Module 3

What is the order of the two addresses in the data link frame?

1. Destination MAC 2. Source MAC

A web client is sending a request for a webpage to a web server. From the perspective of the client, what is the correct order of the protocol stack that is used to prepare the request for transmission?

1. HTTP governs the way that a web server and client interact. 2. TCP manages individual conversations between web servers and clients. 3. IP is responsible for delivery across the best path to the destination. 4. Ethernet takes the packet from IP and formats it for transmission.

3 points about network layer and data link layer addresses?

1. Network Layer Addresses are logical and data links are as 12 hexadecimal digits 2. Data Link Layer Addresses are physical and network layer addresses are logical 3. Network Layer Addresses are either 32 or 128 bits in length

What are two benefits of using a layered network model?

1. assists in protocol design 2. fosters competition between vendors prevents a technology that functions at one layer from affecting any other layer 3. provides a common language for describing network functionality 4. helps in visualizing the interaction between each layer and protocols between each layer

Which two protocols function at the internet layer? What is a network access layer Protocol? What are the 2 application layer protocols

IP, ICMP PPP POP, BOOTP

Which protocol stack layer encapsulates data into frames?

data Link

What is the name of the process of adding protocol information to data as it moves down the protocol stack?

encapsulation

What type of communications is? 1. Broadcast 2.MultiCast 3.Unicast

Broadcast communication is a one-to-all communication. A unicast communication is a one-to-one communication. Multicast is a one-to-many communication where the message is delivered to a specific group of hosts.

What process is used to receive transmitted data and convert it into a readable message?

Decoding

What is done to an IP packet before it is transmitted over the physical medium?

Encapsulated in a layer 2 Frame Topic 3.6.0 - When messages are sent on a network, the encapsulation process works from the top of the OSI or TCP/IP model to the bottom. At each layer of the model, the upper layer information is encapsulated into the data field of the next protocol. For example, before an IP packet can be sent, it is encapsulated in a data link frame at Layer 2 so that it can be sent over the physical medium.

What process is used to place one message inside another message for transfer from the source to the destination?

Encapsulation is the process of placing one message format into another message format

True or False? Data Link addresses are physical so they never change in the data link frame from source to destination.

False

True or false? The right-most part of an IP address is used to identify the network that a device belongs to.

False

What is the general term that is used to describe a piece of data at any layer of a networking model?

PDU: Protocol Data Unit Topic 3.6.0 - The term protocol data unit (PDU) is used to describe a piece of data at any layer of a networking model. A packet is the PDU at the network layer. A frame is the data link layer PDU. A segment is the PDU at the transport layer.

What is the purpose of protocols in data communications?

Provide rules for type of communication to occur Topic 3.1.0 - Protocols provide rules that define how a message is transmitted across a network. Implementation requirements such as electronic and bandwidth details for data communication are specified by standards. Operating systems are not specified by protocols, but will implement protocols. Protocols determine how and when to send a message but they do not control the contents of a message.

What is the PDU associated with the transport layer?

Segment

What is the process of dividing a large data stream into smaller pieces prior to transmission?

Segmentation

How many layers does the OSI model Consist of and what are they called?

application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link, and physical

What is used to determine the network portion of an IPv4 address?

Subnet Mask

In computer communication, what is the purpose of message encoding?

To convert info to the correct form for transmission. opic 3.1.0 - Before a message is sent across a network it must first be encoded. Encoding is the process of converting the data message into another format suitable for transmission across the physical medium. Each bit of the message is encoded into a pattern of sounds, light waves, or electrical impulses depending on the network media over which the bits are transmitted. The destination host receives and decodes the signals in order to interpret the message.

Which layer of the OSI model defines services to segment and reassemble data for individual communications between end devices?

Transport

True or false? Frames exchanged between devices in different IP networks must be forwarded to a default gateway

True