Module #6 Respiratory System

Place in descending order hemoglobin's affinity for these gasses (highest affinity first): nitrogen oxygen carbon monoxide carbon dioxide

3, 2, 4, 1

Concerning oxygen hemoglobin saturation, choose all correct statements.

Low hemoglobin O2 saturation equals higher CO2 saturation Higher blood CO2 means more O2 is required by tissues If O2 pressure is low, hemoglobin saturation is low The lower the temperature, the higher the hemoglobin O2 saturation If O2 pressure is high, hemoglobin saturation is high The lower the pH, the lower the hemoglobin O2 saturation

In pulmonary gas exchange, _____________ is ___________ in ___________ than _____________.

PO2; higher; inspired air; blood

The reason for pulmonary ventilation (bulk flow) through the Conducting Zone is alveolar ventilation (diffusion) through the Respiratory Zone. ​

True

the diffusion of gases between the alveoli and the circulating blood is termed _____________.

alveolar ventilation

Respiration is suspended during ______________.

apnea

Which of the following is not a function of the paranasal sinuses?

assists audition

Which of the following has the greatest effect on the respiratory centers?

carbon dioxide

The "speedo shaped" cartilaginous structure between the trachea and primary bronchi is known as the _______________,

carina

Pulmonary ventilation is to the ___________, as alveolar ventilation is to the ____________.

conducting zone; respiratory zone

The two main functional zones of the respiratory tract are the ___________ and the __________.

conducting zone; respiratory zone

The surface of the nasal cavity functions to do all the following, except ____________ the air.

cool

Which structure completely surrounds the larynx?

cricoid cartilage

As tissue oxygen levels __________, the hemoglobin saturation level ____________

decrease -- decreases

Type I alveolar cells are responsible for _______________.

diffusion of gasses

A smoker can expect to have the alveolar wall break down decreasing respiratory surface area known as ______________.

emphysema

As a rule of thumb the ____________ thoracic muscles are involved in inspiration.

external

Select the appropriate muscles of inspiration.

external intercostals pectoralis minor scalenes diaphragm sternocleidomastoid

The combination of pulmonary and alveolar ventilation is termed ____________.

external respiration

The tracheal submucosa contains all the following, except _____________.

goblet cells

The collapse or overexpansion of the tracheal walls is prevented by ______________.

hyaline cartilage

Tissues starved of oxygen is termed __________.

hypoxia

As tissue oxygen levels _____________, the hemoglobin saturation level ____________.

increase -- increases

Which of the nasal conchae are separate individual bones?

inferior

Concerning pulmonary ventilation, during expiration, the __________ pressure is __________ than the __________ pressure.

inside; higher, outside

As a rule of thumb, the ___________ thoracic muscles are involved in expiration.

internal

The vocal cords are located in the _____________.

larynx

What surrounds and protects the glottis?

larynx

The lower respiratory tract begins at the __________ and ends at the __________.

larynx; lungs

All the following are layers of the trachea, except the ____________.

lumen

The primary bronchi enter the ______, while the secondary bronchi enter the _______.

lungs -- lobes

All the following are bones with paranasal sinuses, except ____________.

nasal

The most normal beginning of pulmonary ventilation is the ________________.

nose

The upper respiratory tract begins at the __________ and ends at the ____________.

nose; pharynx

The soft palate separates the nasopharynx from the ___________.

oropharynx

Concerning pulmonary ventilation, during inspiration, the ___________pressure is __________ than the ____________ pressure.

outside; higher; inside

Which of the following would not be expected to change hemoglobin saturation?

oxygen content

The area shared by the digestive and the respiratory system is the __________.

pharynx

An inflammation of the membrane surrounding the lungs is known as _____________.

pleurisy

Alveolar ventilation begins here:

respiratory bronchioles

All the following are terms for emesis, except ______________

scarfing

For quick diffusion purposes, both the alveolar and adjacent capillaries are composed of ______________.

simple squamous epithelium

Pulmonary ventilation ends here:

terminal bronchioles

Of the 9 cartilages of the larynx the ____________ cartilage is the largest.

thyroid

The " Adam's apple" is a prominent ridge on the anterior of the ____________.

thyroid cartilage

In quite breathing which involves __________ volume, inspiration is ______________ and expiration is ______________.

tidal -- active -- passive

What branches within the mediastinum, giving rise to the right and left primary bronchi?

trachea

The conducting zone of the respiratory tree begins at the __________ and ends at the ____________.

trachea; bronchioles

Another name for the conchae are _____________.

turbinates

Which of the alveolar cells are responsible for the production of surfactant?

type II cells

The two structural areas of the respiratory tract are the _________ and the ___________.

upper respiratory tract; lower respiratory tract

According to Boyle's law _________________.

volume and pressure are inversely proportional in a closed system

___________ airways allow ____________ resistance allowing __________ airflow.

wider; decreased; faster