module 8 worksheet

Which of the following features of the alveolar sacs allows for the ease of diffusion of gasses?

They are made of a single layer of simple squamous epithelium.

Joe is playing in an intramural football game when he is tackled so hard that he breaks a rib. He can actually feel a piece of the rib sticking through the skin, and he is having a difficult time breathing. Joe probably is suffering from

a pneumothorax.

cessation of breathing

apnea

increased airway resistance

asthma

Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is transported as

bicarbonate ions.

In the lungs, the

blood flow rate is higher and the blood pressure is lower, respectively, than the blood flow rate and the blood pressure in other tissues.

Ventilation is also known as

breathing.

Histamine's primary role in the respiratory system is as a

bronchoconstrictor

The ease with which the lungs stretch in response to changes in pressure is termed ________.

compliance

increased PCO2

decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

increased temperature

decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

increased 2,3-DPG

decreases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.

Inhalation: thoracic volume INCREASES

diaphragm contracts & flattens external intercostal & scalenes

Exhalation: thoracic volume DECREASES

diaphragm relaxes internal intercostal & abdominal muscles

The process by which dissolved gases are exchanged between the blood and interstitial fluids is

diffusion.

difficulty breathing

dyspnea

The ability of a lung to recoil, or recover from stretch, is called ________

elastance

In the disease ________, many symptoms are due to destruction of elastic fibers in the lung.

emphysema

decreased surface area for gas exchange

emphysema

destruction of alveoli

emphysema

the extra amount actively (forcibly) exhaled after a normal exhalation

expiratory reserve volume

thickened alveolar membrane and decreased lung compliance

fibrotic lung disease

High carbon dioxide concentration in body fluids is called

hypercapnia.

increased respiratory rate and/or volume due to increased metabolism

hyperpnea

An increase in the rate and depth of breathing is known as ________

hyperventilation

increased respiratory rate and/or volume without increased metabolism

hyperventilation

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will

increase the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli.

An increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood will

increase the rate of breathing.

Which of the following will occur at high altitude?

increased 2,3-DPG production in blood

Chronic hypoxia

increases 2,3-DPG production in blood and can result from anemia

increased pH

increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen

the additional air inhaled after a normal inspiration

inspiratory reserve volume

The opposing layers of pleural membrane are held together by a thin film of ________

pleural fluid

the order in which air passes through the respiratory tree

primary bronchi secondary bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles alveoli

fluid accumulation in interstitial spaces

pulmonary edema

increased diffusion distance

pulmonary edema

Which is NOT considered to be a primary function of the respiratory system?

regulation of water balance

the minimum amount of air always present in the respiratory system, after blowing out all you can

residual volume

Type II alveolar cells

secrete a chemical known as surfactant

The distance between the alveolar airspace and capillary endothelium is ________, allowing gases to diffuse ________ between them.

short, rapidly

A ________ is an instrument that measures the volume of air moved with each breath

spirometer

rapid breathing

tachypnea

An increase in PCO2 would cause

the bronchioles to dilate and the systemic arterioles to dilate.

* When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

the volume of the thorax increases.

Harry suffers from cystic fibrosis and frequently has periods where he can hardly breathe. The problem is the result of

thick secretions that exceed the ability of the mucus elevator to transport them.

the amount of air taken in during a single normal inspiration

tidal volume

primary functions of the respiratory system

vocalization regulation of pH balance gas exchange protection against pathogens

hypoxia

will occur at high altitude

A typical value for intrapleural pressure is ________ mm Hg.

-3 (to -5)