Module 6-exam

states of matter

-atoms in a solid are more closely packed than in a liquid -solids have fixed volumes and shapes -liquids can conform to container -gas particles move most rapidly

formed from covalent bonds where atoms do not share electrons evenly

polar bonds

Which macromolecule is responsible for the formation of a cell's membrane? Multiple choice question. A)carbohydrates B)nucleic acids C)proteins D)lipids

D)lipids

a substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water,

acid

minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction

activation energy

the attractive force that holds particles of different substances together

adhesion

building block of matter which contains subatomic particles

atom

the number of protons+ the number of neutrons

atomic mass

the number of protons , unique for each element

atomic number

substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water

base

substance that neutralize small amounts of acid or base; important for enzymes because they can only operate in a specific ph range

buffer

molecules rise to the surface: water in plants

capillary action

STUDY THE MACROMOLECULES

carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

Identify the four most abundant elements found in living things. Select all that apply. Multiple select question. A)carbon B)hydrogen C)oxygen D)nitrogen E)phosphorus F)sodium G)zinc H)silicon

carbon B)hydrogen C)oxygen D)nitrogen

substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not itself consumed in the reaction

catalyst

energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances

chemical reaction

one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances

chemical reaction

the attractive force that holds molecules of a single substance together: surface tension

cohesion

made up of two or more elements in fixed proportions

compounds

non metal+ non metal

covalent bond

negatively charged particle that occupies space around an atom's nucleus

electron

pure substance composed of only one type of atom

element

Substances that CANNOT be broken down chemically into simpler kinds of matter

elements

A covalent bond is a weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom. true or false?

false

the force of attraction between a hydrogen molecules with a partial positive charge with another atom with a partial negative charge

hydrogen bonds

simplest part of a substance that remains all of the properties

molecule

particle without a charge in an atom's nucleus

neutron

center of an atom which contains neutrons and protons

nucleus

where electrons particles are located

orbitals

a reactant looses an electron

oxidation

measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution

pH

Which is true in a covalent bond? Multiple choice question. A)The bond forms when electrons are shared. B)The bond forms between ions. C)The bond forms when electrons are donated. D)The bond is caused by van der Waals forces.

A)The bond forms when electrons are shared.

What is a polar molecule? Multiple choice question. A)a molecule with oppositely charged regions B)a molecule that has lost or gained electrons C)a molecule that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution D)a large molecule formed by joining smaller molecules together

A)a molecule with oppositely charged regions

What are van der Waals forces? Multiple choice question. A)attractive forces between molecules B)minimum amount of energy needed for a chemical reaction C)molecules that store genetic information D)forces that bond ions together

A)attractive forces between molecules

What is an active site? Multiple choice question. A)the specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme B)a molecule that acts as a biological catalyst C)the reactant to which an enzyme binds D)a mixture that maintains the pH of a solution within a specific range

A)the specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme

Which macromolecule stores genetic information for an organism? Multiple choice question. A)carbohydrate B)nucleic acid C)protein D)lipid

B)nucleic acid

Biological buffers work to keep pH in your body in a range of __. Multiple choice question. A) 4.5 - 5.5 B) 5.5 - 6.5 C) 6.5 - 7.5 D) 7.5 - 8.5

C) 6.5 - 7.5

metal + non metal

ionic bond

two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons

isotope

the quantity of matter an object has

mass

anything that has mass and takes up space

matter

breaks down food into carbon dioxide and water

metabolism

substance formed by a chemical reaction

product

positively charged particle in an atom's nucleus

proton

Positively charged particles in an atom are

protons

substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts

reactant

a reactant gains an electron

reduction

a mixture that can react with an acid or base to maintain the pH of a solution within a specific range

solute

substance dissolved in a solvent

solute

a homogeneous mixture formed when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent)

solution

substance in which another substance is dissolved

solvent

Discuss why our bodies need enzymes to lower the activation energy of various biological reactions, instead of simply obtaining enough activation energy from other sources

to digest food and break it down

A substrate is a reactant to which an enzyme binds. true or false?

true