module 8 worksheet
Which of the following features of the alveolar sacs allows for the ease of diffusion of gasses?
They are made of a single layer of simple squamous epithelium.
Joe is playing in an intramural football game when he is tackled so hard that he breaks a rib. He can actually feel a piece of the rib sticking through the skin, and he is having a difficult time breathing. Joe probably is suffering from
a pneumothorax.
cessation of breathing
apnea
increased airway resistance
asthma
Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as
bicarbonate ions.
In the lungs, the
blood flow rate is higher and the blood pressure is lower, respectively, than the blood flow rate and the blood pressure in other tissues.
Ventilation is also known as
breathing.
Histamine's primary role in the respiratory system is as a
bronchoconstrictor
The ease with which the lungs stretch in response to changes in pressure is termed ________.
compliance
increased PCO2
decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
increased temperature
decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
increased 2,3-DPG
decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
Inhalation: thoracic volume INCREASES
diaphragm contracts & flattens external intercostal & scalenes
Exhalation: thoracic volume DECREASES
diaphragm relaxes internal intercostal & abdominal muscles
The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is
diffusion.
difficulty breathing
dyspnea
The ability of a lung to recoil, or recover from stretch, is called ________
elastance
In the disease ________, many symptoms are due to destruction of elastic fibers in the lung.
emphysema
decreased surface area for gas exchange
emphysema
destruction of alveoli
emphysema
the extra amount actively (forcibly) exhaled after a normal exhalation
expiratory reserve volume
thickened alveolar membrane and decreased lung compliance
fibrotic lung disease
High carbon dioxide concentration in body fluids is called
hypercapnia.
increased respiratory rate and/or volume due to increased metabolism
hyperpnea
An increase in the rate and depth of breathing is known as ________
hyperventilation
increased respiratory rate and/or volume without increased metabolism
hyperventilation
Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will
increase the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli.
An increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will
increase the rate of breathing.
Which of the following will occur at high altitude?
increased 2,3-DPG production in blood
Chronic hypoxia
increases 2,3-DPG production in blood and can result from anemia
increased pH
increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
the additional air inhaled after a normal inspiration
inspiratory reserve volume
The opposing layers of pleural membrane are held together by a thin film of ________
pleural fluid
the order in which air passes through the respiratory tree
primary bronchi secondary bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles alveoli
fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces
pulmonary edema
increased diffusion distance
pulmonary edema
Which is NOT considered to be a primary function of the respiratory system?
regulation of water balance
the minimum amount of air always present in the respiratory system, after blowing out all you can
residual volume
Type II alveolar cells
secrete a chemical known as surfactant
The distance between the alveolar airspace and capillary endothelium is ________, allowing gases to diffuse ________ between them.
short, rapidly
A ________ is an instrument that measures the volume of air moved with each breath
spirometer
rapid breathing
tachypnea
An increase in PCO2 would cause
the bronchioles to dilate and the systemic arterioles to dilate.
* When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,
the volume of the thorax increases.
Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and frequently has periods where he can hardly breathe. The problem is the result of
thick secretions that exceed the ability of the mucus elevator to transport them.
the amount of air taken in during a single normal inspiration
tidal volume
primary functions of the respiratory system
vocalization regulation of pH balance gas exchange protection against pathogens
hypoxia
will occur at high altitude
A typical value for intrapleural pressure is ________ mm Hg.
-3 (to -5)