Module 3 - Healthcare data management and Statistics

Histograms

Graphic displays of frequency distributions. Histograms are used to display continuous data that has been organized into a series of intervals. *HISTOGRAMS ARE NOT USEFUL FOR DISPLAYING DISCRETE DATA*

Tables

-numerical information that is organized into rows and columns to facilitate reference to the data within. Well-constructed tables consist of a number of components that allow the information within to be understood without reference to any other sources. Nutritional information tables, multiplication tables, and tax tables are some examples.

In a pie chart, all the slices will always add up to what percent? a. 75% b. 50% c. 100% d. 25%

100%

Explain how pivot tables make it easier to see relationships in a set of data.

A pivot table works by automatically extracting the information you want to see and summarizing the information in a smaller, separate table.

Pictograms

Pictograms are sometimes called pictographs. They use icons instead of #s to represent units of data.

A _______ is an excellent choice for representing categorical or nominal data, like gender, race, marital status, and zip code, where the bars do not touch because the data is not continuous. a. line graph b. bar chart c. pie chart d. scatter diagram

bar chart

line graphs

best used to illustrate trends in the frequency of data. The data is laid out on a graph with an x-axis and a y-axis. The x-axis is the horizontal one (independent variable) and the y-axis is the vertical one (dependent variable.) *LINE GRAPHS ARE USEFUL FOR SHOWING TRENDS OVER TIME*

Another name for a box is ____, which tells the reader what type of data is displayed in the columns.

box head or column header

You cannot perform mathematical calculations on which type of data? a. Continuous b. Integral c. Discrete d. Categorical

categorical

The data displayed on a heart rate monitor machine is an example of what? a. Histogram b. Pie chart c. Line graph d. Scatter diagram

line graph

What uses icons instead of numbers to represent units of data? a. Histograms b. Scatter diagrams c. Pictograms d. Bar graphs

pictogram

Which type of data representation is best used to show comparisons of the proportions of categories to each other? a. Histogram b. Scatter diagram c. Line graph d. Pie chart

pie chart

One feature that data analysts use frequently to summarize the data in a lengthy table is called a ______ table. a. pivot table b. frequency table c. precision table d. contingency table

pivot table

Which type of presentation method shows actual data points that can be used to examine relationships (like medicine and test results)? a. Scatter diagram b. Line graph c. Histogram d. Pie chart

scatter diagram

scatter diagrams

scatter diagrams help visualize suspected cause and effect relationships between INDEPENDENT and DEPENDENT variables. Example: A coding supervisor has been trying to manage the workload of an increase in the number of charts that need to be coded from a recent increase in admissions. While her coders have been getting the charts coded, she has also seen the % of miscoded (dependent variable) charts increase. She suspects that it might be from the charts coded with overtime hours (independent variable.)

The _____ of the data tells the reader the origin of the data and allows him or her to reproduce the study using the same data if necessary or desired. a. source b. figures c. footnotes d. appendices

source

The general structure of the table is referred to as what? a. Title b. Box head c. Table shell d. Cells

table shell

two-variable tables

two-variable tables are called contingency tables or cross-tabulations. Contingency tables will be important when we need to calculate inferential statistics from a sample of a population data.

The horizontal axis that is used to place the independent variables is also called what? a. x axis b. Coordinates c. z axis d. y axis

x axis

Pie charts

Pie charts present data categories in percentages of a whole. They are best used to show comparisons of the proportions of categories to each other. For example: a discharge disposition is a type of categorical (nominal data), in that a patient cannot be transferred to home and to a hospice. A pie chart would be a great way to display how our patients left the hospital. (Are most discharged to home? Were they transferred? Did they expire (die)? Did they leave against medical advice (AMA)? *KEEP IN MIND TO KEEP THE CATEGORIES SMALL, TOO MANY CATEGORIES CAN BE DIFFICULT TO READ*

The intersection of a column and a row is referred to as a ________. a. cell b. table shell c. title d. box head

cell

bar charts and bar graphs

excellent choice for representing categorical or nominal data, like gender, race, marital status, and zip code. *THE BARS DO NOT TOUCH BECAUSE THE DATA IS NOT CONTINUOUS*

What is it called when all the data you have fits into all the categories you have? a. Exhaustive b. Mutually exhaustive c. Justified d. Empty

exhaustive

What type of table shows how many of a category appears for each class interval?

frequency table

You are asked to build a graphic display of data showing the frequency of cancer incidence among age groups ranging from 1 to 10, 11 to 20, 21 to 30, 31 to 40, 41 to 50, 51 to 60, 61 to 70, 71 to 80, and 81 to 90. Which data presentation method would you choose? a. Histogram b. Line graph c. Scatter diagram d. Pie chart

histogram

What are used to display continuous data that has been organized into a series of intervals? a. Pie charts b. Line graphs c. Histograms d. Scatter diagrams

histograms