Module 14

How is tobacco used in religious ceremonies

As a way to facilitate communication with spirits, show respect to deceased, and cure sickness and illness

Do American Indians embrace personalistic or naturalistic theories when it comes beliefs about causes of illness

Both

What different elements can be associated with the different directs of the 4 directions depending on the tribe

Different cordinal directions, stages or aspects of life, seasons, and plants and animals

True or false: American Indians believe that illness results from germs

False

True or false: traditional tobacco is inhaled

False

True or false: peyote is a legal substance for everyone

False, it is only legal on tribal lands because it's used in religious ceremonies

True or false: the concept of the four directions is the same for all tribes

False, it may take different interpretations with different elements associated with each direction

What do healing traditions focus on

Focus on harmony in order to restore health and focus on whole person, family, and community

What are the 4 healing traditions

Healing ceremonies, healers, sweat lodges, plants and herbs

The 4 directions emphasize what pathways of health

Holistic, circular, and interrelated pathways

an underground room used by southwestern Pueblo Indians for religious, political, or healing purposes

Kiva

The belief of the 4 directions is incorporated into what healing tradition

Medicine wheel

What are examples did healing ceremonies

Medicine wheel and kiva

What does western medicine focus on

Parts of body or organs

What are the different plants and herbs that are used in healing traditions

Sage, peyote, tobacco

What are examples of some healers

Shamans and medicine people

What are the practitioners in traditional American Indian medicine

Singers, medicine people, herbalists, ritualistic

What do American Indian believe causes illness

Something that happened in the past or will happen in the future, personal responsibility or qualities like violating tribal laws, spirits

What does traditional American Indian medicine use to treat illness

Song, ritual, herbs, sweat lodges, visions, dance, and manipulations

What do Alaskan natives believe causes illness

Spirits

Both American Indians and Alaskan natives similarly believe that causes health

Spiritual, mental, and physical strength lead to good health

what is a good way to cleans ones body and sweat out illness and disease

Sweat lodges

The 4 directions and the symbol of the circular is based on what idea

That individual choices can lead to a pathway of preservation, conservation, and wellness

What does a balanced ecosystem mean

There is harmony with ones self, family, and nature

American Indians believe that health is achieved when what occurs

There is harmony, adherence to traditions, beliefs, and obeying religious codes

How are plants and herbs used in healing traditions

To purify the spirit and bring balance

What is the most commonly used and one of the most sacred plants

Tobacco

Who uses diagnosis that is visionary or based on discussion, observation : western medicine or traditional American Indian medicine

Traditional American Indian medicine

How is traditional tobacco different from commercial tobacco in terms the type of tobacco used

Traditional tobacco is less strong and does not contain carcinogenic chemicals

True or false: American Indians believe that a persons soul can leave the body on its own will or can also be stolen by an enemy spirit

True

True or false: as Alaskan native tribes become less nomadic and settled, transition to germ theory is evident and people notice that the individual becomes sick and may die when exposed to germs

True

True or false: burning sage or smudging is a way of purifying a person or space to clean negative or bad energy

True

True or false: the concepts of harmony and balance of the 4 directions are virtually the same for all tribes

True

True or false: traditional American Indian medicine is holistic and focuses of whole body/ person , balance in mind, body, emotions, spirit

True

Who is peyote used by and what does it do

Used by shamans or medicine people to communicate with spirit world or used by sick person to make them throw up and expel illness from body

How do traditional American Indian and western medicine differ in terms of what they believed illness is due to

W: disease, infection, behavior ; TAI: imbalance, behavior

Which is wellness oriented and which is illness oriented: tradition American Indian medicine and western medicine

W: illness , TAI: wellness

How does traditional American Indian medicine differ from western medicine in terms of who/what they treat

W: test illness , TAI: treat whole person, family, community

How do practitioners in traditional American Indian medicine different from western medicine in terms of how they are trained

W: trained in medical school , TAI: highly trained apprenticeships

Who used diagnosis that is more technical, lab tests, exams, scans: traditional American Indian or western medicine

Western medicine

How is health restored for Alaskan natives

by a shaman removing an ill spirit

How do American Indians smoke tobacco

leave smoke in mouth and release into the air to carry prayer and messages to creator, not inhaled

What is a healing ceremony that incorporates the 4 directions and allows community members to see the interconnectiveness of its members

medicine wheel

How is the circular a key symbol and how does it relate to health

social mental physical and emotional health are all interrelated and these aspects lie within the circle which represents ones environment

How is health restored for American Indians

violation needs to be set right to restore harmony, also use healing traditions to achieve harmony