Psych Ch2 Pre-test

Sasha sat in the preschool classroom and watched the children play, writing down how well they interacted with each other. The children could see that Sasha was watching them, so they made an attempt to be extra well-behaved for her. Sasha's research will be impacted by:

Observer Effect

Dr. Jonas wanted to determine what would happen if rats were given food every time they completed a maze. He believed they would learn to complete the maze faster. This belief is called

Prediction

Dr. Edwards wants to show a causal relationship between tobacco smoking and cancer. Dr. Edwards should:

conduct an experiment using animal participants.

Experimenters control the effects of extraneous or confounding variables upon members of experimental and control groups by using:

random assignment

What did Watson believe about behavior?

that is learned

Because psychologists want to be precise and measure as carefully as they can, they use ________ to study psychology.

the scientific method

Researchers use ________ for reducing bias and error in the measurement of data.

the scientific method

If a correlation coefficient is positive:

the two variables increase in the same direction.

________ focuses on how people think, remember, store, and use information.

Cognitive psychology

Mrs. Lewis participated in a study in which she was given no treatment for her condition. Mrs. Lewis was in the ________ group.

Control

When Mary took the survey in the mall, she noticed that the interviewer was wearing an Obama button. She answered the questions more favorably toward Obama than she might otherwise have, probably because:

Courtesy Bias

A drug company is determining the effects of a treatment for depression. Neither the researcher nor the participants know who is getting the treatment and who is given a sugar pill. This type of study is:

Double-blind effect

Correlation will tell researchers all of the following EXCEPT ________ between variables.

If there is a causation

A researcher wants to describe children's normal behavior on the playground. The best method for this research is to use

Naturalistic Observation

Which of the following is a guideline for doing research with people?

Participants must be allowed to make an informed decision about participation

Mrs. O'Connor participated in a study in which she was told she would try out a new allergy medicine. She was in the group that received a sugar pill, but she believed that the pill did indeed help control her allergy symptoms. This phenomenon is known as:

Placebo Effect

John Watson believed that phobias:

are learned through the process of conditioning.

Anna is 45 years old and is suffering from hot flashes and extreme moodiness. From a(n) _____ perspective, Anna's symptoms can be attributed to menopause.

biopsychological

The psychological perspective that is associated with William James is:

functionalism

Freud believed that personality was formed:

in the first 6 years of life

Freud's theory of psychoanalysis:

is still in use by professionals today, with less emphasis on sex and sexual motivations.

Researchers who allow their expectations about what they will see to affect the results of their observation studies are suffering from:

observer bias

A ________ has a medical degree and is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders.

psychiatrist

Mary is a psychologist who focuses on the role of the conscious and unconscious minds. To which perspective does Mary ascribe?

psychodynamic

Which of the following illustrates psychology's goal of control?

using rewards to help a smoker give up cigarettes.