN accredits OWTC nursing PROGRAM

Define Law:

Standard or rule of conduct established and enforced by government Designed to protect the rights of the public

What is cultural stereotyping?

Stereotyping an individual based upon their beliefs, ideas, or behaviors.

What is ethnocentrism?

the belief that the ideas, beliefs, and practices of ones own culture are SUPERIOR to those of anothers culture.

What is beneficence?

Benefit the patient. Balancing benefits against risk and harm.

What is Bias?

Bias is a natural inclination for or against an idea, object, group, or individual. It is often learned and is highly dependent on variables like a person's socioeconomic status, race, ethnicity, educational background, etc.

Which of the following has established standards that help nurses determine which clinical action fall under the scope of nursing practice? a. ICN b. State board of nursing C. ANA D NLN

C. ANA establishes Standards of clinical nursing practice that defines the specific and unique activities of nurses. Standards serve as protection for the nurse, client, and the inst. where care is given "NOT JUST ANA STANDARDS"

Who is Virginia Henderson? *A- for Aide HELP

CENTRAL THEME: Patient is a person who requires help to reach INDEPENDENCE. APPLICATION: nursing is independent; autonomous nursing functions are identified and self help concepts are described EX: I think you to proceed with this plan of care & heres what we need to do to help you.

Who is Madeline Leininger? *MADDIE CARES

CENTRAL THEME: caring is the central theme of nursing care, knowledge and practice. APPLICATION: Foundation of transcultural nursing care. Caring improves human conditions and life processes -Trustworthy and empathetic towards populations

Who is Nola Pender's and what was her central theme?

CENTRAL THEME: goal of nursing is optimal health with focus on how people can make health care decisions. APPLICATION: HEALTH PROMOTING BEHAVIORS, persons belief of perceived benefits and barriers to. Promoting behaviors modified by ones demographic and biologic characteristics, interpersonal influences, and situational behavioral factors.

Who is Florence Nightingale? "QUEEN OF NURSING"

CENTRAL THEME: meeting the personal needs of the patient w/i the environment. APPLICATION: concern for environment including- cleanliness, ventilation, temp, light, diet, and noise.

Who is Jean Watson? *WHEN YOU WEAR JEANS YOU FEEL GOOD*

CENTRAL THEME: nursing is promoting and restoring health, preventing illness, and caring for the sick. APPLICATION: holistic care. (6 dimensions of health) Caring is universal and practice through interpersonal relationships. * TREAT PERSON AS A WHOLE

Who is Dorthea Orem? *PPL IN OREM TAKE CARE

CENTRAL THEME: self care is a human need- deficits in self care require nursing action. APPLICATION: nursing is a human service and nurses design interventions ot prove or manage self care actions for sustaining heath or recover from illness or injury.

National Student Nurses Association (NSNA) 4 US & PT

Can belong to this as a student. Advocate for student/patient rights

Secondary level of care

Cardiologist, Endocrinologist,

Why are standards of nursing practice important? a. Health professions use nursing standards to est. boundaries between each health profession. b. define competent practice for nurses. c. professional nursing org use nursing standards to develop continuing nursing education. d. All of the above

D

Hispanics are more prone to what diseases?

DM

DEFINE HEALTH

DYNAMIC state between WELLness and ILLness. Subjective (patient defined). Incorporates 6 human dimensions & wellness contiuum. -NOT just the absence of illness.

Distinguish between INDUCTIVE and DEDUCTIVE reasoning.

Deductive reasoning: examines GENERAL ideas and considers specific actions or ideas BIG PICTURE. EX: pt DM w/ unstable BS. Plan to take BS and go from there . Inductive reasoning : Builds from specific ideas or actions to conclusions about general ideas. SMALL PICTURE. EX: find high BS and treat with insulin.

What is bioethics?

the ethics of medical and biological research

A head nurse reviews all current research-based literature on methods of insertion of a nasogastric tube to develop a procedure for the medical unit. What type of practice is this nurse implementing to determine the best method?

EBP

Tertiary level of care

Electrophysiologist, Burn specialists,

Define family and how family provides support to an individual.

Family is any group of people who live together and depend on one another for physical, emotional, and financial support. -does not need to be related.

Mary Mahoney

First professionally trained African American nurse, model for the black community and allowed more black nurses.

List four concepts common in all nursing theories. (PEHN)

Four concepts common to ALL nursing theories: 1. person 2. environment. 3. Health 4. Nursing ** PERSON MOST IMPORTANT CONCENT AND FOCUS OF NURSING.

Define conceptual framework or model

Group of concepts that follow an understandable pattern -Ex: Conceptual framework is the blueprint to build a house.

African Americans are more prone to what diseases?

HTN, CVA, sickle cell anemia.

Asians are more prone to what diseases?

HTN, liver cancer

Compare and contrast health promotion and health protection.

Health promotion: behavior of a person who is motivated by a personal desire to increase well being and health potential. EX: exercise, wellness checks, taking vitamins, diet, sleep Health protection: AKA disease prevention, behavior motivated by a desire to avoid or detect disease or to maintain functioning within constraints of illness or disability. EX: taking meds

What phrase best describes health?

Individually defined by each person

what is fidelity? opposite of cheating!

KEEP PROMISES

Describe and discuss the OWTC PNP Philosophy statements for educational process and Instructional Delivery.

More hands on learning versus reading or hearing. ??????????????

Compare and Contrast OWTC mission statement vs the PNP Mission statement

OWTC MISSION STATEMENT: Be college of choice build community by providing technical killed workforce one student @ a time PNP MISSION STATMENT: in partnership with local healthcare employers, prepare and develop professional nurses who will function as LPNs in a variety of healthcare settings in the community. Grads have option to continue education.

Define theory

Organized group of concepts (related ideas) that describe a patter of reality. -can be test, changed, or used to guide research. -find meanings in experiences. - NOT A FACT but way to view a phenomenon and how it relates.

Primary level of care

PCP, SW,

Which of the following definitions describes the ethical principle of "autonomy?"

Respect the rights and healthcare decisions of patients

What is STTI?

STIGMA THETA TAU INTERNATIONAL -Need a BSN and based upon your performance in program can be INVITED. Develops leaders in HC. -provides job board and resume development. -NON PROFIT

Define Culture

Shared system of beliefs, values, and behavioral expectations provide social structure for daily living.

Define Community

Specific population or group living in same geographical area, may share common values. a) rural b) city c) urban

DEFINE PATIENT

Unique individual with diverse perceptions, values and goals, person(s) receiving care ( individual, family, group, community, or society)

ways to avoid legal conflicts

a)build trusting nurse-pt relationships b) practice w/i scope c) identify potential liabilities and ways to prevent them

What is discrimination?

the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.

An RN plans to return to the nursing profession after some time. Which statement about the trend in HC services would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind? a. clients enter the HC system acute ill. b. Hospitals stays are much longer c. HC delivery systems are less controversial. d. nurses rely on intuition to make decisions today.

a. these days clients enter hospitals and their hospital stays are much shorter. USING EBP the health care system has more specific knowledge regarding decisions. HEalth care system is MORE controversial now than it has been.

What is veracity?

accountability, privacy, confidentiality. EX: HIPPA

What is integrity?

acting according to code of ethics and standards of practice.

anyone over the age of 65 is old- example of waht?

ageism

Ethical dilemma

two OR MORE clear moral principles apply but support mutually inconsistent course of action. -conflict in decision making process. -difficult to distinguish which principle is more important.

What is social justice?

upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights.

Caucasians are more prone to what diseases?

breast CA, heart disease, HTN, DM, obesity.

Which method should the nurse use to avoid misinterpretation of questions and answers of patients who do not speak English?

use a certified interpreter

Dorthea Dix *PPL ARE DICKS TO MENTALLY ILL

woman who pushed for changes in the treatment of the mentally ill and founded 32 mental hospitals

Common modes of value transmission: Rewarding and punishing

children are rewarded by demonstrating values positively held by parents vs punished for unacceptable values.

Common mode of value transmission: Modeling (I OBSERVE HOW TO MODEL)

children learn high/low values by observing parents/peers of what is/isn't socially acceptable.

A camp nurse is teaching a group of adolescent girls about the importance of including fresh fruits and vegetables in their daily diet. What level of preventive care does this activity represent?

primary promotion and preventative care

Define advocacy in nursing

protection and support of another's rights. -primary commitment is to the patient! -priority to the good of the individual patient rather than to society in general - evaluate competing claims of patients autonomy and patient well being

2 types of nursing reasearch

qualitative and quantitative.

What is human dignity?

respect for the inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations Ex: respect for holy garments.

Define illness:

response of the person to a disease- where level of functioning is changed compared to previous level.

A nurse wishes to advance his or her career and work as a clinical nurse specialist. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind? a. nurse practices only with a private practitioner. b. nurse oversees the care coordination of a group of clients. c. this requires a doctoral degree ed. d. the nurse may teach advance ed for nurses.

d. clinical nurse specialist may offer advanced ed for nurses. clinical nurse LEADER oversees care coordination of specific group of clinets. clincial nurse specialists have a masters degree not a doctorate.

Common modes of value transmission: Responsible choice:

explore values to weigh out consequences- allow children to develop on their own. Support and guidance are offered as children develop a personal value system.

What is justice?

give each his or her due and act fairly. Ex: recognizing discrimination/sexism

The standards of practice provide nurses with: a. guide lines for providing care. b. measurement criteria for payment. c. eval of car provided by nursing d. legislation for health care reform

guidelines for providing care standards of practice are essential b/c serve as GUIDELINES for providing and evaluating nursing care.

Native American's are more prone to what diseases?

heart disease, cirrhosis of liver, DM

List one of the vulnerable populations who are more likely to develop health problems.

homeless -mentally ill -disabled -children -older adults

Describe self-concept

incorporates both how they feel about them selves (self esteem) and they way their perceive their physical self ( body image).

Describe the term subculture and give examples of subculture.

large group of people who are members of a larger cultural group. -Have certain ethnic, occupation or physical characteristic's different from larger culture. EX: Nurses!, older adults, southerners, motorcycle clubs, Hippies.

Common modes of value transmission: Laissez-faire ( lazy)

leaves children to develop values on their OWN. No guidance can lead to confusion/conflict

Common mode of value transmission: Moralizing (Church or school)

models of value transmission by parents or an institution.

A nurse does not assist with ambulation for a postoperative patient on the first day after surgery. The patient falls and fractures a hip. What charge might be brought against the nurse?

negligence

Moral/ethical dilemma

occurs when you KNOW the right thing to do but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct cours of action. EX: late to exam b/c flat tire. Stranded but NOT deemed as an "institutional emergency".

Define religion

ordered system of beliefs regarding the cause, nature, and purpose of the universe especially beliefs related to worship of god or gods. -may be confused with ethnicity ( Jewish culture overlaps with Jewish faith community)

According to Maslow's hierarchy, which needs are the most basic?

physiologic

What is prejudices?

preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience.

what is autonomy?

right to self-determination INDEPENDENCE