Module #6 Respiratory System
Place in descending order hemoglobin's affinity for these gasses (highest affinity first): nitrogen oxygen carbon monoxide carbon dioxide
3, 2, 4, 1
Concerning oxygen hemoglobin saturation, choose all correct statements.
Low hemoglobin O2 saturation equals higher CO2 saturation Higher blood CO2 means more O2 is required by tissues If O2 pressure is low, hemoglobin saturation is low The lower the temperature, the higher the hemoglobin O2 saturation If O2 pressure is high, hemoglobin saturation is high The lower the pH, the lower the hemoglobin O2 saturation
In pulmonary gas exchange, _____________ is ___________ in ___________ than _____________.
PO2; higher; inspired air; blood
The reason for pulmonary ventilation (bulk flow) through the Conducting Zone is alveolar ventilation (diffusion) through the Respiratory Zone.
True
the diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood is termed _____________.
alveolar ventilation
Respiration is suspended during ______________.
apnea
Which of the following is not a function of the paranasal sinuses?
assists audition
Which of the following has the greatest effect on the respiratory centers?
carbon dioxide
The "speedo shaped" cartilaginous structure between the trachea and primary bronchi is known as the _______________,
carina
Pulmonary ventilation is to the ___________, as alveolar ventilation is to the ____________.
conducting zone; respiratory zone
The two main functional zones of the respiratory tract are the ___________ and the __________.
conducting zone; respiratory zone
The surface of the nasal cavity functions to do all the following, except ____________ the air.
cool
Which structure completely surrounds the larynx?
cricoid cartilage
As tissue oxygen levels __________, the hemoglobin saturation level ____________
decrease -- decreases
Type I alveolar cells are responsible for _______________.
diffusion of gasses
A smoker can expect to have the alveolar wall break down decreasing respiratory surface area known as ______________.
emphysema
As a rule of thumb the ____________ thoracic muscles are involved in inspiration.
external
Select the appropriate muscles of inspiration.
external intercostals pectoralis minor scalenes diaphragm sternocleidomastoid
The combination of pulmonary and alveolar ventilation is termed ____________.
external respiration
The tracheal submucosa contains all the following, except _____________.
goblet cells
The collapse or overexpansion of the tracheal walls is prevented by ______________.
hyaline cartilage
Tissues starved of oxygen is termed __________.
hypoxia
As tissue oxygen levels _____________, the hemoglobin saturation level ____________.
increase -- increases
Which of the nasal conchae are separate individual bones?
inferior
Concerning pulmonary ventilation, during expiration, the __________ pressure is __________ than the __________ pressure.
inside; higher, outside
As a rule of thumb, the ___________ thoracic muscles are involved in expiration.
internal
The vocal cords are located in the _____________.
larynx
What surrounds and protects the glottis?
larynx
The lower respiratory tract begins at the __________ and ends at the __________.
larynx; lungs
All the following are layers of the trachea, except the ____________.
lumen
The primary bronchi enter the ______, while the secondary bronchi enter the _______.
lungs -- lobes
All the following are bones with paranasal sinuses, except ____________.
nasal
The most normal beginning of pulmonary ventilation is the ________________.
nose
The upper respiratory tract begins at the __________ and ends at the ____________.
nose; pharynx
The soft palate separates the nasopharynx from the ___________.
oropharynx
Concerning pulmonary ventilation, during inspiration, the ___________pressure is __________ than the ____________ pressure.
outside; higher; inside
Which of the following would not be expected to change hemoglobin saturation?
oxygen content
The area shared by the digestive and the respiratory system is the __________.
pharynx
An inflammation of the membrane surrounding the lungs is known as _____________.
pleurisy
Alveolar ventilation begins here:
respiratory bronchioles
All the following are terms for emesis, except ______________
scarfing
For quick diffusion purposes, both the alveolar and adjacent capillaries are composed of ______________.
simple squamous epithelium
Pulmonary ventilation ends here:
terminal bronchioles
Of the 9 cartilages of the larynx the ____________ cartilage is the largest.
thyroid
The " Adam's apple" is a prominent ridge on the anterior of the ____________.
thyroid cartilage
In quite breathing which involves __________ volume, inspiration is ______________ and expiration is ______________.
tidal -- active -- passive
What branches within the mediastinum, giving rise to the right and left primary bronchi?
trachea
The conducting zone of the respiratory tree begins at the __________ and ends at the ____________.
trachea; bronchioles
Another name for the conchae are _____________.
turbinates
Which of the alveolar cells are responsible for the production of surfactant?
type II cells
The two structural areas of the respiratory tract are the _________ and the ___________.
upper respiratory tract; lower respiratory tract
According to Boyle's law _________________.
volume and pressure are inversely proportional in a closed system
___________ airways allow ____________ resistance allowing __________ airflow.
wider; decreased; faster