Module 10 quiz questions
Question 25 10 / 10 pts A patient has a bilateral presentation of pain in the PIP joints of the hands. You believe this pain is due to arthritis but are unsure whether it is a result of RA or OA. What are 3 questions you could ask this patient to help you differentiate between RA and OA?
1. Do you experience stiffness in the morning? 2. If so, does it last less than or longer than 30 minutes? 3. Does prolonged movement aggravate or alleviate your symptoms? 4. Do you ever have periods of relief, or do you experience pain daily? 5. Did your pain start in both hands or did it start with one hand and develop in the other over time? 6. What is your profession? (occupations requiring repetitive movements often lead to OA) *Note - student only has to provide 3 questions.
Question 25 10 / 10 pts A patient has a bilateral presentation of pain in the PIP joints of the hands. You believe this pain is due to arthritis but are unsure whether it is a result of RA or OA. What are 3 questions you could ask this patient to help you differentiate between RA and OA?
1. Do you experience stiffness in the morning? 2. If so, does it last less than or longer than 30 minutes? 3. Does prolonged movement aggravate or alleviate your symptoms? 4. Do you ever have periods of relief, or do you experience pain daily? 5. Did your pain start in both hands or did it start with one hand and develop in the other over time? 6. What is vour profession? (occupations requiring renetitive movements often lead to OA) *Note- only has to provide 3 questions.
Question 25 Not yet graded /10 pts A patient has a bilateral presentation of pain in the PIP joints of the hands. You believe this pain is due to arthritis but are unsure whether it is a result of RA or OA. What are 3 questions you could ask this patient to help you differentiate between RA and OA?
1. Do you experience stiffness in the morning? 2. If so, does it last less than or longer than 30 minutes? 3. Does prolonged movement aggravate or alleviate your symptoms? 4. Do you ever have periods of relief, or do you experience pain daily? 5. Did your pain start in both hands or did it start with one hand and develop in the other over time? 6. What is your profession? (occupations requiring repetitive movements often lead to OA) *Note - student only has to provide 3 questions.
Question 5 2.5/ 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: What is the recommended calcium intake for postmenopausal women? 2000 mg. daily 1500 mg. daily 1000 mg. daily
1500 mg. daily
Question 2 2.5/ 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following would a patient likely report if you suspect they have OA? Stiffness in the morning that lasts longer than 30 minutes Pain that is alleviated with activity A "grinding feel" with movement Pain in their MCP joint
A "grinding feel" with movement
Question 2 2.5/ 2.5 pts Which of the following would a patient likely exhibit on an initial physical exam if you suspect they have OA? (mark all that apply) A typical gait pattern A capsular pattern Crepitus with movement Bilateral involvement
A capsular pattern Crepitus with movement
Question 5 0/ 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following drugs is most commonly prescribed to treat osteoporosis? Raloxifene Alendronate Calcitonin
Alendronate
Question 5 0/2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following drugs is most commonly prescribed to treat osteoporosis? Raloxifene Alendronate Calcitonin
Alendronate
Question 9 2.5/ 2.5 pts Which of the following medications is used to maintain normal levels of uric acid? (mark all that apply) Colchicine NSAIDS Allopurinol
Allopurinol
Question 9 1.67 / 2.5 pts A diagnosis of gout is made through which of the following tests? (mark all that apply) Blood work to determine uric acid levels Analysis of synovial fluid 24-hour urine specimen MRI of affected joint
Blood work to determine uric acid levels Analysis of synovial fluid 24-hour urine specimen
Question 9 2.5/ 2.5 pts Which of following medication used to treat an acute gout attack? (mark all that apply). Colchicine NSAIDS Allopurinol
Colchicine NSAIDS
Question 3 2.5/2.5 pts Which of the following are true regarding synovial joints? (mark all that apply) Ball and socket joints are characterized by limited range of motion Condyloid joints allow gliding of irregular joint surfaces They are freely moving The synovium lines articulating surfaces of the joint
Condyloid joints allow gliding of irregular joint surfaces They are freely moving The synovium surrounds the joint margins
Question 21 5/5 pts Compare and contrast the blood supply of cortical bone and cancellous bone.
Cortical bone has a direct blood supply. Nutrient and Perforating arteries form an anastomosis (collateral circulation) that circulates through the bone through the Haversian and Volkmann canals. Cancellous bone does not have a direct blood supply. It receives its blood supply through diffusion from the endosteal bone surface extending outward through the canaliculi.
Question 21 Not yet graded /5 pts Compare and contrast the blood supply of cortical bone and cancellous bone. Answer:
Cortical bone has a direct blood supply. Nutrient and Perforating arteries form an anastomosis (collateral circulation) that circulates through the bone through the Haversian and Volkmann canals. Cancellous bone does not have a direct blood supply. It receives its blood supply through diffusion from the endosteal bone surface extending outward through the canaliculi.
Question 1 0/2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Each of the following are true of gout except: An acute attack is initiated by an inflammatory response Crystals are more likely to accumulate proximal to the trunk of the body Purine synthesis occurs in 1 of 2 pathways Approximately 90% of patients diagnosed with gout are found to have underexcretion of urate.
Crystals are more likely to accumulate proximal to the trunk of the body
Question 4 2.5/ 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Cancellous bone receives its blood supply by what means? Arteries branching from the medullary cavity Arteries branching inward from the periosteal arteries Diffusion through the endosteal surface of the bone and the canaliculi
Diffusion through the endosteal surface of the bone and the canaliculi
Question 4 2.5/2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Cancellous bone receives its blood supply by what means? Arteries branching from the medullary cavity Arteries branching inward from the periosteal arteries Diffusion through the endosteal surface of the bone and the canaliculi
Diffusion through the endosteal surface of the bone and the canaliculi
Question 13 2.5 / 2.5 pts TIF - If False, change the statement to make it True A T-score compares the bone of the patient to that of a healthy 20-year-old adult. Your Answer:
False, A T-score compares the bone of the patient to that of a healthy 30-year-old adult.
Question 15 2.5/ 2.5 pts T/F - if False, change the statement to make it True Hyperuricemia may be a result of an underproduction of purines.
False, Hyperuricemia may be a result of overproduction of purines.
Question 14 2.5/ 2.5 pts T/F - if False, change the statement to make it True Lamellae house osteocytes.
False, Lacunae house osteocytes.
Question 13 2/ 2.5 pts T/F - If False, change the statement to make it True Osteoblast replication and activity are increased with age.
False, Osteoblast replication and activity are decreased with age.
Question 13 Not yet graded / 2.5 pts T/F - If False, change the statement to make True Osteoblast replication and activity are increased with age.
False, Osteoblast replication and activity are decreased with age.
Question 15 2.5/ 2.5 pts TIF - if False, change the statement to make it True Secondary gout is characterized by the overproduction or the underexcretion of uric acid,
False, Primary gout is characterized by the overproduction or the underexcretion of uric acid.
Question 15 Not yet graded /2.5 pts T/F - if False, change the statement to make it True Secondary gout is characterized by the overproduction or the underexcretion of uric acid.
False, Primary gout is characterized by the overproduction or the underexcretion of uric acid.
Question 16 0/ 2.5 pts TIF - if False, change the statement to make it True Corticosteroids can be used as needed for the management of pain associated with OA.
False, corticosteroids are to be used sparingly in the management of pain associated with OA as they contribute to the destruction of the joint.
Question 12 2.5 / 2.5 pts Senile Osteoporosis is characterized by which of the following? (mark all that apply) Fractures of the hip joint Fractures of the distal radius A direct relationship between aging and rate of bone loss
Fractures of the hip joint A direct relationship between aging and rate of bone loss
Question 12 2.5/2.5 pts Senile Osteoporosis is characterized by which of the following? (mark all that apply) Fractures of the hip joint Fractures of the distal radius A direct relationship between aging and rate of bone loss
Fractures of the hip joint A direct relationship between aging and rate of bone loss
Question 22 5/5 pts A 22-year-old competitive gymnast has experienced amenorrhea for the past 5 years. Her PCP is suspecting that she may have premature osteoporosis. Would you expect her OPG levels to be high, normal, or low? Explain why her levels would be at this level.
Her OPG levels would be low. Amenorrhea results in lower estrogen levels. Estrogen increases the production of OPG in turn decreasing osteoclast activity. If estrogen levels are low, OPG levels would also be low resulting in increased osteoclast activity.
Question 22 5/5 pts A 22-year-old competitive gymnast has experienced amenorrhea for the past 5 years. Her PCP is suspecting that she may have premature osteoporosis. Would you expect her RANKL levels to be high, normal, or low? Explain why her levels would be at this level.
Her RANKL levels would be higher than normal. Amenorrhea results in lower estrogen levels. Estrogen increases the production of OPG which inhibits RANKL. Lower estrogen levels would lead to lower OPG levels in turn increasing RANKL and osteoclast activity.
Question 22 Not yet graded / 5 pts A 22-year-old competitive gymnast has experienced amenorrhea for the past 5 years. Her PCP is suspecting that she may have premature osteoporosis. Would you expect her RANKL levels to be high, normal, or low? Explain why her levels would be at this level.
Her RANKL levels would be higher than normal. Amenorrhea results in lower estrogen levels. Estrogen increases the production of OPG which inhibits RANKL. Lower estrogen levels would lead to lower OPG levels in turn increasing RANKL and osteoclast activity.
Question 20 5/5 pts A 40-year-old patient sustains an incomplete spinal cord injury affecting their ability to walk. They primarily use a wheel chair to complete daily activities. Explain why this patient is at increased risk for developing OA in their lower extremities.
Immobilization can compromise lubrication of the joint which comes with range of motion and weight bearing. The decreased nourishment of the articular cartilage will eventually lead to the structural joint changes associated with OA.
Question 20 Not yet graded / 5 pts A 40-year-old patient sustains an incomplete spinal cord injury affecting their ability to walk. They primarily use a wheel chair to complete daily activities. Explain why this patient is at increased risk for developing OA in their lower extremities.
Immobilization can compromise lubrication of the joint which comes with range of motion and weight bearing. The decreased nourishment of the articular cartilage will eventually lead to the structural joint changes associated with OA.
Question 10 0/2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Damage to the synovial membrane resulting in non-specific inflammation occurs in which stage of OA? Early stages Mid stages Late stages
Late stages
Question 12 2.5/ 2.5 pts Postmenopausal Osteoporosis is characterized by which of the following? (mark all that apply) A loss of cortical bone Low levels of OPG Fractures are mostly seen in the vertebrae and distal radius
Low levels of OPG Fractures are mostly seen in the vertebrae and distal radius
Question 7 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following is false regarding OA? It is characterized by the gradual deterioration of weight bearing joints Males over the age of 55 have the highest incidence of OA Age, gender, history of trauma, and weight all contribute to the risk of developing OA Males have a higher incidence of developing OA at younger ages
Males over the age of 55 have the highest incidence of OA
Question 7 2.5/ 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following is false regarding OA? It is characterized by the gradual deterioration of weight bearing joints Males over the age of 55 have the highest incidence of OA Age, gender, history of trauma, and weight all contribute to the risk of developing OA Males have a higher incidence of developing OA at younger ages
Males over the age of 55 have the highest incidence of OA
Question 10 2.5/ 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following is false regarding structural changes in OA? Articular cartilage will erode over time leaving the subchondral bone exposed Chondrocytes enlarge and reorganize Microfractures extend through the articular surface but not into the subchondral bone Small fragments of cartilage will break off and become free-floating in the joint cavity
Microfractures extend through the articular surface but not into the subchondral bone
Question 6 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following cells are stimulated by PTH? Osteocytes Osteoclasts Osteoblasts Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoclasts
Question 6 2.5/ 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following cells when stimulated by bone morphogenic proteins (BMPS) differentiate to contribute to normal bone growth? Osteocytes Osteoclasts Osteoblasts Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoprogenitor cells
Question 6 2.5/2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following cells when stimulated by bone morphogenic proteins (BMPS) differentiate to contribute to normal bone growth? Osteocytes Osteoclasts Osteoblasts Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoprogenitor cells
Question 8 2.5/ 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: A patient has low serum calcium levels. Which of the following is true given this scenario? The thyroid gland will secrete PTH to return serum calcium levels to normal The thyroid gland will secrete calcitonin to return serum calcium levels normal PTH will increase renal reabsorption of calcium while simultaneously increasing renal excretion of phosphate PTH will increase blood phosphate levels
PTH will increase renal reabsorption of calcium while simultaneously increasing renal excretion of phosphate
Question 8 2.5/ 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: A patient has low serum calcium levels. Which of the following is true given this scenario? The thyroid gland will secrete PTH to return serum calcium levels to normal The thyroid gland will secrete calcitonin to return serum calcium levels to normal PTH will increase renal reabsorption of calcium while simultaneously increasing renal excretion of phosphate PTH will increase blood phosphate levels
PTH will increase renal reabsorption of calcium while simultaneously increasing renal excretion of phosphate
Question 8 2.5/2.5 pts Multiple Choice: A patient has low serum calcium levels. Which of the following is true given this scenario? The thyroid gland will secrete PTH to return serum calcium levels to normal The thyroid gland will secrete calcitonin to return serum calcium levels to normal PTH will increase renal reabsorption of calcium while simultaneously increasing renal excretion of phosphate PTH will increase blood phosphate levels
PTH will increase renal reabsorption of calcium while simultaneously increasing renal excretion of phosphate
Question 19 Not yet graded / 5 pts Which of the following patients is at greater rísk for developing osteoporosis and sustaining a fracture? Explain how you came to your conclusion. Patient A. is a 75-year-old white Caucasian male who has a history of a distal radius fractures at age 65. Patient B. is a 60- year-old African American female who is ostmenopau She is active and does not have a history of fractures.
Patient A is at higher risk. Even though he is a male, he is advanced in age, white Caucasian, and sustained a fracture after the age of 50. Patient B is a postmenopausal female; however, she is active and of African American decent which is associated with high BMD and low rates of fracture
Question 19 5/5 pts Which of the following patients is at greater risk for developing osteoporosis and sustaining a fracture? Explain how you came to your conclusion. Patient A. is a 75-year-old white Caucasian male who has a history of a distal radius fractures at age 65. Patient B. is a 60- year-old African American female who is postmenopausal. She is active and does not have a history of fractures.
Patient A is at higher risk. Even though he is a male, he is advanced in age, white Caucasian, and sustained a fracture after the age of 50. Patient B is a postmenopausal female; however, she is active and of African American decent which is associated with high BMD and low rates of fracture.
Question 24 10 / 10 pts A 72-year-old male is said to be in phase 3 of gout. He is obese and has a history of alcohol abuse. Develop a treatment plan including specific pharmacologic intervention and a non- pharmacologic recommendation to manage his disease.
Phase 3 of gout is called inter-critical gout. The patient is asymptomatic, and no joint abnormalities are present. The goal of treatment in this phase is to maintain normal uric acid levels and prevent progression of the disease. Allopurinol is a prescription drug that is used to reduce uric acid levels. This patient should be encouraged to lose weight and decrease his alcohol consumption. He should also avoid purine rich foods such as fish, bacon, and liver. (*Note - the student has to provide 1 pharmacologic intervention and 1 non-pharmacologic recommendation.)
Question 24 10 / 10 pts A 72-year-old male is said to be in phase 3 of gout. He is obese and has a history of alcohol abuse. Develop a treatment plan including specific pharmacologic intervention and a non-pharmacologic recommendation to manage his disease.
Phase 3 of gout is called inter-critical gout. The patient is asymptomatic, and no joint abnormalities are present. The goal of treatment in this phase is to maintain normal uric acid levels and prevent progression of the disease. Allopurinol is a prescription drug that is used to reduce uric acid levels. This patient should be encouraged to lose weight and decrease his alcohol consumption. He should also avoid purine rich foods such as fish, bacon, and liver. (*Note the student has to provide 1 pharmacologic intervention and 1 non-pharmacologic recommendation.)
Question 24 Not yet graded / 10 pts A 72-year-old male is said to be in phase 3 of gout. He is obese and has a history of alcohol abuse. Develop a treatment plan including specific pharmacologic intervention and a non-pharmacologic recommendation to manage his disease.
Phase 3 of gout is called inter-critical gout. The patient is asymptomatic, and no joint abnormalities are present. The goal of treatment in this phase is to maintain normal uric acid levels and prevent progression of the disease. Allopurinol is a prescription drug that is used to reduce uric acid levels. This patient should be encouraged to lose weight and decrease his alcohol consumption. He should also avoid purine rich foods such as fish, bacon, and liver. (*Note the student has to provide 1 pharmacologic intervention and 1 non-pharmacologic recommendation.)
Question 10 0/ 2.5 pts In the early stages of OA, structural changes would include which of the following? (mark all that apply) Edema in the cartilaginous matrix Thickening of subchondral bone Presence of osteophytes
Presence of osteophytes Check
Question 20 5/5 pts A 60-year-old, obese female works out of her home and rarely walks due to the sedentary nature of her job. Give 2 reasons why she is at increased risk for developing OA. Your Answer:
She is a female over the age of 55; she is obese, and she is relatively sedentary which contributes to the decreased nourishment of the joint that comes with weight bearing and range of motion. (*Note - student only needs to provide 2 reasons.)
Question 2 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following would a patient likely report if you suspect they have OA? Pain in their MCP joint Stiffness in the morning that resolves less than 30 minutes Pain that would be described as "acute" They feel "looser" after they move around
Stiffness in the morning that resolves less than 30 minutes
Question 11 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following is true regarding the synovium? The outer membrane of the joint capsule is referred to as the synovium The synovium surrounds the margins of articulation and lines the articulating surfaces of the joint The synovium secretes fluid that facilitates movement between articulating surfaces
The synovium secretes fluid that facilitates movement between articulating surfaces
Question 11 2.5 /2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following is false regarding the synovium? The inner membrane of the joint capsule is referred to as the synovium The synovium surrounds the margins of articulation and lines the articulating surfaces of the joint The synovium secretes fluid that facilitates movement between articulating surfaces
The synovium surrounds the margins of articulation and lines the articulating surfaces of the joint
Question 11 2.5/2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following is false regarding the synovium? The inner membrane of the joint capsule is referred to as the synovium The synovium surrounds the margins of articulation and lines the articulating surfaces of the joint The synovium secretes fluid that facilitates movement between articulating surfaces
The synovium surrounds the margins of articulation and lines the articulating surfaces of the joint
Question 17 5/5 pts If someone loses their balance when walking on uneven terrain, explain how tendons and ligaments work to protect the joint and structures within it.
The tendons and ligaments of joints serve in proprioception (the awareness of ones' position in space or movement of the body). When these structures undergo stretch or torsional strain, these proprioceptive nerve fibers will cause a reflexive response to adjust the tension on the muscles (to maintain balance and not fall over) that support the joint protecting the capsule and other joint structures.
Question 17 Not yet graded /5 pts If someone loses their balance when walking on uneven terrain, explain how tendons and ligaments work to protect the joint and structures within it.
The tendons and ligaments of joints serve in proprioception (the awareness of ones' position in space or movement of the body). When these structures undergo stretch or torsional strain, these proprioceptive nerve fibers will cause a reflexive response to adjust the tension on the muscles (to maintain balance and not fall over) that support the joint protecting the capsule and other joint structures.
Question 3 2.5/ 2.5 pts Which of the following are true regarding syndesmoses? (mark all that apply) They allow limited movement between them They allow no movement between them They allow a small degree movement between them They are separated by a fibrous disc They are joined by dense connective tissue
They allow a small degree movement between them They are separated by a fibrous disc
Question 3 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of the following are true regarding synostoses? (mark all that apply) They allow limited movement between them They allow no movement between them They allow a small degree of movement between them They are separated by a fibrous disc
They allow no movement between them
Question 23 10 / 10 pts A 68-year-old, white Caucasian female has a DEXA scan at the recommendation of her PCP, Her scan yielded a T-score of -2.6. Interpret the results of her DEXA scan. Develop a treatment plan giving a pharmacologic recommendation if applicable (be specific with name of supplement and/or class of drug), and a non-pharmacologic recommendation.
This T-score indicates osteoporosis. This patient should take a Calcium and Vitamin D supplement. In addition, she should be prescribed one of the following: Estrogen, SERMS, Bisphosphonates, or Calcitonin. She should also participate in regular weight bearing and resistive exercise being careful to choose activities that would not put her at increased risk for falling.
Question 23 10/ 10 pts A 68-year-old, white Caucasian female has a DEXA scan at the recommendation of her PCP. Her scan yielded a T-score of -2.6. Interpret the results of her DEXA scan. Develop a treatment plan giving a pharmacologic recommendation if applicable (be specific with name of supplement and/or class of drug), and a non-pharmacologic recommendation.
This T-score indicates osteoporosis. This patient should take a Calcium and Vitamin D supplement. In addition, she should be prescribed one of the following: Estrogen, SERMS, Bisphosphonates, or Calcitonin. She should also participate in regular weight bearing and resistive exercise being careful to choose activities that would not put her at increased risk for falling.
Question 18 5/5 pts A patient presents to the ER with severe pain in their right ankle. Blood tests reveal serum uric acid levels of 7.8 mg/dL. They are kept for observation and their 24-hr urine specimen reveals underexcretion of urate. Which phase of gout are they in? What is the goal of your treatment given the phase they are in?
This patient is in phase 2 of gout or acute gout arthritis. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and terminate the acute attack primarily through NSAIDS.
Question 18 Not yet graded / 5 pts A patient presents to the ER with severe pain in their right ankle. Blood tests reveal serum uric acid levels of 7.8 mg/dL. They are kept for observation and their 24-hr urine specimen reveals underexcretion of urate. Which phase of gout are they in? What is the goal of your treatment given the phase they are in?
This patient is in phase 2 of gout or acute gout arthritis. The goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and terminate the acute attack primarily through NSAIDS.
Question 14 2.5/ 2.5 pts TIF - if False, change the statement to make it True Haversian canals contain the nerve and blood supply for the osteon.
True
Question 14 Not yet graded /2.5 pts T/F - if False, change the statement to make it True Haversian canals contain the nerve and blood supply for the osteon.
True
Question 16 2.5/ 2.5 pts T/F - if False, change the statement to make it True Prolonged immobilization can lead to structural joint changes associated with OA.
True
Question 16 2.5/ 2.5 pts T/F - if False, change the statement to make it True Prolonged immobilization can lead to structural joint changes associated with OA. Your Answer:
True
Question 16 Not yet graded / 2.5 pts T/F if False, change the statement to make it True Prolonged immobilization can lead to structural joint changes associated with OA.
True
Question 16 Not yet graded /2.5 pts T/F - if False, change the statement to make it True Prolonged immobilization can lead to structural joint changes associated with OA.
True
Question 1 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Each of the following are true of gout except: Uric acid dissolves readily in synovial fluid Typically occurs at the first metatarsophalangeal joint Anyone can get gout Uric acid is a byproduct of purine metabolism
Uric acid dissolves readily in synovial fluid
Question 1 2.5/2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Each of the following are true of gout except: Uric acid dissolves readily in synovial fluid Typically occurs at the first metatarsophalangeal joint Anyone can get gout Uric acid is a byproduct of purine metabolism
Uric acid dissolves readily in synovial fluid
Question 4 2.5/ 2.5 pts Blood circulates through bone by what means? (mark all that apply) Via the central Haversian and Volkmann canals An anastomosis between perforating and nutrient arteries Diffusion through the endosteal surface of the bone and the canaliculi
Via the central Haversian and Volkmann canals An anastomosis between perforating and nutrient arteries Diffusion through the endosteal surface of the bone and the canaliculi
Question 7 2.5/ 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following are true of articular cartilage? Proteoglycans of the extracellular matrix resist compression forces Polypeptide chains give form and tensile strength Interstitial osmotic pressure and available fluid contribute to joint lubrication a. b. and c. are all true a. b. and c. are all false
a. b. and c. are all true
Question 23 Not yet graded / 10 pts A 68-year-old, white Caucasian female has a DEXA scan at the recommendation of her PCP. Her scan yielded a T-score of -0.9. Interpret the results of her DEXA scan. Develop a treatment plan giving a pharmacologic recommendation if applicable (be specific with name of supplement and/or class of drug), and a non-pharmacologic recommendation.
be consumed as well. Vitamin This T-score indicates normal bone density; however, because of this patient's age, race, and gender, she should take a Calcium supplement as well as a Vitamin D supplement. She should also be participating in regular weight bearing activities such as walking or even resistance exercise.
