Module 13 Objective 20 & 21

c

Tears pass out of the _________ and along the surface of the eye. A. epicanthal fold B. lacrimal canals C. lacrimal ducts D. lacrimal glands E. nasolacrimal duct

c

The junction between iris and cornea is called the __________ by clinicians. There, a structure called the sclera venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) dumps aqueous humor back in the bloodstream. A. Anterior chamber B. Posterior chamber C. Iridocorneal angle

c

With age, elasticity of lens is lost and _________ ("elder vision") results. -- Cannot focus on near objects. A. Ptosis B. Glaucoma C. Presbyopia D. Emmetropia

b

If the image is focused external to the retina, the condition is called _________ ("far sightedness"). Again, lenses or surgery are used to correct the condition. Conventional Lasik does not help with ___________. Other ophthalmic surgical techniques may be used. A. Myopia B. Hyperopia C. Presbyopia D. Emmetropia

a

If the lens and cornea focus the image internal to the retina, the condition is called _____________ ("near sightedness"). Images close to the eye are in focus, while images far away are not. Glasses, contact lenses, or Lasik surgery are used to modify the focus so that the ____________ is corrected. Lasik changes the shape of the cornea but does not alter the properties of the lens, so presbyopia is still present after Lasik surgery in older persons. A. Myopia B. Hyperopia C. Presbyopia D. Emmetropia

c

In older persons, the elasticity of the lens is lost, along with the ability to focus on near objects. This condition is called ___________. Because the lens never assumes the peanut M&M shape, it is impossible to focus on near objects, while the ability to focus on distant objects is preserved. Reading glasses are a simple and effective solution. A. Ptosis B. Glaucoma C. Presbyopia D. Emmetropia

b

In the disease _________, the drainage of aqueous humor is partially or completely blocked (commonly), or the ciliary body overproduces aqueous humor (rarely). This imbalance results in increased pressure in the eye. Blindness may result. Drugs which scrunch up the iris (such as epinephrine) may block the scleral venous sinus and either cause glaucoma or make it worse. A. Ptosis B. Glaucoma C. Presbyopia D. Emmetropia

d

Lens is used to focus on near and far objects. This process is called _________. A. adjusting B. flexation C. adaptation D. accommodation

a

Normally, light rays pass first through _________ and are bent (refracted) by the lens. A. cornea B. retina C. iris D. pupil

b

Normally, light rays pass first through cornea and are bent (refracted) by the lens. This focuses an image on the receptor surface (___________). A. cornea B. retina C. iris D. pupil

a b

Often cornea and/or lens are misshapen. This may result in ________ or _________. (Image is focused in front of the retina or behind it unless corrected.) (__ __) A. Myopia B. Hyperopia C. Presbyopia D. Emmetropia

b

One notable external feature of eyes that is sometimes present is the _____________. This is seen in individuals of Asian descent as well as in individuals of other races with genetic abnormalities, such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and chromosome 5p deletion (cri du chat syndrome). A. palpebral fissure B. epicanthal fold C. palpebral fold D. epicalthal fissure

t

T/F Aqueous Humor flow -- Made at ciliary body -- Flows along posterior surface of iris -- Passes through pupil -- Flows along anterior surface of iris -- Passes into scleral venous sinus (canal of Schlemm) -- Returns to Venous system Blockages in scleral venous sinus or overproduction of humor result in glaucoma (increased pressure inside the eye).

d

Tears are made by the __________, which are almond-shaped organs located along the lateral aspect of the upper palpebra. A. epicanthal fold B. lacrimal canals C. lacrimal ducts D. lacrimal glands E. nasolacrimal duct

b e

Tears pass out of the lacrimal ducts and along the surface of the eye. As they accumulate, they are drained into the ________ and ___________ into the nasal cavity. This is why your nose runs when you cry. A. epicanthal fold B. lacrimal canals C. lacrimal ducts D. lacrimal glands E. nasolacrimal duct (__ __)

b

The __________ is used to focus on near and far objects. A. cornea B. lens C. retina D. iris

b

The aqueous humor passes through the ___________ (along the interior surface of the iris, then between the lens and iris), out the pupil, and into the __________ flowing along the exterior surface of the iris. A. anterior chamber - posterior chamber B. posterior chamber - anterior chamer

d

The cornea and lens work together to focus an image on the retina. The condition of perfect focus is called ____________. A. Ptosis B. Glaucoma C. Presbyopia D. Emmetropia

d

The eyelashes, eyebrows, and lacrimal apparatus all work together to keep objects out of the eye, or to moisten and wash objects out of the eye if they do touch the surface. Tears are made by the __________, which are almond-shaped organs located along the lateral aspect of the upper palpebra. A. epicanthal fold B. lacrimal canals C. lacrimal ducts D. lacrimal glands E. nasolacrimal duct

a

The eyelids are controlled in part by smooth muscle and in part by skeletal muscle. When the nerves that innervate the eyelids are damaged by trauma or disease, the resulting condition is called ____________. A. Ptosis B. Glaucoma C. Presbyopia D. Emmetropia

c

The junction between iris and cornea is called the iridocorneal angle by clinicians. There, a structure called the _________ dumps aqueous humor back in the bloodstream. A. Anterior chamber B. Posterior chamber C. Scleral Venous Sinus (Canal of Schlemm)

a

The lens is a clear structure, shaped like an M&M, that works with the cornea to focus an image on the retina. When the eye is focused on a distant object, the ___________ pulls on the zonular fibers to flatten the lens (regular M&M). When the eye is focused on a near object, the __________ relaxes, and the lens snaps back into a more spherical shape (peanut M&M). This process which changes the shape of the lens to focus on objects near and far is called accommodation. A. ciliary muscle B. ciliary body C. vitreous body D. vitreous muscle

a

The lens is a clear structure, shaped like an M&M, that works with the cornea to focus an image on the retina. When the eye is focused on a distant object, the ciliary muscle pulls on the __________ to flatten the lens (regular M&M). When the eye is focused on a near object, the ciliary muscle relaxes, and the lens snaps back into a more spherical shape (peanut M&M). This process which changes the shape of the lens to focus on objects near and far is called accommodation. A. Zonular fibers B. Ciliary fluid C. Aqueous humor D. Scleral venous fluid

d

The lens is a clear structure, shaped like an M&M, that works with the cornea to focus an image on the retina. When the eye is focused on a distant object, the ciliary muscle pulls on the zonular fibers to flatten the lens (regular M&M). When the eye is focused on a near object, the ciliary muscle relaxes, and the lens snaps back into a more spherical shape (peanut M&M). This process which changes the shape of the lens to focus on objects near and far is called _________. A. adjusting B. flexation C. adaptation D. accommodation

c

There are ________ extraocular muscles that move the eye around. A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8

a

To view _________ objects: lens flatten due to pull of zonular fibers connecting ciliary muscle to lens. A. Distant B. Near

b

To view _________ objects: lens rounds passively because of elasticity. A. Distant B. Near

b

Two viscous (ie; goopy) liquids help maintain the shape of the eyeball. The _________ is the jelly-like substance in contact with the retina in the larger, central chamber of the eye. A. Ciliary body B. Vitreous body

b

Two viscous (ie; goopy) liquids help maintain the shape of the eyeball. The vitreous body is the jelly-like substance in contact with the retina in the larger, central chamber of the eye. The _________ filters blood to secrete aqueous humor into the anterior chamber, located between the lens and inside of the cornea. Aqueous humor is a filtrate of teh blood that nourishes the lens and cornea. (These structures have no blood supply, because blood vessels would destroy the optical properties of these clear structures.) A. Zonular fibers B. Ciliary body C. Iridocorneal angle D. Scleral Venous Sinus (Canal of Schlemm)

c

Two viscous (ie; goopy) liquids help maintain the shape of the eyeball. The vitreous body is the jelly-like substance in contact with the retina in the larger, central chamber of the eye. The ciliary body filters blood to secrete __________ into the anterior chamber, located between the lens and inside of the cornea. ___________ is a filtrate of the blood that nourishes the lens and cornea. (These structures have no blood supply, because blood vessels would destroy the optical properties of these clear structures.) A. Zonular fibers B. Ciliary fluid C. Aqueous humor D. Scleral venous fluid

a

Two viscous (ie; goopy) liquids help maintain the shape of the eyeball. The vitreous body is the jelly-like substance in contact with the retina in the larger, central chamber of the eye. The ciliary body filters blood to secrete aqueous humor into the ___________, located between the lens and inside of the cornea. Aqueous humor is a filtrate of the blood that nourishes the lens and cornea. (These structures have no blood supply, because blood vessels would destroy the optical properties of these clear structures.) A. Anterior chamber B. Posterior chamber C. Iridocorneal angle D. Scleral Venous Sinus (Canal of Schlemm)

m

What is shown at #10? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

n

What is shown at #11? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

f

What is shown at #12? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

e

What is shown at #13? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

d

What is shown at #14? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

k

What is shown at #1? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

c

What is shown at #2? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

b

What is shown at #3? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

L

What is shown at #4? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

j

What is shown at #5? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

a

What is shown at #6? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

g

What is shown at #7? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

h

What is shown at #8? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

i

What is shown at #9? A. Anterior chamber B. Anterior ciliary vein C. Bulbar conjunctiva D. Ciliary body E. Ciliary muscle F. Ciliary process G. Cornea H. Iris I. Lens J. Posterior chamber K. Sclera L. Scleral venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) M. Vitreous chamber N. Zonular fibers of lens

c

What type of vision is shown in the image? A. Myopia B. Hyperopia C. Emmetropia

a

What type of vision is shown in the image? (Left shows uncorrected vision, right shows corrected.) A. Myopia B. Hyperopia

b

What type of vision is shown in the image? (Left shows uncorrected vision, right shows corrected.) A. Myopia B. Hyperopia