Module 6 Information

middle kingdom, center of the world

"China" means "__________ _____________" or "__________ _____ ______ __________."

filial piety, suppression, community, family, self, deference

A rigid pattern of conduct that evolved in Japan during the 16th century related to _________ ________, ____________________ of emotions, not disgracing _________________, __________ or ________, and ___________________.

1.3 million, 95

According to 2010 U.S. census figures, ______ ____________ Japanese Americans live in the U.S.; more than _______% of Japanese Americans live in culturally mixed urban and suburban areas.

1880s, Chinatowns, 1943

After the __________, immigrations slowed because of discrimination; in the U.S. many Chinese settled in urban areas together, creating ____________________ in each city; it was not until _________ that the Chinese could become naturalized U.S. citizens.

mortality, hypertension, alcohol consumption

Age-adjusted _______________ rates for Korean Americans are lower than for the general population; _____________________ rates are lower than in Korea; Koreans have higher ____________ ___________________ rates compared to other Asian groups.

personal responsibility, family, society, biomedical, language barriers, low income, long work hours, inconvenient location, insurance

Americans of Chinese descent accept ____________ ______________________ for their health; keeping health is considered an obligation to _________ and ___________; _________________ health care is underutilized; ____________ ___________, _______ ___________, ________ _______ _________, ____________________ ____________, and lack of ______________ are reasons believed to limit access.

rice, wheat, one half, 95, Bangladesh, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam

Among the cereals, _______ and __________ share equal importance as leading food sources for human beings; rice is a staple food for nearly ______ ________ of the world's population and about _______% of the crop is grown and consumed in Asia; the highest level of per capita rice consumption takes place in _____________________, ________________, _________________, _________, _________________, ______________, and _______________.

Taoism, nature's, yang, yin

Another traditional religion is ___________; in this religion, people are subordinate to ____________ way; the world is composed of a duality of opposite principles, the _________ and the _______, and balance between the two is the goal.

Italian short-grain, risotto, firm, rounded, creamy, chewy, amylopectin, glutinous

Arborio rice is an ___________ _________-_________ rice; it is used in making ______________; in the final product of that dish, the rice is still slightly ________ with _____________ grains and it has a ___________ and __________ texture which is due to the high _____________________ starch content that is released during the mixing of the cooking process; Arborio rice is a type of _________________ rice.

rice, soybean, tea, fermented fish sauces, fish pastes

As in China and Japan, the staple foods are _______, ______________ products, and _______; instead of soy sauce Southeast Asians season food with ________________ ________ ___________ and _________ __________.

Westernized, at home, fast foods, gender, marital status, age, caste, region, traditional, meat eaters

Asian Indian immigrants are familiar with a ___________________ diet before coming to the U.S., but even the most acculturated usually prefer to eat Indian foods when eating _____ ________; males who lack cooking skills may rely on ________ __________ only; acculturation levels vary by ___________, ___________ __________, _______, _________, and ___________; Asian Indian Americans make an effort to obtain ___________________ food products; early research on Asian Indian immigrants reported a significant number of vegetarians become ________ __________ when living in America.

California, New York, New Jersey, professional, self-employed, New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia, Los Angeles

Asian Indians form large groups who mainly settle in metropolitan areas of _________________, _______ _________, and _______ ___________; early immigrants were in ____________________ careers, while newer immigrants are frequently ________-_________________; many Pakistanis have settled in large urban areas -- especially _______ _________ __________, ______________, __________________________, and _______ ________________.

hot, cold, like causes like, yin-yang

Balance is attempted at meals between _______ and _________ elements; other food beliefs are based on "________ ___________ _________"; Vietnamese follow the Chinese ______-________ theory of health and diet.

Middle East, Pandan

Basmati rice is common in the __________ ________; has the distinct _____________ flavor.

daily, regional, community, personal, holy figure, community members, poor

Celebrations and special occasions occur on a daily basis in India; there are ______________ holidays, ________________ celebrations, and ______________ events, such as births, weddings, and funerals; on feast days, large amounts of everyday foods and sweets are presented to the _______ ___________, and then to the __________________ ____________; these feast days may be the only days the _________ get enough to eat.

1.36 billion

China has a population of over ________ _____________ people of a variety of ethnic and racial groups; many dialects are spoken.

five, two, cool, Shandong, Honan

China is usually divided into _______ culinary regions or ______ areas (southern and northern); northern China has a _______ climate, limiting the amount and type of food produced; the northern regions include the ______________ and _________ regions of Chinese cooking.

humoral, folk remedies, organ, hot, cold, equilibrium

Chinese medicine includes a complex and long-established ___________ system of medicine as well as ________ ______________ used by laypersons at home; the five elements each have a corresponding __________ of the body; the adoption of Buddhist principles of _______ and ________ humoral medicine was congruent with the Taoist system of yin and yang; illness develops when one of these is no longer in ____________________.

leisurely, personal, evasive, Hindu, Sikh, Christian, Muslims, woman

Communication among Asian Indians is ______________ and ______________; an _____________ response to a question is considered more polite than directly saying "no"; most Indian _________, ________, and _______________ men and women avoid contact with the opposite sex in public; it is forbidden for ____________; Islamic rules relating to modesty require women to seek care from a ____________ doctor.

metal pots, pans, utensils, raw, fruits

Cooking developed without benefit of __________ _______, ________, and ______________, and many foods were eaten ________ throughout the islands; many _________ were available.

cure, single-dose, directions

Doctors who practice Chinese medicine are often consulted concurrently with biomedical care in an effort to maximize the chances of a _______; many Chinese are accustomed to _________-________ Chinese medicines and may discontinue a prescription if _______________ are not thoroughly explained.

purity, pollution, kanpo, kanpo-i, 16th

Early Japanese health beliefs involved Shinto concepts of __________ and _________________; the more complex herbal medications of China were brought to Japan as __________ and practitioners were called _____________; Europeans introduced biomedicine to Japan in the _________ century and it was widely embraced.

Buddhist, Christian, Shintoism, inherently good

Early Japanese immigrants usually joined a ____________ temple or a _____________ church after arriving in America; ________________, the indigenous religion of Japan, does not have a formal organization; the Shinto view is that humans are ____________________ _________.

rice, grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables, yogurt, ghee, masalas, dry, aromatic, wheat, rice, wet, spicy

Few individual foods are eaten throughout all of India, but ________ is the most commonly eaten grain; __________ and _____________ predominate with added __________ and _____________________ in the vegetarian cuisine; dairy items are often used as supplements, particularly fermented milk products like ____________; _________ -- pure, clarified butter or the less expensive vegetable shortening called by the same name -- is found throughout the country; _____________ are distinctive mixtures of spices and herbs; in the north, _______ ______________ versions are used, and _________ is the more common grain; in the south, _______ is more common and "_______," _________ versions are used.

fate, high, formal, polite, confrontation, unbalanced, biomedical, traditional

Filipino-Americans may accept illness as ________, tolerating symptoms until the severity forces them to seek care; the communication style is very ________-context; expression is __________ and ___________ and _____________________ is avoided; independent of education level, many still adhere to many traditional beliefs about the cause of illness, including ____________________ conditions; other groups from Southeast Asia may continue certain traditional health practices and consult multiple ____________________ and ___________________ practitioners for relief of symptoms.

Han, bananas, peanuts, chile peppers

Food habits and preferences of the _______ people, the largest ethnic group in China, dominate; foods that are now common in China, but were not indigenous, are _______________, ___________, and ________ ____________.

two, snacks, textures, color, seasonings, Tiffin

For Asian Indians, _______ full meals with substantial __________ are typical; ______________, _________, and balance of ____________________ are all important factors; snacking is very important in India and a clear distinction is made between meals and snacks; in southern India, _________ is a snack; this specifies that, no matter how substantial the offering, what is being eaten is not a meal.

daffodils, vitamin A, blindness

Golden rice is a genetically modified food product that comes from combining the genes ________________ and rice and through this process, the ______________ _____ content of the rice is significantly higher than traditional white rice; this deficiency is a nutrient of concern around the world and the leading cause of __________________ in children around the world.

happiness, fully, impairment, burden, appetite, um, yang, Hanyak, hanui

Health is related to ____________________, to the ability to live life _________, function without _______________________, and not be a ___________ on one's children; a good _____________ is a significant indicator of health; proper balance of ______ (yin) and __________ must occur to maintain health; too much or too little of the five elements causes illness; ____________ is a traditional approach to natural cures in Korea and is practiced by a __________, who may use some biomedical procedures along with traditional practices in the U.S.

herbal infusions, poultices, hakims, Islami-Tibb, herbs, botanicals

Home remedies are prevalent and include __________ _______________ and ________________; in Pakistan, the traditional healers, ___________, use ____________-_________, a humoral form of medicine adapted from traditional Arab systems; _________ or _________________ are used to maintain balance in the body.

family, male, birth sequence

Hundreds of years of Confucianism in Korea have significantly influenced family structure, with __________ being highly valued; a ________ is always the head of the family; _________ ______________ orders life's events within the family.

unbalanced, personal obligations, formality, politeness, first names, Sansei, Yonsei

Illness may be regarded as both a symptom of an ______________________ life and an impediment to fulfilling ____________ __________________; _____________ and _________________ are essential conversational elements in Japan and addressing Japanese elders by their ________ _________ is very insulting; ___________ and ____________ are often more informal.

upper, English, American, 1960s, 1970s, thousands

Immigrants from India and Pakistan are generally from the _________ socioeconomic classes, are often fluent in ____________, and know many _______________ customs; many Asian Indians who immigrated in the _________ and __________ were highly educated professionals who quickly assimilated; ______________ of Pakistanis immigrate to the U.S. each year.

India, Pakistan, 1.28 billion, Indus, Ganges, Himalayan

Immigrants from South Asia, mostly _________ and ________________, comprise one of the fastest growing immigrant populations in the U.S.; India is a culturally complex country with a population of more than ________ ____________ people; the South Asian subcontinent contains the fertile __________ and ___________ river basins, as well as parts of the ___________________ mountain range.

rice, soy sauce

In America, generally second-generation Japanese Americans eat a typical American diet, but they eat more ________ and use more _______ _________ than non-Asians.

1900, 1903, 1905, 1907, 1924, 1959, 1971

In America, there were only a small number of Koreans before _________; between _________ and __________, more than 7,000 Koreans arrived to work in Hawaiian sugarcane fields; in _________, the U.S. entered a gentlemen's agreement with Japan limiting both Japanese and Korean immigration; in _________, the Japanese Exclusion Act was applied to Koreans, as well, preventing all immigration; between _________ and __________, nearly all of the Korean immigrants were the families of U.S. Korean War veterans.

husband, dating, arranged, patriarchal, faith, date, arranged, seventh grade

In Asian Indian families in India, the ____________ is typically considered to be the head of the family; ___________ is uncommon in India and many marriages are _______________; in Pakistan, the family is strongly ___________________; _________ is the essential ruling aspect of life; many young Pakistani Americans are not allowed to ________ and marriages are frequently _______________; in more conservative homes, girls may be withdrawn from public schools in the _____________ _________ to prevent mixing with boys.

traditional, ayurvedic, humoral, biomedicine, diet, herbal, meditation, hot, cold

In India, __________________ medicine has a long and distinguished history; __________________ medicine is particularly important to understand; it established the _____________ concepts of the body that were later adopted in Greece and eventually evolved into ______________________ as it is practiced today; therapy uses _________, ___________ medicines, and _____________________ to reestablish equilibrium; diet is extremely important -- foods are classified as _______ or _________ depending on their effect on the body.

north, south, east, west, region, region, religious, caste

In India, the traditional foods vary from ________ to _________, ________ to ________, ___________ to ___________, and among _________________ and _________ groups.

98, Sunni, Shiite, mosque

In Pakistan, nearly _______% of the population is Muslim: three-fourths are _________ and one-fourth are ___________; when Pakistanis move to the U.S., they typically attend services at a ___________ regularly.

Buddhism, Confucianism, 28.4, Marxism, self-reliance, Christians

In South Korea, ______________ and ______________________ are the major religions; approximately __________ percent of South Koreans are Christian; in North Korea, all religious beliefs other than the national ideology of _______________ and ________-_________________ are suppressed; the first Korean immigrants at the turn of the century were _________________ attracted to the U.S. as a religious homeland.

1947, Kashmir, Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, North-West Frontier Province

In _________, Pakistan was granted its independence from India in order to provide a Muslim minority a homeland; India and Pakistan have fought wars and continue to fight over ______________; Pakistan is comprised of four regions: ___________, _________, ____________________, and the _________-_______ ___________ ______________ (NWFP), each with its own language and cultures.

8,000, 13,500, Pearl River Valley, Southeast, South, Europe, Americas, water, labor-intensive

In examining the origins of rice, there is genetic evidence that shows that rice originated from a single cultivated region between __________ and _____________ years ago in the _________ _________ __________ region in China; from East Asia, rice spread to _________________ and __________ Asia; rice was introduced to ___________ through western Asia and to the ______________ through European colonization; rice cultivation requires abundant __________ and it's _________-________________; essentially, rice is cultivated with cheap labor and in areas where water is plentiful.

language barriers, cultural attitudes, burden, quiet, nonassertive, controlled, touching

In nutrition counseling, ______________ _____________ and ______________ _______________ may interfere with counseling; asking for help may be a sign of being a ___________; Koreans have a _________, _______________________ approach to conversation and emotions are ________________; ______________ is uncommon.

Himalayan, Hindukush, Indus

In the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, located to the northwest of India, the ___________________ Mountains stretch across the north and the ____________________ range defines the northwestern region; the __________ River supplies the southern plains with water.

rice, millet, barley, kimchi, seaweed, fish, shellfish, herbal teas, milk, dairy products

In the Korean diet, _______ is the foundation; _________ and __________, often used as extenders for rice and noodles, are also important staples; vegetables are served at every meal, often ___________, a mix of pickled, fermented vegetables such as cabbage; ______________ is also eaten as a vegetable; ________ and __________________ are frequently eaten; __________ _______ are very popular; ________ and other __________ _____________ are not generally used.

1850s, railroads, agriculture

In the _________, many Chinese men immigrated to California to work in the gold fields; in addition, 10,000 Chinese worked on the ______________; many Chinese also worked in ___________________ in Hawaii.

127 million, 1890, picture brides, Issei, 1913, 1924, World War II

Japan has over ________ ___________ people; a significant number of Japanese immigrated to the United States after __________ during the Meiji era; most Japanese women came to the United States as __________ _________, with arranged marriages to men in America; the _________ (first-generation immigrants) were classified as aliens who were ineligible to become naturalized U.S. citizens; in ________, land ownership became illegal in California; in __________, the Japanese Exclusion Act halted Japanese immigration completely; _________ _______ ______ heightened the prejudice against the Japanese on the West Coast.

mountainous, arable, rice, su, noodles, soybean, green tea

Japan's ____________________ terrain and limited __________ land result in less than abundant food supply; _______ is the main staple; rice mixed with rice vinegar, called _____, is used in sushi; rice is also made into ____________, although those made from wheat are more common; ______________ products are an important component of Japanese cuisine; _________ _______ is served with most meals.

non-confrontational, no, high-context, gesture, knowledgeable authority figure

Japanese are ______-_________________________ and may be reluctant to say "______" even when the answer to a question is negative; the Japanese are extremely _______-____________, and the slightest ___________ may have meaning; Japanese Americans believe that the health care provider is a ________________________ _____________ ___________ who will meet their needs without assistance.

dairy, soybean, fish, shellfish, seaweed, algae

Japanese fare does not use many ________ foods; ______________ products and a wide variety of ________ and _________________ are the primary protein sources; the Japanese use a large amount of _______________ and __________ in their cooking for seasoning, as a wrapping, or in salads and soups.

ingredients, cooking, eating utensils, preparation, presentation, seen, tasted, relished, appearance

Japanese food ___________________, as well as ___________ and __________ ___________, are very similar to those of the Chinese; both Japanese food ___________________ and _____________________ are unique; each item is to be _________, ___________, and ______________ and _______________________ is emphasized.

Thai fragrant, long-grain, nutty, 2-acetyl-1-pyrolline, Pandan, Thai

Jasmine rice is sometimes called _______ ________________ rice, is a _______-_________ variety of rice that has a _________ aroma and a subtle flavor caused by the compound ____-_________-____-____________________; this is the same flavor that is found in a tropical plant called ______________; this plant and the unique flavor is popular in ________ cooking.

supernatural, nature, society, family, ancestors, religion, kin, community, malevolent spirits, angry ancestors

Keeping healthy requires personal harmony with the _____________________ world, ___________, ___________, and ___________; harmony is fulfilled through meeting one's obligations to one's _______________, one's ______________, and one's ________ and _________________; _____________________ ___________ or the ghosts of __________ _______________ may be blamed for illness.

homogeneous, independent

Korea has maintained a _____________________ population with an _____________________ character.

hearty, seasoned, flavor profile, sweet, sour, bitter, hot, salty

Korean fare is ___________, is highly __________________, and has a recognizable __________ ___________; _________, ________, _________, ______, and _________ tastes are combined in all meals.

Protestants, Buddhists, Shintoists, extended families, political, social

Many Hawaiians are _________________, ________________, or _________________; throughout the regions, _______________ _______________ were the foundation of society; all members were obligated to support the extended family, resulting in substantial redistribution of resources; trips back to the islands for _______________ and ___________ events are common.

spirits, ghosts, Roman Catholic, Muslim, Buddhism, Christianity, animism, shamanism, ancestor worship

Many believe in __________ and __________, especially of ancestors; in the Philippines the population is mainly _________ _____________ with a ___________ minority; ______________ is prevalent in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos; the Hmong population is divided between ____________________ and any practice of ______________, ____________________ and _____________ ____________.

um, yang, 50

Many follow the _____ and _________ food classification system, believed to adhere to categorizations similar to other Asians; ginseng was used by more than _______ percent of Korean Americans in one study.

dinner, dinner, overconsumption, inadequate

Meals have become more irregular in America; if available, traditional Indian food is preferred for __________; Pakistanis in America consume at least one traditional meal a day, usually ___________; after moving to America, _____________________________ is more of a problem than ____________________ diet.

1.2 million, professional, management, Mormon

More than _______ ____________ U.S. citizens were self-identified as Native Hawaiians in the 2010 U.S. census estimate; over one-quarter of Guamanians work in _________________ or _____________________ positions; many Tongans living in the U.S. are ______________ and have been aided in their immigration by their church.

church, spirituality, ancestor worship, nature, heavenly bodies, ancestor worship

Most Americans of Chinese descent are not affiliated with a specific ___________; ___________________ is integrated into family and community life; traditionally, the ancient faith of China was probably a mixture of _____________ __________ and respect for the forces of __________ and the _____________ _________; ____________ __________ is a prominent Chinese practice.

cooked, raw, stir-frying, steamed, roasted

Most Chinese food is ___________, and very little _______ food, except fruit, is eaten; in ________-___________, bite-size pieces are quickly cooked in a wok; food can also be ____________ in the wok; _____________ food is usually bought from commercial shops, not prepared in the home.

botanicals, kava, awa, good diet, to'ala

Numerous _________________ are used by native Hawaiians as cures; the pepper plant is used to make _________ or ________; Samoans believe a ________ ________ is essential to good health; eating the wrong foods can result in the dislocation of the ____________.

length of stay, fat, dairy, complex carbohydrates, sodium, lactose intolerance, bean curd, soymilk, soups, condiments

Nutritional status varies with _________ _____ _______ in America; the traditional Chinese diet is low in ______ and ________ products and high in __________ _____________________ and __________; some Chinese Americans continue to avoid fresh dairy products because of ___________ ___________________; alternative calcium sources are ________ _________, _______________ (if fortified with calcium), and _________ or __________________ made with vinegar in which bones have been partially dissolved.

food energy, protein, population, carbohydrates, digestible energy, net protein

On the basis of mean grain yield, rice crops produce more _________ ____________ and ____________ supply per acre than wheat and maize; there is a close relationship in human history between expansion in rice cultivation and a rise in __________________; brown rice ranks higher than wheat in available _________________________, __________________ ____________ and _______ ____________ utilization.

Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, Syrian, Goan Christianity, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Animism

Other religions existing in India are ______________, _____________, ____________, ___________ and ________ ___________________, ______________________, ___________, and _____________.

1.3 million, 1980, California

Over ______ ___________ Koreans live in the U.S.; more than half have arrived since _________; most Koreans have settled in ____________________.

imported, taro root, cassava, total fat, coconut cream, poi

Pacific Islanders are reliant upon _______________ foods; traditional starches, such as ________ ________ and _____________, are reserved for special occasion feasts; western Samoans eat a diet high in __________ ________, partly due to a reliance on ________________ __________; few Hawaiians still eat _______ once or twice a day.

interdependent, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, politeness, judgmental, accusatory

Pacific Islanders view the role of the individual as __________________________ with the group and may not take responsibility for personal health; compliance rates are low for the treatment of _______________________ and ______________ _______________; Samoans expect exceptional ____________________ in interactions; ______________________ or ___________________ attitudes regarding lifestyle may cause Pacific Islanders to avoid further counseling.

cinnamon, cloves, cardamom, wheat, flatbreads, chickpeas, lentils, yogurt

Pakistani cuisine uses the same spices as in India but with the addition of the more typically Arab flavors of __________________, _________, and ____________________; __________ is the staple grain, and ___________________, similar to those in northern India, accompany every meal; legumes, especially ___________________ and ____________, are served daily, usually as one of several side dishes; ____________ is used to prepare vegetable raytas, lassi, and paneer.

Hinduism, Muslim, Sikh, Orthodox Jains, meats

Religious food variations include _______________, ___________, and _________ as well as _________________ _________ who eat only "innocent" foods to avoid injuring any life and are strict vegetarians; the other religious groups have slight variations on ingredients, mainly variations in _________ that are cooked and eaten.

carbohydrates, protein, essential amino acids, fat, B vitamins, iron, processing, enrichment

Rice is high in __________________________, and relatively low in ___________, it's missing ______________ _________ _________ and contains only a very small amount of _______; it contains some ____ ______________ and a small amount of ________; many of the nutrients in brown rice are removed with _______________, in the U.S. these nutrients are added back in a process called _______________________.

grass, Oryza, 2, 20, Asian, West Africa

Rice is the seed of a member of the _________ family and it belongs to the genus ____________; this genus includes ____ cultivated species and over _______ wild species; of the two cultivated species, African rice and Asian rice, only _________ rice is produced commercially around the world; the cultivation of African rice is confined to _______ ____________.

South Carolina, 1600s

Some of the oldest rice plantations in the U.S. are in _________ _______________, some of these plantations dating back to the ___________.

Sichuan-Hunan, Yunnan, Cantonese

Southern China is divided into three culinary areas: ______________-__________, ___________, and __________________.

Five Cornerstones, balance, harmony, social reciprocity, family name, social position

The "________ ____________________" of Confucianism define many of the values still common in Chinese society; the concepts of ____________, ____________, and __________ __________________ are key precepts, as are preserving the __________ ________ and __________ _______________.

4.5 million, 230,000

The 2013 U.S. census reports that more than _______ ___________ Chinese are living in the U.S.; as of 2010, _______________ immigrants from Taiwan live in the U.S.

physical, emotional, strengthen, yin, yang, rice, noodles, pu

The Chinese believe that a good diet is critical for ____________ and _____________ harmony and necessary to _____________ the body against disease; health is generally maintained by eating the proper balance of _______ and ________ foods; staples, such as boiled _______ and _____________, are typically placed in a third, neutral category; in addition to yin and yang, _____ foods are believed to be "strengthening."

lunar, New Year's, Ch'ing Ming, Duan wu, Moon Festival

The Chinese calendar is ________; the most important festival is ______ _________; other festivals include _________ ________ (the chief spring festival), _______ _____ (the Dragon Boat Festival), and the ________ ______________.

snack, dessert, unripe, salted, soup, tea, green, black, oolong, grains, fruit

The Chinese eat fresh fruit infrequently, occasionally for a _________ or for ____________, and it is preferred slightly _____________ or even ___________; hot ________ or ______ is the beverage that usually accompanies a meal; there are three general types of tea: _________, _________, and ____________; Chinese alcoholic drinks are often called wines though they are typically distilled alcohols made from _________ or from _________, such as plums.

agriculture, arts, philosophy

The Chinese have made numerous significant contributions to _________________, the _______, and _________________.

fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, lactose intolerance

The Filipino American diet is higher in ______, ______________ _______, and __________________ than most Asian diets; the calcium intake of mainland Southeast Asians may be limited due to ____________ _____________________.

3.6 million, 1.9 million

The Filipino American population has more than doubled since 1980, and in 2013 it was estimated at over ______ ____________; the total Vietnamese population is more than _______ ____________ as of 2013.

structured, friends, neighbors, workers, nuclear, single women, youngest, largest

The Filipino family is highly ________________; kinship is extended to ___________, _________________, and fellow ____________ through the system of compadrazgo; the Vietnamese have ____________ families with close relatives living nearby; in Cambodian families, __________ __________ may often be the head of the household; Hmong American families are among the ______________ and ______________ in the U.S.

Peking duck, mu shu pork, sweet-and-sour freshwater fish, Mongolian hot pot, preserved, millet, sorghum, soybeans

The Shandong area (Beijing) is known for __________ _______ and ____ ______ _______; Honan is known for its ________-______-_______ __________________ ________; ________________ _______ _______ features sliced meats and vegetables cooked at the table in a pot of broth simmering over a charcoal brazier; traditionally, foods were often ________________, resulting in a preference for salty flavors; staples are __________, _____________, and _________________.

taro, breadfruit, cassava, yams, seafood, seaweed, pork, chicken, imu, leaves, dirt

The ________ plant supplies starch in addition to ____________________, ____________, and ________; _______________ and ________________ are commonly eaten; ________ and _____________ are good protein sources; traditionally meats were cooked in an _______, a pit oven lined with rocks and hot coals; foods were layered with ___________ and covered with ________ to cook.

family, physical, home, shamans, religious affiliation

The _________ is responsible for all members and is usually involved in health care decisions; some may expect _____________ treatment from the provider; in the U.S., clients often use _________ remedies and consult _____________ while seeking biomedical health care; _____________ _________________ varies and may have significant impact on health and nutritional care.

Pacific Islanders, Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia

The ____________ ______________ are the peoples inhabiting some of the 10,000 islands of Oceania; ______________, ____________________, and ___________________ are the three areas that make up the Pacific regions.

coral, volcanic, racially, culturally, European, American, Japanese

The area consists of small, tropical _________ or ______________ islands; the people of the Pacific Islands are _____________ and _________________ diverse populations; ________________, _____________, and ________________ influences have been extensive.

yin, yang, fan, cai, grains, meats, vegetables, fan, cai

The composition of a meal is governed by specific rules -- a balance between ______ and _________ foods, the proper amounts of ______ and ______; fan includes all foods made from _________; cai includes cooked ________ and ___________________; a meal is not complete unless it contains ______, but it does not have to contain ______.

Chinese, Spanish, French, Asian, European

The countries of Southeast Asia have developed under hundreds of years of ____________ domination; ___________ expansionism in the Philippines and ___________ occupation in Vietnam were also significant; in contrast, _________ and _______________ contact in the Pacific Islands was limited until the 18th century, and subsequent foreign influence almost completely overwhelmed the traditional indigenous society.

congee, steamed bread, crullers, soup, rice, wheat, vegetables, fish, meat

The daily patterns of meals and meal cycles customarily included eating three meals per day and numerous snacks; breakfast often includes the hot rice or millet porridge, ___________; in northern China, hot ____________ ________ or deep-fried ____________ are served for breakfast; in urban areas, lunch is a smaller version of dinner, including ________, a _______ or __________ dish, ___________________, and ________ or ________.

holy days, 30

The definition of vegetarianism in India is elusive as the practice exists to different degrees; some people are only vegetarians for certain occasions, such as on ________ ________; overall, it is believed that _______ percent of Indians are strict vegetarians, abstaining from all meat, poultry, fish, and eggs but consuming milk, yogurt, and other dairy products.

barley, buckwheat, yak, mutton, pork, poultry, fish

The foundation of the Tibetan diet is zampa, toasted flour produced from __________ or __________________; _______ and ____________ are common, but most Tibetans who are Buddhist do not eat ________, ____________, or ________.

1970s, 1980s, wars, political unrest

The immigration patterns of the Vietnamese have been related to the war in Vietnam, with increasing numbers coming to America in the __________ and __________; ________ and _______________ ___________ in Cambodia and Laos have increased immigration to the U.S.

religion, ideology, 85, Hindu Society of India, nine

The influence of ____________ and Hindu ______________ is found throughout Indian culture; nearly _______% of Indians are Hindus; in America, the __________ ____________ _____ _________ established community organizations to serve the religious needs of the group; one in ________ Asian Indians is Muslim, mostly living in the north of India.

meat, rice, seasonings, nuts, raisins, yogurt, cream

The influences of the Moghul period (featuring lavish ________ and ________ dishes flavored with expensive aromatic __________________, ________, dried fruits such as ____________, and ____________ or __________) are still found in the cooking of northern India, where Muslim influence was most prominent.

steamed, fried rice, Persian, Afghani, meats, elaborate, rich, deep-fried

The menus of the south feature numerous ____________ and ________ _______ dishes; Pakistani foods are similar to aromatic northern Indian fare, with ___________ and ____________ influences, and an emphasis on _________; in the Punjab, dishes are ________________ and ________; Tandoori fare is popular -- its foods are _________-__________ in a traditional karahi pot.

calories, 90, nutrient deficiencies

The nutritional value of rice becomes problematic when rice is the primary source of _____________ since it is lacking in many essential nutrients; in some cases, it makes up _______% or higher of food intake and calories for some of the poorest people in the world; this often results in _____________ ______________________ for essential nutrients.

formal, unrushed, time, origins, symptoms, simple, positive

The preferred communication style is _________ and includes ____________ dialogue (focusing on _______ is considered offensive), detailed explanation of the __________ and ____________ of any condition in understandable terms, __________ treatment, and a ___________ outlook.

nature, one's self

The tea ceremony (kasiseki) and the accompanying food remain a cultural ideal that reflects the search for harmony with ___________ and within _________ _________.

Ayurvedic, fire, water, wind, balance, humors, summer, winter, quiet, warm water, short wait

The therapeutic use of food by Asian Indians is _________________ medicine; the body is a microcosm of the universe and each body part and system relates to the fundamental principles of the universe: ________, __________, and _________; health is maintained when all are in _______________; foods are classified according to which __________ they enhance or inhibit; a hot-cold system also followed -- foods are classified based on how they affect the body; some Pakistanis apply the hot-cold system by avoiding hot foods in the ___________ and cold foods in the ___________; the way foods are eaten (a _________ atmosphere, the sipping of ________ __________ throughout, a ________ ________ after dining) is as important as which foods are consumed.

by itself, garlic, olive oil, lard, sour-cool-salty, buffet, roasted pig, lunar New Year

The three principles of Filipino cooking are: no food should be cooked ______ ___________, food should be fried with __________ in _________ _______ or _________, and foods should have a ________-________-__________ taste; in the Philippines, on religious occasions, usually Catholic holidays, meals are served __________ style, with a ___________ _______ as the centerpiece; Vietnamese and other mainland Southeast Asians celebrate the _________ _______ _________.

nod, bow, palms, touched, alabaster figurine, formal, polite, explanations, jokes, comments

The traditional Chinese greeting is a _______ or a slight ______ from the waist while holding _________ together near the chest; traditionally, male health care providers never ____________ Chinese women; symptoms would be discussed by pointing to an ______________ _____________; if a male must do an examination, a __________, __________ attitude, _________________ of all procedures, and avoidance of tension-relieving ________ or ______________ will help the client feel more at ease.

caste, Hindu, four, thousands

The traditional Indian _________ system influences the social structure of many Asian Indian groups, and according to _________ custom, orders an individual's role in society; the ________ caste categories are passed down through ancestry; in addition, there are _________________ of sub-castes.

carbohydrates, fat, cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, calcium, osteoporosis, salt

The traditional Japanese diet is high in _______________________ and low in _______ and ___________________; changes in diet have been implicated in the higher rates of ________ ____ ________________ found among Japanese American men; Japanese American elders may have a low intake of _____________ and higher rates of _________________________ because of limited consumption of dairy products; the traditional Japanese diet tends to be high in ________; rates of conditions sometimes linked to high-sodium diets are extremely high in Japan, but have not been dropped as the Japanese adopt western fare.

chopsticks, porcelain spoon, cai, mouth, rest, feast

The traditional eating utensils are __________________ and a ______________ _________ used for soup; at a meal, all diners should take equal amounts of the ______ dishes; rice or noodles in the bowl should be raised to the __________; traditionally, the Chinese week did not include a day of ________; consequently, there were numerous _________ to break up the continuous workdays.

Chinese, hot-cold, merit, God's will, shaman, soul caller, clergy, prayer, botanical

The traditional view of health and health maintenance includes elements of ___________ traditional therapy, Mexican ______-_______ theory (Philippines) and religious precepts regarding rewards for making _________ and following _________ ________; Hmong rely on religious ritual to intervene on behalf of an ill person, often using a ___________ or ________ __________, excepting Christian Hmong who rely on __________ and ____________; many Filipinos and mainland Southeast Asians use _________________ treatments.

yin, yang

Therapeutically, the use of ______ and ________ is not as prevalent among the Japanese as it is among the Chinese.

15, 300, 700

There are currently ______ separate languages recognized by the Indian government; nearly _________ languages are spoken in India, and there are about _________ dialects.

dairy, rice, congee, wheat, noodles, dumplings, pancakes, steamed bread, soybeans, soy sauce, soymilk, bean curd, tofu, sauces

There are few ________ products in the diet; _______ is the core grain in southern China; ____________, rice porridge, is an important daily food; _________, though common throughout, is used more often in the north than in the south; wheat is used in ___________, _____________, ______________, and ___________ _________; in China, ______________ are known as the "poor man's cow"; soy is used for _______ __________, ______________, _________ ________, or _______, and in ____________.

323,000, 261,000, Hmong

There are over ________________ Americans of Cambodian descent and about ________________ non-tribal Laotians; the ____________ is a tribal group from the Cambodian Laotian area.

heart disease, cardiovascular disorders, stroke, cancer

There is low risk for ________ ____________ in China, and low rates of ______________________ _______________ have been found among Chinese Americans; ________ risk is high and __________ is now the leading cause of death in Chinese Americans.

cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance syndrome, malnutrition, overconsumption, biomedicine

Those immigrants who live in urban areas have higher risks for _________________________ _____________ and ________ _____ ______________ _____________; ________________ ______________ or ____________ __________________ ______________ was first identified in Asian Indians, although it occurs in all ethnic groups; _______________________ has been noted in areas of Pakistan; in America, ___________________________ is a concern for Pakistani children and adults; Asian Indians and Pakistani Americans are very familiar with ________________________.

breakfast, light, soup, rice, lunch, supper, rice, kimchi, chopsticks, soup spoons, elders, children

Three small meals daily are typical with frequent snacking; traditionally, __________________ was the main meal, but today it is more likely to be something __________; ________ is usually served, along with ________; __________ is typically noodles with broth, garnished with shellfish, meat, or vegetables; __________ is similar to breakfast, with added steamed rice; ________ is the main dish of each meal; ____________ is always offered; ____________________ and ________ __________ are the only eating utensils; ___________ are served first, _______________ last.

140,000, nutrient, fiber, long grain white, short grain, arborio

Today there are over ______________ varieties of rice; in the U.S., only a few varieties are cultivated and consumed, but globally, there are thousands of varieties that are grown and consumed; many of us who are nutritionally conscious may choose brown rice for the ___________ and _________ content; ________ _________ _________, _________ __________, and _______________ rice varieties are also popular in the U.S.

seasoned, lime, lemon juice, coconut milk, cream, salt, luau

Traditional Pacific Islander fare was not highly _______________; the flavors of ________ or __________ _________, ________________ ________ or __________, and _________ predominate; on special occasions Hawaiians celebrate with a _________.

oyatsu, rice, leftovers, oyakodon, rice, soup, tsukemono, individual, chopsticks, rice bowl

Traditionally, the Japanese eat three meals a day, plus a snack called ______________; lunch is simple and often consists only of _______ topped with _______________; one such dish is called ___________________, a mixture of boiled chicken and scrambled eggs on a bed of rice; dinner typically includes ________, ________, or ______________________ and three dishes; all dishes are presented at the same time in _________________ portions; the Japanese, like the Chinese, eat with _________________; the ______ ________ is not held as closely to the mouth in Japan as in China.

rice product, grains, cereals, nutrients, nutrients, processed

Ultra rice is a _______ _____________; a variety of _________ and _____________ and _____________ are processed in machines to produce a product that looks and cooks and tastes like rice; it's much higher in ______________ than rice, but it is a __________________ food product.

300,000, 38,500, Samoans, Guamanians, Tongans

When the Europeans first arrived in Hawaii, there were about ______________ native Hawaiians; by 1910, only ______________ persons of Hawaiian ancestry were living in the islands; many _______________ and ____________________ live in Hawaii and on the West Coast; _____________ usually immigrate directly to the U.S. mainland rather than settling first in Hawaii.

dairy, stir-fried, seafood, vegetable oil, dim sum, rice, soybeans, mushrooms, fish, poultry, eggs, pork

Yunnan cooking is distinctive in its use of ________ products; Cantonese cooking is probably the most familiar to Americans (______-________ dishes with _____________, the use of ________________ ______ instead of lard, and ______ ______); staple foods of the south are _______ and ________________; southern Chinese use _________________ of many types; ________, both fresh and saltwater, is popular; ___________, _______, and _______ are preferable.

New Year's, 10, 20, Obon

______ ________ is the most important and largest celebration in Japan; its' foods consist of _____ to ______ meticulously prepared dishes served in a special set of nesting boxes; the Buddhist temples usually hold an ________ festival in July to honor the dead.

New Year's, Shampoo Day, Thanksgiving

_______ __________ is an important celebration, as is ________________ _______, and ______________________ (Chusok), the fall harvest festival.

rice, kimchi, cook, milk, dairy products, breakfast, lunch, dinner

_______ is eaten with at least one meal each day; most eat ____________ daily; Koreans in America are more likely to continue eating traditionally if a ________ familiar with Korean fare prepares the food; ________ and _________ _____________ are not consumed in Korea, but often are well accepted in the U.S.; three meals a day remain common and American foods are used for __________________ and __________; traditional Korean dishes are favored for ___________.

Hindu festivals, fasting, Ramadan, Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Azha

__________ _______________ dominate the calendar; ____________ is done for many religious and personal events; in India, fasting means a variety of levels of food restraint -- ranging from restricting a single food item to complete abstinence from all food; in Pakistan, Muslims fast during ______________ and celebrate the feast days of ______ ____-_______ and ______ ____-_________.

family, social relations, patriarchal, thrice obeying, harmony, strict, honor

__________ and __________ _____________ are the basis of Confucian teachings and are still important; Chinese American families are usually _________________; women are taught to live by the formula of "___________ ____________"; ____________ in the family is the ideal; Chinese parents may be very _________, and children are commanded to _________ the family.

dinner, breakfast, lunch, snacks, rice, soybean, vegetables, fruit, milk, New Year's, Moon Festival

__________ remains the most traditionally Chinese meal, whereas ________________, __________, and __________ tend to become more Americanized; traditional Chinese foods such as _______, _____________ products, cooked ________________, and ________ are regularly eaten; in America, many Chinese consume ________; Americans of Chinese descent usually celebrate the major Chinese holidays of _______ __________ and the ________ _____________ with traditional foods.

ginseng, like cures like, pregnancy

___________ is the best-known health-promoting Chinese food -- it is made from an herb; the concept "_______ ________ ________" (sympathy healing) is seen in many food cures for specific illnesses; some food taboos have been noted during __________________.

religion, medicine, lokahi, good diet, cleanliness, interpersonal relationships

____________ and ______________ were closely linked in the Pacific Island culture, and the loss of many traditional health beliefs and practices occurred with the adoption of nonnative faiths; Native Hawaiians believe in ____________, a harmony among individuals, nature, and the gods; Samoans believe that health is maintained through a ________ ________, ______________________, and harmony in ________________________ _____________________.

Buddhism, Protestant, Catholic

_____________ blended with traditional Chinese beliefs and resulted in a unique Chinese form; in America, many Chinese joined the __________________ and ______________ churches in the Chinatown neighborhoods.

sojourners, wives, new immigrant, acculturated suburban

______________ arrived here in the early 1900s intending to go back to China, but were unable to return; another group of them successfully brought their _________ to the U.S.; a third category are the households established by _______ ______________ families, usually settling with other Asian families, and often with one member establishing residency while other family members wait to follow; another category is made up of _____________________ ________________ families, some of who have lived in the U.S. for several generations and some of who are newly arrived, white-collar professionals.

glutinous, sticky, banana leaf, mochi

_________________ rice is called that because the rice grains tend to stick together like glue when cooked; in some places, this is called ___________ rice; in the Philippines, it is used to make a sweet rice dish wrapped in ____________ ________ and in Japan, it is used to make __________, a sweet rice cake.

nutritional deficiencies, calorie, obesity, cultural tolerance, aesthetic, type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hypertension, saturated fat

__________________ __________________ are rare; high ____________ intake generally guarantees nutritional sufficiency; ___________ rates among Pacific Islanders are some of the highest in the world, regardless of provenance; there is a high _____________ _______________ for obesity and a traditional ___________________ preference for it; Pacific Islanders have a high prevalence of _________ _____ ______________ ______________, _________ ______________, and ________________________; both the traditional diet and the diet eaten in the U.S. are high in __________________ ________.