Module 14
How is tobacco used in religious ceremonies
As a way to facilitate communication with spirits, show respect to deceased, and cure sickness and illness
Do American Indians embrace personalistic or naturalistic theories when it comes beliefs about causes of illness
Both
What different elements can be associated with the different directs of the 4 directions depending on the tribe
Different cordinal directions, stages or aspects of life, seasons, and plants and animals
True or false: American Indians believe that illness results from germs
False
True or false: traditional tobacco is inhaled
False
True or false: peyote is a legal substance for everyone
False, it is only legal on tribal lands because it's used in religious ceremonies
True or false: the concept of the four directions is the same for all tribes
False, it may take different interpretations with different elements associated with each direction
What do healing traditions focus on
Focus on harmony in order to restore health and focus on whole person, family, and community
What are the 4 healing traditions
Healing ceremonies, healers, sweat lodges, plants and herbs
The 4 directions emphasize what pathways of health
Holistic, circular, and interrelated pathways
an underground room used by southwestern Pueblo Indians for religious, political, or healing purposes
Kiva
The belief of the 4 directions is incorporated into what healing tradition
Medicine wheel
What are examples did healing ceremonies
Medicine wheel and kiva
What does western medicine focus on
Parts of body or organs
What are the different plants and herbs that are used in healing traditions
Sage, peyote, tobacco
What are examples of some healers
Shamans and medicine people
What are the practitioners in traditional American Indian medicine
Singers, medicine people, herbalists, ritualistic
What do American Indian believe causes illness
Something that happened in the past or will happen in the future, personal responsibility or qualities like violating tribal laws, spirits
What does traditional American Indian medicine use to treat illness
Song, ritual, herbs, sweat lodges, visions, dance, and manipulations
What do Alaskan natives believe causes illness
Spirits
Both American Indians and Alaskan natives similarly believe that causes health
Spiritual, mental, and physical strength lead to good health
what is a good way to cleans ones body and sweat out illness and disease
Sweat lodges
The 4 directions and the symbol of the circular is based on what idea
That individual choices can lead to a pathway of preservation, conservation, and wellness
What does a balanced ecosystem mean
There is harmony with ones self, family, and nature
American Indians believe that health is achieved when what occurs
There is harmony, adherence to traditions, beliefs, and obeying religious codes
How are plants and herbs used in healing traditions
To purify the spirit and bring balance
What is the most commonly used and one of the most sacred plants
Tobacco
Who uses diagnosis that is visionary or based on discussion, observation : western medicine or traditional American Indian medicine
Traditional American Indian medicine
How is traditional tobacco different from commercial tobacco in terms the type of tobacco used
Traditional tobacco is less strong and does not contain carcinogenic chemicals
True or false: American Indians believe that a persons soul can leave the body on its own will or can also be stolen by an enemy spirit
True
True or false: as Alaskan native tribes become less nomadic and settled, transition to germ theory is evident and people notice that the individual becomes sick and may die when exposed to germs
True
True or false: burning sage or smudging is a way of purifying a person or space to clean negative or bad energy
True
True or false: the concepts of harmony and balance of the 4 directions are virtually the same for all tribes
True
True or false: traditional American Indian medicine is holistic and focuses of whole body/ person , balance in mind, body, emotions, spirit
True
Who is peyote used by and what does it do
Used by shamans or medicine people to communicate with spirit world or used by sick person to make them throw up and expel illness from body
How do traditional American Indian and western medicine differ in terms of what they believed illness is due to
W: disease, infection, behavior ; TAI: imbalance, behavior
Which is wellness oriented and which is illness oriented: tradition American Indian medicine and western medicine
W: illness , TAI: wellness
How does traditional American Indian medicine differ from western medicine in terms of who/what they treat
W: test illness , TAI: treat whole person, family, community
How do practitioners in traditional American Indian medicine different from western medicine in terms of how they are trained
W: trained in medical school , TAI: highly trained apprenticeships
Who used diagnosis that is more technical, lab tests, exams, scans: traditional American Indian or western medicine
Western medicine
How is health restored for Alaskan natives
by a shaman removing an ill spirit
How do American Indians smoke tobacco
leave smoke in mouth and release into the air to carry prayer and messages to creator, not inhaled
What is a healing ceremony that incorporates the 4 directions and allows community members to see the interconnectiveness of its members
medicine wheel
How is the circular a key symbol and how does it relate to health
social mental physical and emotional health are all interrelated and these aspects lie within the circle which represents ones environment
How is health restored for American Indians
violation needs to be set right to restore harmony, also use healing traditions to achieve harmony
