Modules 8-11

What has been the most recent attempt to overhaul the present system for filing judicial posts? The 2011 Act for Judicial Independence outlined a nonpartisan electoral system for judges, but was vetoed by the governor. In 2003, legislation calling for appointment of judges at the high court level was introduced, but it ultimately stalled. The 1974 state constitutional convention proposed a new constitution that would have made judicial elections nonpartisan. In 2001, legislation calling for gubernatorial judicial appointment was approved by the senate, but did not pass before the end of the session.

In 2003, legislation calling for appointment of judges at the high court level was introduced, but it ultimately stalled.

What would happen if cases were decided based on written law alone? Inconsistencies might emerge in the rulings issued by different judges. Judges would spend too much time worrying about precedents. There would be no point in having judges at all. The decisions would be unquestionably fair.

Inconsistencies might emerge in the rulings issued by different judges.

Persuasion works best under which of the following circumstances? Individuals have a strong ideological bias. Individuals lack interest in the subject. The content is heavily pro-liberal, regardless of the issue. Individuals lack knowledge of the subject.

Individuals lack knowledge of the subject.

The last time Congress declared war, it was on what country? Iraq Japan Afghanistan Syria

Japan

In Texas' bifurcated court system, the _________ has jurisdiction over criminal cases. Texas Civil Court and the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals Texas Civil Court Texas Supreme Court Texas Court of Criminal Appeals None of these

Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

What happens during the oral argument stage of cases heard before the Supreme Court? The attorneys for each side give their briefs to the Court for initial review. The justices ask questions not answered in the briefs. The justices discuss the case in private. The justices use the time to learn the facts of the case.

The justices ask questions not answered in the briefs.

What portion of Texans strongly or somewhat support the death penalty, according to a 2015 poll? around half about one-third about three-quarters more than eight out of ten

about three-quarters

The Supreme Court appears to be susceptible to which of the following influences (among others)? presidential orders media criticism amicus curiae briefs bribery

amicus curiae briefs

Which of the following is an example of concurrent jurisdiction? a court having the authority to hear two cases at the same time a court being able to hear cases only after they've been tried in another court first a court having the authority to hear a case first both the local police and the FBI having the authority to deal with a case

both the local police and the FBI having the authority to deal with a case

What legal system does the United States rely on? common law public law precedent law statutory law

common law

Which of the following allows Congress to check the power of the Supreme Court? judicial review constitutional amendment writs of mandamus veto overrides

constitutional amendment

Which of the following do not need to be licensed to practice law in Texas? appeals court judges constitutional county judges and justices of the peace district court judges all judges

constitutional county judges and justices of the peace

(TX) Which of the following local trial courts has appellate jurisdiction over cases appealed from other courts? county courts municipal courts justice of the peace courts statutory probate courts

county courts

What is the focus of appellate courts? constitutionality of the law public response to previous decisions court procedures new evidence

court procedures

What ushered in the era of watchdog journalism? conspiracy theories on the Kennedy assassination coverage of the Watergate break-in the creation of the Pulitzer Prize the Monica Lewinsky scandal

coverage of the Watergate break-in

According to the text, when did the Supreme Court face particular difficulty in enforcing its rulings? during the Progressive Era during the women's suffrage movement during the Great Depression during the civil rights movement

during the civil rights movement

The practice of punishing repeat offenders more harshly than first-time offenders is known as what? felony punishment three strikes and you're out enhanced punishment fair play

enhanced punishment

The decision in Marbury v. Madison did which of the following? granted a writ of mandamus for William Marbury ruled in favor of the Jefferson administration established the Court's power of judicial review ruled against the Adams administration

established the Court's power of judicial review

Yellow journalism might include which of the following? Choices minutes of Supreme Court hearings fabricated news stories in-depth election coverage rigorous fact checking

fabricated news stories

Which presidential activity is considered "symbolic"? hosting the leader of another country for dinner as head of state deploying troops to war as commander in chief recommending a national budget as national executive giving a State of the Union address as legislator

hosting the leader of another country for dinner as head of state

Which of the following statements BEST summarizes the evolution of presidential power over the course of American history? It has grown somewhat. It has stayed roughly the same. It has grown considerably. It has shrunk considerably.

it has grown considerably.

Judicial review allows the Supreme Court to do which of the following? overturn presidential vetoes strike down any law amend the Constitution develop public policy

strike down any law

The relationship between a president and his party is typically described as which of the following? parasitic intense symbiotic generally negative

symbiotic

Approximately what percentage of petitioned cases does the Supreme Court actually hear in a given year? 10-12 percent 3-5 percent 20-25 percent 0-1 percent

0-1 percent

Which year saw the most contentious Supreme Court nomination in recent history? 2003 1987 1994 2010

1987

Being convicted of the theft of a $150,000 Ferrari would result in what maximum punishment? 20 years to life in prison, and a $10,000 fine 1-10 years in prison, and a $5,000 fine 180 days to 2 years in prison, and a $1,000 fine 2-20 years in prison, and a $10,000 fine

2-20 years in prison, and a $10,000 fine

When was the most recent attempt to change the judicial selection process in Texas? 1974 2011 2003 2001

2003

What was George W. Bush's approval rating when he left office in January 2009? 37 percent 43 percent 22 percent 15 percent

22 percent

What percentage of the world's prison population is in the United States? 25 percent 5 percent 10 percent 35 percent

25 percent

How much time is allotted to each party to make their oral arguments before the Supreme Court? 75 minutes 45 minutes 30 minutes 60 minutes

30 minutes

How many justices must agree in order to grant a writ of certiorari? 5 9 11 1 4

4

After the events surrounding Judge Neil Gorsuch's confirmation, how many senators are now needed to confirm a Supreme Court nominee? 80 51 60 70

51

What is the minimum number of senators that must support a president's judicial nominee in order to ensure that he or she is confirmed? 51 67 60 56

51

Jim Crow laws were upheld by the Supreme Court for how long? 100 years 30 years 15 years 60 years

60 years

What was Bill Clinton's approval rating upon leaving office? 66 percent 38 percent 22 percent 51 percent

66 percent

How many justices are on the Texas Supreme Court? 3 6 13 9 1

9

How many municipal courts were there in Texas in 2016? 254 817 239 933

933

What is the main difference between a felony and a misdemeanor? A misdemeanor is a relatively minor, nonviolent crime, whereas a felony is deemed to pose a more serious threat to society. A felony is a relatively minor, nonviolent crime, whereas a misdemeanor is deemed to pose a more serious threat to society. A misdemeanor is identified by degree of seriousness, whereas all felonies are punishable by death. A felony is identified by degree of seriousness, whereas all misdemeanors are punishable by death.

A misdemeanor is a relatively minor, nonviolent crime, whereas a felony is deemed to pose a more serious threat to society.

What have public opinion surveys of Texans' attitudes toward crime and the state justice system shown? Violent crime was considered by respondents to be the second most important problem in the state. A plurality of respondents considered crime the single most important problem in the state. A large portion of respondents consider crime to be over-emphasized by candidates for public office. A majority of respondents do not consider sentencing in the state harsh enough.

A plurality of respondents considered crime the single most important problem in the state.

According to presidential historians, which president ranked first in terms of leadership characteristics? Franklin D. Roosevelt Ronald Reagan Dwight D. Eisenhower Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln

Why are independence and accountability considered contradictory goals with respect to judges? Independence limits accountability. Accountability limits independence. Judges grow more independent and less accountable the longer they've been on the bench. It takes independence, rather than accountability, to run a successful election campaign.

Accountability limits independence.

What is the name of the current era of the media? Commercial press Adversarial press Professional press Government press Partisan press

Adversarial press

What percentage of detainees in Texas were African American in 2012, and how did this compare to the percentage of African Americans in the general population? African Americans constituted 36 percent of detainees but 11.5 percent of the general population. African Americans constituted 48.4 percent of detainees but 23 percent of the general population. African Americans constituted 31 percent of detainees but 45.3 percent of the general population. African Americans constituted 33 percent of detainees but 37.6 percent of the general population.

African Americans constituted 36 percent of detainees but 11.5 percent of the general population.

When an ESPN anchor talks about the NFL draft on Sportscenter rather than Cricket, they are doing what? Minimal Effects Thesis Priming None of these Framing Agenda setting

Agenda Setting

A news outlet choosing to spend time covering a specific subject is an example of what? None of these Framing Agenda setting Shaping Priming

Agenda setting

What concern does the Associated Press have about news aggregators? Aggregators allow the government to censor stories in exchange for ignoring copyright violations. Aggregators report the news faster but make more mistakes in doing so. Aggregators undercut the revenue that newspapers and magazines depend on. Aggregators lure the best reporters away from newspapers and magazines by promising higher salaries.

Aggregators undercut the revenue that newspapers and magazines depend on.

Why is the Associated Press concerned about the rise of aggregators? Aggregators undercut the revenue that newspapers and magazines depend on. Aggregators report the news faster. Aggregators allow the government to censor stories. Aggregators hire better reporters.

Aggregators undercut the revenue that newspapers and magazines depend on.

Who described the Supreme Court as the weakest branch of government in Federalist 78? John Adams Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton James Madison

Alexander Hamilton

The bureaucracy refers to: Principles and agents of civilian and military bodies All of these Those who implement the policies determined by Congress and the President Hierarchical organization designed to perform specific tasks Those who work for the government but are not elected

All of these

Which of the following best characterizes contemporary US media? All of these Process-oriented Negative Cynical Empirical

All of these

Which of these is a "sub-presidency" according to Cronin? Priority setting/program design All of these Crisis management Recruitment/leadership Symbolic leadership

All of these

Which of these is a rights domain expanded by the Warren Court? Privacy rights All of these Freedom of speech Rights of the accused Voting rights

All of these

Which of the following is a counter-argument to the Minimal Effects Thesis? Agenda setting Priming None of these options Framing All of these options

All of these options

The president's veto power is derived from which of the following? the Supremacy Clause the Executive Power Clause Article I of the Constitution Article II of the Constitution

Article 1 of the Constitution

Which racial group is most overrepresented in the Texas death row inmate population? Texans of other races White Texans Latino Texans Black Texans

Black Texans

___________ drift occurs when those individuals implementing policies depart from the mandates given by the principals. Presidential Coalitional Bureaucratic Congressional Judicial

Bureaucratic

The current Supreme Court justices are primarily of which of the following religious affiliations? Protestant Jewish Catholic Muslim

Catholic

Yellow journalism is also associated with which era of the media? Professional press Adversarial press Commercial press Partisan press Conditional press

Commercial press

In which case was the concept of judicial restraint applicable to both the majority and minority opinions? Bush v. Gore D.C. v. Heller Buckley v. Valeo Marbury v. Madison

D.C. v. Heller

President Barack Obama replaced which of the following Supreme Court justices? Clarence Thomas Sandra Day O'Connor Thurgood Marshall David Souter

David Souter

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that blacks were not citizens of the United States and could not enjoy the rights of citizenship no matter where they went? Marbury v. Madison Roe v. Wade Gibbons v. Ogden McCullough v. Maryland Dred Scott v. Sandford

Dred Scott v. Sandford

What is the difference between early news aggregators and next-generation aggregators? Choices Early aggregators were driven by RSS feeds, whereas next-generation aggregators are driven by user subscriptions. Early aggregators were driven by user subscriptions, whereas next-generation aggregators use algorithms to push news to users. Early aggregators were driven by social media sites, whereas next-generation aggregators are driven by RSS feeds. Early aggregators used algorithms to push news to users, whereas next-generation aggregators are driven by user subscriptions.

Early aggregators were driven by user subscriptions, whereas next-generation aggregators use algorithms to push news to users.

Which two Supreme Court justices were appointed by President Barack Obama? Anthony Kennedy and Clarence Thomas Elena Kagan and Sonia Sotomayor John Roberts and Samuel Alito Stephen Breyer and Ruth Bader Ginsburg

Elena Kagan and Sonia Sotomayor

Where did common law originate? Massachusetts Virginia England Spain

England

What action by President Trump was limited by federal courts? the Voting Rights Act of 1965 the Equal Rights Act the War Powers Resolution Executive Order 13769

Executive Order 13769

Which of the following would represent an accurate statement regarding executive orders? Executive orders require the approval of Congress. The Supreme Court does not have the power to rule on the constitutionality of executive orders. Executive orders are derived from the presidential oath of office and the Executive Power Clause. The power to issue executive orders is expressed in the Constitution.

Executive orders are derived from the presidential oath of office and the Executive Power Clause.

According to Craig Silverman's analysis, why was fake news a problem in the final few months before the 2016 presidential election? Choices Fake news contributed to rising media costs. Fake news suppressed voter turnout. Fake news stories generated revenue that was illegally funneled to the presidential campaigns. Fake news stories were more widely consumed than real news stories on Facebook.

Fake news stories were more widely consumed than real news stories on Facebook.

Which of the following arguments is commonly used in favor of the death penalty? The death penalty is significantly cheaper than a life sentence. Fear of the death penalty will make potential criminals think twice. The threat of the death penalty can be used to stop all crime. The likelihood of a killer receiving the death penalty is very low.

Fear of the death penalty will make potential criminals think twice.

Which of the following is not a role (hat) played by Presidents? Head of State Commander in Chief Legislative leader Head of Government Federal judge

Federal judge

What happened when newspaper coverage of health care reform declined? Fewer people viewed it as the most important issue facing the country. People forgot about the issue completely. More people viewed it as the most important issue facing the country. People clamored for more stories on the issue.

Fewer people viewed it as the most important issue facing the country.

The "Two Presidencies" theory posits that presidents operate in two different realms. What are these realms?

Foreign and domestic policy

An executive agreement is made between the president and what other entity? Treasury Foreign countries Vice President Private corporations Congress

Foreign countries

According to Table 2, which of the following presidents is characterized as having a passive negative personality? Bill Clinton Woodrow Wilson Ronald Reagan George Washington

George Washington

In which of the following capacities does the chief justice wield influence over the Supreme Court's deliberations? He votes first. He can act as a tiebreaker. He can decide who will write the dissenting opinion. He speaks last in conference.

He can act as a tiebreaker.

Why is the power to appoint agency heads such a powerful tool for the president? Choose the BEST answer. It ensures the most qualified individuals are appointed to each job. It maximizes efficiency within the executive branch. It allows the president to prioritize the goals of each department. It allows the president to repay favors from the campaign.

It allows the president to prioritize the goals of each department.

Which of the following could be considered an advantage of infotainment? Choices It reduces opportunities for the media to be sued for libel. It reflects a commitment to professionalism. It highlights the complexity of modern news stories. It attracts audiences who otherwise wouldn't follow politics.

It attracts audiences who otherwise wouldn't follow politics.

The Supreme Court's powers are limited in which of the following ways? It cannot decide which federal laws are unconstitutional. It cannot overturn laws passed by Congress. It cannot enforce the decisions it makes. It cannot decide which state laws are unconstitutional.

It cannot enforce the decisions it makes.

What is one major critique of the practice of plea bargaining? It doesn't do anything to speed up what is often a long and expensive process of criminal prosecution. It means that defendants end up with harsher sentences than they would have if found guilty in a trial. It causes the justice system to fall short of guaranteeing all citizens the right to a fair and impartial trial. It doesn't meaningfully reduce the caseload for the already-overloaded criminal justice system.

It causes the justice system to fall short of guaranteeing all citizens the right to a fair and impartial trial.

The Constitution stipulates the Supreme Court shall have how many members? 11 7 5 9 It does not stipulate how many

It does not stipulate how many

What actual effect does the Texas Code of Judicial Conduct have on judicial campaigns? It generally fails to prevent judges from discussing their political ideology or opinions about cases during their campaigns. It generally causes judges to refrain from discussing their political ideology or opinions about cases during their campaigns. It generally fails to prevent judges from accepting contributions from interest groups during their campaigns. It generally causes judges to refuse to accept contributions from interest groups during their campaigns.

It generally fails to prevent judges from discussing their political ideology or opinions about cases during their campaigns.

How has presidential power changed over the course of American history? It has grown over time. It grew for a short time and then shrunk again. It has remained largely the same. It has shrunk considerably.

It has grown over time.

According to the text, how effective is the death penalty at deterring would-be murderers? It is probably ineffective, given that only a small percentage of homicides result in a death-penalty conviction. Statistics show that it is extremely effective, reducing murder rates by almost one-third. A survey of convicted criminals showed that the death penalty factored prominently in their planning of a capital crime. It has no deterrent effect whatsoever, and should be abolished due to the high numbers of innocent people put to death.

It is probably ineffective, given that only a small percentage of homicides result in a death-penalty conviction.

While there are benefits to longer term lengths for judges, which of the following represents a possible problem with longer term lengths? Judges might become corrupt from extensive exposure to politics. The governor will have to make more judicial appointments as more judges die or retire before their term is up. Judges may be swayed by campaign contributions since they will be safe from consequences at the ballot. Judges can rule based on personal bias since they are less frequently held accountable.

Judges can rule based on personal bias since they are less frequently held accountable.

What do believers in the Hamiltonian approach to government argue? Judges must have an independent base of support in order to be able to stand up to the governor or legislature when necessary. Judges must be held accountable to the people for their decisions and actions. Direct election of judges frees the judicial branch from the dangers of cronyism. Judges cannot be independent if they're worried about reelection.

Judges cannot be independent if they're worried about reelection.

Why does Texas's practice of choosing judges in partisan elections lead to questions regarding the independence and capability of many state judges? A few "bad apple" judges have completely undermined the functionality of the system. Judicial candidates often make biased claims in order to win or keep a seat on the bench, creating the potential for serious conflicts of interest. Some judges have launched illegal reelection campaigns with highly partisan advertisements. Judicial elections are far down on the ballot, below the high-information, high-engagement elections of governors, senators, and presidents.

Judicial candidates ften make biased claims in order to win or keep a seat on the bench, creating the potential for serious conflicts of interest.

Who equated cross burning with terrorism in Virginia v. Black? Justice Thomas Justice Ginsburg the majority of the Court Justice O'Connor

Justice Thomas

What impact did "muckraking" have on the political climate? Choices Created the conditions necessary for the Freedom of Information Act. Restored public faith in political institutions. Led to widespread discontent with political corruption. Led to new laws limiting professional journalism.

Led to widespread discontent with political corruption.

By what means was the Supreme Court's power first significantly increased? Article III of the Constitution the Judiciary Act of 1789 Marbury v. Madison construction of the Supreme Court building

Marbury v. Madison

The power of judicial review was a result of which Supreme Court case? Roe v. Wade Brown v. Board King v. Burwell Marbury v. Madison Plessy v. Ferguson

Marbury v. Madison

Political scientists believe what about media bias? Media bias exists, but it is not solely ideological. No media bias exists. Media bias has no effect on public opinion. A strong ideological media bias exists, and it greatly affects public opinion Little is known about media bias.

Media bias exists, but it is not solely ideological.

The theory that the media has no direct or indirect influence on decisions made by Americans is called the: Priming Effects Thesis Direct Effects Thesis Minimal Effects Thesis Maximum Effects Thesis Indirect Effects Thesis

Minimal Effects Thesis

Which of the following identifies two key elements of ethical media behavior? Report the truth and respect the government. Act independently and turn a profit. Be fair and satisfy audiences. Minimize harm and be accountable.

Minimize harm and be accountable.

What role does the media play in setting the political agenda? Choices News outlets choose which stories receive public attention. Presidents use the media to dictate public policy to state governors. Reporters tell members of Congress what legislation to pass. Revenue from politically slanted news programs is used to fund Democratic or Republican campaigns.

News outlets choose which stories receive public attention.

How did next generation aggregators differ from early news aggregators? Next generation aggregators were based around RSS feeds. Next generation aggregators used algorithms to push news to users. Next generation aggregators were subscription based. Next generation aggregators filtered "fake news."

Next generation aggregators used algorithms to push news to users.

Which of the following is true of the appeals process? The appeals process occurs in courts that have original jurisdiction over a case. No new facts or evidence may be introduced during an appeal. The appeals process can only be applied in criminal cases. Only the most important cases are allowed to go through the appeals process.

No new facts or evidence may be introduced during an appeal.

According to former president Barack Obama, what is the problem with the media ecosystem? Choices Advertisers are directing content. No one agrees on the facts. No one can afford quality journalism. Government agencies are censoring information.

No one agrees on the facts.

Do all Texas judges have to be licensed to practice law? No, county court at law and statutory probate court judges do not have to be licensed to practice law. No, constitutional county court judges and justices of the peace do not have to be licensed to practice law. Yes, all Texas judges must be licensed to practice law. No, appeals court judges do not have to be licensed to practice law.

No, constitutional county court judges and justices of the peace do not have to be licensed to practice law.

____________ is the approach where Supreme Court Justices try to interpret the Constitution how the framers would have when they wrote it. Judicial restraint Living Constitution Theory Original Intent Theory Judicial activism None of these

Original Intent Theory

President Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to do what to the Supreme Court when it struck down several New Deal initiatives? Persuade Congress to limit the Court's jurisdiction Force older members to retire None of these Arrest justices who ruled the wrong way Pack the Court with additional justices

Pack the Court with additional justices

When people's standards to evaluate political figures or problems are affected by media, we call this: Framing Priming Calculation of attitudes Scandals Persuasion

Priming

The rise of "objective" news reporting is associated with which media era? Partisan press Adversarial press None of these Professional press Commercial press

Professional press

Since 1999, how much of the state's judicial bench has been Republican? All of the justices on the court of criminal appeals and the state supreme court have been Democrats since 1999. Republicans have made up about two-thirds of the court of criminal appeals and one-third of the state supreme court. Republicans have held all nine of the seats on both the court of criminal appeals and the state supreme court. On average, half of the justices on the court of criminal appeals and the state supreme court have been Republican.

Republicans have held all nine of the seats on both the court of criminal appeals and the state supreme court.

James David Barber, a noted presidential scholar, achieved renown when he foresaw problems based on the character of which president? Bill Clinton Richard Nixon John F. Kennedy George W. Bush

Richard Nixon

Which president resigned from office largely because investigative journalists exposed wrongdoing in his administration? John Kennedy Lyndon Johnson Gerald Ford Richard Nixon

Richard Nixon

The legislature can influence the judicial nomination process through which of the following? House gerrymandering judicial restraint congressional appointment Senate confirmation

Senate confirmation

Which of the following is a check on the president's power to appoint department heads? judicial veto bureaucratic approval budgetary support Senate confirmation

Senate confirmation

Why was Justice Sotomayor's nomination significant? She is the first Buddhist to serve on the Court. She is the Court's first female civil rights activist. She is the first Hispanic to serve on the Supreme Court. She is only the second female justice in history.

She is the first Hispanic to serve on the Supreme Court.

Why might some municipalities choose not to seek the death penalty? Small municipalities do not have access to the drugs needed for lethal injections in the state of Texas. Some municipalities do not have the resources to afford the high costs associated with seeking the death penalty. Large municipalities have diverse constituencies that are less favorable to the death penalty than smaller municipalities. Some municipalities cannot legally pursue the death penalty due to an insufficient investigative infrastructure.

Some municipalities do not have the resources to afford the high costs associated with seeking the death penalty.

Why have some argued that lethal injection constitutes cruel and unusual punishment? Lethal injection is often ineffective, causing death-row inmates to have to be executed by another method afterward. Some states are obtaining lethal injection drugs from compounding pharmacies, which are not regulated by the FDA. Lethal injection is a particularly painful way to cause death. Death by lethal injection takes an exceptionally long time.

Some states are obtaining lethal injection drugs from compounding pharmacies, which are not regulated by the FDA.

Which law requires the government to hold open meetings? Sunshine Law Police-Patrol Oversight Civil Rights Law Administrative Procedures Act Freedom of Information Act

Sunshine Law

As per Cronin's 'Sub-Presidencies' theory, how would you categorize the United Nations' Address by the President? Symbolic leadership/foreign affairs Symbolic leadership/aggregate economics Priority setting/aggregate economics Priority setting/foreign affairs None of these options

Symbolic leadership/foreign affairs

What is one possible effect of partisan elections on the abilities and competence of judges in Texas as compared to other states with different systems for selecting judges? Texas judges may have less experience due to electoral turnover. Texas judges may have more experience due to voters favoring judges with stronger records. Texas judges may be more professional because the electoral system establishes some merit threshold for judges to be nominated. Texas judges may be less professional because elections favor judges who have records as politicians rather than as lawyers.

Texas judges may have less experience due to electoral turnover.

Which of the following is TRUE regarding trial by jury in Texas? Texas law allows defendants to waive the right to trial in all cases. Texas law does not allow defendants to waive the right to trial in death penalty cases. Texas law allows judges to waive the right to trial in criminal cases. Texas law allows judges to waive the right to trial in misdemeanor cases.

Texas law does not allow defendants to waive the right to trial in death penalty cases.

The relative weakness of the Supreme Court throughout much of its early history is reflected in which of the following? The Court established the "separate but equal" doctrine, which was later found unconstitutional. Members of Congress were paid much more than judges were. Far more people were willing to serve on the Supreme Court than today. The Court did not get its own building until 1935.

The Court did not get its own building until 1935.

What is the third step to filling a Supreme Court vacancy? The Senate Judiciary Committee holds hearings. The president submits his nomination to the Senate. The Senate conducts a background investigation. The Senate votes on the nomination.

The Senate Judiciary Committee holds hearings.

What bearing does the political culture of Texas have on the state's approach to criminal justice? Texans' strong favorability toward personal independence leads to a preference for vigilantism rather than government action to deal with crime. The Texas justice system shows a preference for rehabilitating convicted criminals in order to reduce recidivism and reintegrate them into society. Texans' strong preference for small government leads to most criminal statutes being only lightly enforced due to a lack of funding for the justice system. The Texas justice system shows a preference for punishing criminals harshly in order to preserve the social order and protect public safety.

The Texas justice system shows a preference for punishing criminals harshly in order to preserve the social order and protect public safety.

What is necessary for indictment to occur? The accused must be found innocent. The accusation must be found to have merit that justifies the trial. The accused must be found guilty. The accusation must be found lacking in merit that justifies the trial.

The accusation must be found to have merit that justifies the trial.

A common law system depends on the capacity of a judge to rule on very complex issues. Why is this capacity so necessary? Choose the BEST answer. Judges must deliver rulings that will be transferrable to other cases, without bias or preconception. The common law system depends on written court decisions, in which judges must be able to convey their reasoning. Judges must deliver impartial rulings, without conflict of interest. The common law system depends on subtleties between cases being recognized and given voice.

The common law system depends on written court decisions, in which judges must be able to convey their reasoning.

Which of the following is true of the Texas courts of appeals? Each justice serves four-year terms, a short term in comparison to other states. The constitution was amended to give the legislature the power to create additional courts of appeals. Each court has only one justice, as determined by the legislature. The legislature established the first court of appeals.

The constitution was amended to give the legislature the power to create additional courts of appeals.

What is one important reason why the Texas Supreme Court may be susceptible to improper influence by moneyed interests? The court's constitutional authority allows it to use campaign contributions as a heuristic for case importance. The court does not reveal how the justices voted in each decision to accept or reject a petition for appeal. Justices are required to reveal each of their votes to accept or reject a petition for appeal, which allows interest groups to punish them in future elections. Wealthy individuals and organizations are more likely to bring petitions for appeal to the court than other interests.

The court does not reveal how the justices voted in each decision to accept or reject a petition for appeal.

What does it mean for a court to have original jurisdiction over a case? The court is being depicted in a television drama. The court has the authority to hear the case first, before any other court. The court is the only one that can ever hear the case. The court has the authority to revise the opinions issued by all other courts.

The court has the authority to hear the case first, before any other court.

What does it mean for a court to have appellate jurisdiction? The court shares the authority with another court to hear a case first. The court hears cases that were originally tried in other courts. The court has the authority to try a case first. The court has the authority to revise any opinion issued by any other court.

The court hears cases that were originally tried in other courts.

According to the text, why did Bill Clinton leave office with high approval ratings despite an administration plagued by scandal and impeachment? The American people do not care about a president's personal transgressions. The economy was strong throughout his administration. The media did not cover the scandal. The Supreme Court found him not guilty.

The economy was strong throughout his administration.

Which of the following occurred during the Great Depression and its aftermath? Government programs were implemented to deal with events like Shays' Rebellion. The Supreme Court's interpretation of the Commerce Clause remained consistent with its historical treatment of this clause. The executive branch created a number of new bureaucratic offices. The federal government contracted in size due to the severity of the recession.

The executive branch created a number of new bureaucratic offices.

The activism of the Radical Republican government established in Texas after the Civil War had a significant impact on the framers of the Texas Constitution. How did this affect the Texas judicial system? Black individuals were prohibited from sitting on the bench until the modern civil rights movement. All of these answers are correct. In order to ensure the capability of judges, the framers required that judicial candidates have considerable experience practicing law. The framers emphasized accountability through direct partisan elections for members of the judiciary.

The framers emphasized accountability through direct partisan elections for members of the judiciary.

Which of the following is true of the Texas justice system? The incarcerated population in Texas has often been subjected to inhumane treatments and conditions. Texas is lacking in specialized facilities for people with special needs who have committed crimes. The Texas justice system has greatly increased its incarceration rates in recent years. Texas drug offenders are no longer eligible for rehabilitation programs following the Ruiz v. Estelle lawsuit.

The incarcerated population in Texas has often been subjected to inhumane treatments and conditions.

The length of terms in office can influence how judges make decisions. If a justice has a relatively short term length of two years, how might this affect the way he or she makes decisions? The role of campaign contributions will be muted. The judge will consider public opinion when making legal decisions. The public will have ample time to evaluate the judge's record before making a decision regarding reelection. The judge will focus on applying the law rather than on reelection.

The judge will consider public opinion when making legal decisions.

What does the Supremacy Clause of the U.S. Constitution mean for the states? Individual rights and liberties are protected only in states that were never part of the Confederacy. Term limits for members of Congress are set by the states. The laws of all states must conform to the Constitution, its amendments, and related federal judicial rulings. Interstate commerce can only be regulated by the states that are specified in the U.S. Constitution.

The laws of all states must conform to the Constitution, its amendments, and related federal judicial rulings.

Which of the following BEST describes the Texas judiciary? It is rapidly becoming more diverse, with almost 50 percent of judges being women and/or minorities It is the oldest judiciary in the country, almost exclusively white males aged 65-75. The majority of judges are male and Republican, with a median age of 55 to 61. It has an equal distribution of male and female judges but is predominantly white.

The majority of judges are male and Republican, with a median age of 55 to 61.

The decisions issued in District of Columbia v. Heller reflect which of the following? The majority opinion reflected a literal interpretation of the Second Amendment. The majority decision reflected judicial activism. Justice Breyer's opinion reflected judicial restraint. Justice Stevens's opinion reflected judicial activism.

The majority opinion reflected a literal interpretation of the Second Amendment.

In order for a case to reach the Supreme Court, it needs to meet which of the following criteria? The case is a hypothetical exercise in potential applications of the law. The parties must be able to prove personal or economic injury. The parties must show a general interest in the resolution of the case. The problem has been resolved and is unlikely to happen again.

The parties must be able to prove personal or economic injury.

If the governor makes a commutation of state charges in a death penalty case, what does this mean for the defendant? The penalty in the case is cancelled. The penalty in the case is postponed. The penalty in the case is reduced. The penalty in the case is affirmed.

The penalty in the case is reduced.

Which of these is NOT one of the Ten Commandments for presidents? The president should consult with party leaders prior to undertaking major policy initiatives. The president should view Congress as a co-equal institution The president needs to be able to compromise The president should see his office as the pre-eminent political institution in the constitutional order The president should seek bipartisan support for his initiatives

The president should see his office as the pre-eminent political institution in the constitutional order

What conclusions can be drawn from the recent vote in Great Britain to leave the European Union and President Trump's questioning of the United States' participation in NAFTA? The process of globalization is not inevitable. Globalization is stronger than ever. Globalization has ended. The process of globalization remains unchanged.

The process of globalization is not inevitable.

How has an increased media focus on exonerations and wrongful executions led the public to change its perspective on the death penalty? Texans' support for the death penalty has declined dramatically, and a majority now oppose capital punishment for the first time in the history of the state. A majority of Texans have called for the death penalty to be applied only when the defendant's guilt can be irrefutably proven by DNA evidence. A majority of Texans have indicated support for more extensive appeals processes for death-row inmates and an increase in taxes to cover these costs. The public has developed a more nuanced perspective on the use of the death penalty, considering it in terms of accuracy rather than just morality.

The public has developed a more nuanced perspective on the use of the death penalty, considering it in terms of accuracy rather than just morality.

If a defendant is found guilty of a capital felony where the death penalty is sought, what is the next step? The ruling is automatically appealed to the appropriate district court of appeals. The ruling is automatically appealed to the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The ruling may be appealed but is not automatically appealed. The ruling is automatically appealed to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals.

The ruling is automatically appealed to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals.

What happens after a defendant is found guilty of a capital felony in a case where the death penalty is sought? The details of the case are automatically sent to the governor, who may then decide whether to grant a reprieve. The case is offered to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, whose judges vote on whether to hear the appeal. The ruling is automatically appealed to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. The defendant is transferred directly to death row to await execution.

The ruling is automatically appealed to the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals.

What happens if there is a judicial vacancy outside of the normal electoral calendar? The vacancy is filled by someone appointed by the relevant elected official(s). The attorney general appoints someone to fill the vacancy. The position remains vacant until the next scheduled election. A special election is held so that the voters can select someone to fill the vacancy.

The vacancy is filled by someone appointed by the relevant elected official(s).

Which of the following is true of the Texas district courts? These courts take on fewer cases than the U.S. district courts. These courts have appellate jurisdiction in all cases involving foreign nationals or citizens of other states. These courts have original jurisdiction in all felony criminal cases, divorce cases, and cases involving title to land. These courts do not specialize in particular kinds of law.

These courts have original jurisdiction in all felony criminal cases, divorce cases, and cases involving title to land.

Which of the following is true concerning executive orders? They can be overturned by the next president. They represent an expressed power. They require Senate approval. They apply to all branches of government.

They can be overturned by the next president.

Which of the following is an ability that benefits news aggregators? They can expand the audience for old and new media outlets. They can increase the income of traditional newspapers and magazines. They can send people information that challenges their preexisting beliefs. They can offer additional fact checking for each of the stories they circulate.

They can expand the audience for old and new media outlets.

What is one power that Supreme Court justices do not have over their caseload? They cannot rule on cases without legislative approval. They cannot evaluate the constitutionality of a law in a case. They cannot initiate cases. They cannot choose which cases they hear.

They cannot initiate cases.

Which of the following identifies one of the benefits of news aggregators? Choices They provide financial support for traditional newspapers and magazines. They expand the audience for both old and new media outlets. They send people information that challenges their preexisting beliefs. They offer additional fact-checking on each of the stories they circulate.

They expand the audience for both old and new media outlets.

How do personalized news aggregators work? They generate lists based on social media profiles. They generate lists based on the popularity of certain news items among high-volume users. They generate lists based on the popularity of certain news items among all users. They generate lists based on information from RSS feeds.

They generate lists based on social media profiles.

What do personalized news aggregators do? They generate lists based on the popularity of news among high-volume users. They generate lists based on social media profiles. They generate lists based on information from RSS feeds. They generate lists based on the popularity of news among all users.

They generate lists based on social media profiles.

Globalization and technological progress have had which of the following effects on the U.S. presidency? They have not had any effect on presidential power. They have generally decreased presidential power. They have made it easier for the president to make decisions. They have generally increased presidential power.

They have generally increased presidential power.

What does confirmation bias tell us about consumers of news? Choices They like to receive information that challenges their preexisting beliefs. They are more likely to believe information that they have received from friends and family members. They like to receive information that supports their preexisting beliefs. They are more likely to believe information that has been verified by government agencies.

They like to receive information that supports their preexisting beliefs.

Why might the Founders have limited the powers of the executive branch? They intended for the judicial branch to be the most powerful. They preferred the idea of a direct democracy. They sought continuity with the executive powers outlined in the Articles of Confederation. They wanted to avoid the tyrannical power of a king.

They wanted to avoid the tyrannical power of a king.

Which of the following is a characteristic of early newspapers in the United States? They were influenced by political parties. They were highly profitable. They were owned by politicians. They were committed to fair and balanced coverage of politics.

They were influenced by political parties.

What is the result of judges not receiving much media coverage during election season, and not spending as much as other politicians on advertising? Voters must take it upon themselves to become informed about judicial elections, if they choose to do so. A judge's decisions while on the bench become of paramount importance to voters in elections. Judicial elections are secret affairs whose results are heavily influenced by corporate backing. There is no way for voters to find out anything about judicial candidates before elections.

Voters must take it upon themselves to become informed about judicial elections, if they choose to do so.

What was the consequence of the media giving extensive coverage to the Iraq War in the months leading up to the 2004 presidential election? Congress was able to get more funding for troops with the support boost the media's coverage provided. Voters were compelled to compare the presidential candidates in terms of who would be better at conducting the ongoing military conflict. Republican candidates suffered in the polls because opposition to the war was strong during this time period. Many voters decided to change their party affiliation.

Voters were compelled to compare the presidential candidates in terms of who would be better at conducting the ongoing military conflict.

President Ronald Reagan's management style resembled which of the following? hands-on wheel-like a CEO a general

a CEO

Which of the following would fall under the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? an appeal of a decision made by a lower federal court a lawsuit brought by a citizen of California against a company in California a case involving a dispute between Kansas and Missouri any case involving civil rights

a case involving a dispute between Kansas and Missouri

Which of the following would fall under the appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court? a criminal case against a French ambassador in the United States a lawsuit brought by a citizen of Maine against a citizen of New Hampshire any case involving civil rights a decision made in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

a decision made in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit

What is the first step a case on appeal goes through in its journey to the Supreme Court? Law clerks evaluate the case. Justices review the case. The chief justice circulates a list of cases to the other justices. A petition for a writ of certiorari is filed.

a petition for a writ of certiorari is filed.

The president's power to exonerate a person from the penalties associated with committing a crime but not the crime itself is known as what? a reprieve granting amnesty a pardon executive forgiveness

a reprieve

What did the Supreme Court's rulings in Lawrence v. Texas and Obergefell v. Hodges reflect? a refusal of the Court to honor changes in public opinion a willingness for the Court to allow the partisan makeup of Congress to influence its decisions an evolution of the Court's interpretation of "separate but equal" a tendency for the Court's position to follow cultural shifts regarding sexual orientation

a tendency for the Court's position to follow cultural shifts regarding sexual orientation

In entering into conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq, President George W. Bush did which of the following? acted in his capacity as commander in chief mobilized troops after Congress had declared war on these nations waited until the War Powers Resolution had passed Congress concluded an executive agreement

acted in his capacity as commander in chief

According to Barber's typology, which of the following personality types potentially makes the best type of president? active positive passive positive passive negative active negative

active positive

When is an indictment issued? when the arresting officers file a petition to initiate grand jury proceedings with the district attorney's office during the punishment phase of a trial after the accused requests release from custody for the duration of the trial after the prosecuting attorney's formal written accusation has been presented to and accepted by a grand jury

after the prosecuting attorney's formal written accusation has been presented to and accepted by a grand jury

(TX) Which judges have to satisfy the most rigorous requirements before they can assume their posts? constitutional county court judges district court judges justices of the peace appeals court judges

appeals court judges

What does the Supreme Court consider when hearing a case on appeal? testimony application of the law news reports on the case evidence

application of the law

What did the Fairness Doctrine require? limitations on government censorship that anonymous sources be revealed to the public that public funding be provided for the news balanced coverage of public issues

balanced coverage of public issues

What is political ideology? beliefs about the role judges should play in interpreting the Constitution beliefs on the scope and function of government support for either judicial activism or judicial restraint interpretation of the Second Amendment

beliefs on the scope and function of government

How might the media "frame" the issue of budget cuts? Choices by accessing reliable sources to comment on budget cuts by highlighting both the benefits and the drawbacks of the budget cuts by discussing a separate issue in order to link it to budget cuts by choosing certain words to refer to the budget cuts

by choosing certain words to refer to the budget cuts

How have political candidates reacted to the growing popularity of infotainment? Choices by boycotting shows such as The Tonight Show by pushing for stricter FCC regulations by failing to pass net neutrality laws by making appearances on infotainment programs

by making appearances on infotainment programs

How has President Donald Trump changed the relationship between the presidency and party members? by using Twitter to bypass the filters of party and press by giving his legislative agenda to members of his own party in Congress before "going public" by using his influence to campaign for party members by inviting party leadership to speak for him in the press

by using Twitter to bypass the filters of party and press

According to the public policy watchdog group Texans for Public Justice, the Texas Supreme Court is more likely to hear appeals filed by whom? campaign contributors Republicans law firms with excellent reputations minorities and women

campaign contributors

Which of the following characteristics allow judges to make the kind of unbiased and well-reasoned decisions necessary for a credible justice system? impartiality and logic kindness and impartiality liberalism and logic capability and independence

capability and independence

The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals has discretion to hear criminal appeals and does not have to hear all cases, with what exception? domestic violence cases criminal cases capital punishment cases felony cases

capital punishment cases

Which of the following would represent an instance of the president "going public"? delivering a State of the Union address circumventing Congress to petition the people directly revealing classified information opening campaign donations to the people

circumventing Congress to petition the people directly

The Texas Supreme Court has final jurisdiction over which of the following types of cases appealed through the state courts? cases involving the death penalty civil cases cases involving federal law criminal cases

civil cases (and all cases involving juveniles).

On what issue did the Supreme Court encounter difficulty when it came to enforcing its rulings? health care workplace regulation tax policy civil rights

civil rights

Which of the following was a primary focus of government policies and programs between the 1780s and 1930s? commerce between states and with other nations social initiatives such as welfare and pension programs economic stimulus federal bureaucratic expansion

commerce between states and with other nations

The Judiciary Act did which of the following? granted judicial power to the Supreme Court defined the crime of treason extended Supreme Court jurisdiction in questions of federal law created a three-tiered federal court structure

created a three-tiered federal court structure

The American public tends to judge news outlets according to which of the following criteria? Choices longevity credibility digital footprint financial success

credibility

According to Table 1, section 2 of Article III does which of the following? creates the Supreme Court defines the crime of treason gives the Supreme Court original and appellate jurisdiction gives Congress the power to establish lower courts

gives the Supreme Court original and appellate jurisdiction

Which of the following powers would a president most likely utilize toward the end of his or her term? giving a State of the Union address appointing a secretary of state granting a pardon to a convicted criminal nominating a Supreme Court justice

granting a pardon to a convicted criminal

Which of the following represents a presidential check on judicial power? Choose the BEST answer. convening Congress presiding over an impeachment hearing vetoing legislation granting amnesty to a group of people

granting amnesty to a group of people

Which of the following is an expressed presidential power? exercising executive privilege serving as head of state in diplomatic relations granting pardons and reprieves entering into executive agreements

granting pardons and reprieves

President Jimmy Carter preferred which style of leadership? big picture reactionary hands-on hands-off

hands-on

Justice Ginsburg's opinion in U.S. v. Virginia reflected which of the following? her opposition to cross burning her approval of the Virginia Military Institute's admissions policy her commitment to gender equality her definition of intimidation

her commitment to gender equality

If a reporter intended to frame gay marriage in a positive light, how might she do so? discuss the continued prevalence of AIDS in the gay community highlight the joyous reaction of gay couples following the Supreme Court decision to legalize same-sex marriage emphasize concerns about religious liberty following the Supreme Court decision to legalize same-sex marriage focus on the biblical definition of marriage

highlight the joyous reaction of gay couples following the Supreme Court decision to legalize same-sex marriage

Which of the following is an example of an implied power? appointing ambassadors appointing justices to the Supreme Court issuing an executive order convening Congress

issuing an executive order

Which of the following is an implied presidential power? vetoing legislation issuing executive orders making policy recommendations appointing department heads

issuing executive orders

Alexander Hamilton argued that the judicial branch had which of the following powers? wealth judgment force will

judgment

The anti-Federalists would have supported which of the following? judicial activism increased judicial power judicial restraint a flexible reading of the Constitution

judicial restraint

Individuals with more political knowledge are considered to be which of the following? less likely to accept media messages that contradict their ideology more likely to be conservative more likely to accept media messages that contradict their ideology less capable of receiving media messages

less likely to accept media messages that contradict their ideology

What are the defining characteristics of the members of the Texas judiciary? majority white, male, Republican, and a median age of 55 to 61 majority white, female, Democrat, and a median age of 59 to 65 majority white, male, Democrat, and a median age of 39 to 45 majority white, female, Republican, and a median age of 59 to 65

majority white, male, Republican, and a median age of 55 to 61

What type of crime does not require a grand jury indictment? property crimes misdemeanors inchoate crimes felonies

misdemeanors

Presidents have historically depended on their party in which of the following capacities? mobilizing voters setting the agenda supporting judicial nominees funding the campaign

mobilizing voters

According to the text, on which issue did the media prime the public in the run-up to the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections? the economic recession and taxes national security and the economy the housing boom and immigration health care and taxes

national security and the economy

How large is the federal civilian workforce in the executive branch? nearly 500,000 employees nearly 100,000 employees nearly 2.8 million employees nearly 1.5 million employees

nearly 2.8 million employees

What is selective exposure? news consumers preferring international media outlets to domestic ones news consumers choosing media outlets that confirm their preexisting views news consumers choosing media outlets that challenge their preexisting views news consumers seeking out new media outlets on a regular basis

news consumers choosing media outlets that confirm their preexisting views

How many seats are there on the Supreme Court? five nine eleven seven

nine

What has been the result of the large racial disparity between the defendants and their judges in the criminal court system? a concerted effort to appoint more black judges in the criminal court system increased voter turnout in judicial elections, with voters making a concerted effort to try to elect more black judges an institutional reluctance to incarcerate minorities, with white judges not wanting to let racism cloud their judgment ongoing criticism of the low number of black judges in the judiciary

ongoing criticism of the low number of black judges in the judiciary

What kind of law is made by municipal and county governments? statutes ordinances common law case law

ordinances

Texas judges are chosen through _______. legislative appointments executive appointments, but terms are renewed through elections partisan elections executive appointments none of these

partisan elections

The actions of Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein led to which of the following? political controversy President Nixon's reelection freedom from scrutiny for presidents an alliance between the media and the government

political controversies

Senatorial courtesy is BEST described as which of the following? the mode of questioning Supreme Court nominees in Senate confirmation hearings Senate notification to the House when the Senate plans to confirm a federal judge early confirmation of a Supreme Court nominee by the Senate presidential consultation with the senators from a federal district court nominee's home state

presidential consultation with the senators from a federal district court nominee's home state

What is priming? muckraking watchdog yellow journalism press coverage of a candidate influencing voters to switch parties press coverage of an issue influencing the way people think about related issues falsified coverage of primary elections

press coverage of an issue influencing the way people think about related issues

The addition of independent editors to the newspaper industry allowed for more stories based on which of the following? Choices audience appeal quality sensationalism partisan preferences

quality

Which of the following might a president consider when taking into account a commitment to diversity in selecting a Supreme Court nominee? legal education records political prominence chance of a Senate filibuster religious affiliation

religious affiliation

Proponents of judicial restraint would tend to have which of the following characteristics? belief in the Constitution as a flexible document respect for the roles of the other branches of government willingness to invalidate state law if necessary respect for contemporary political views over those of the Framers

respect for the roles of the other branches of government

The United States' role as a world leader has which of the following consequences? a transition away from importing and exporting increased isolationism decreased presidential power ripple effects from domestic economic activity

ripple effects from domestic economic activity

When a person changes the channel from Hannity on Fox News, because she does not agree with Sean Hannity's perspective, to The Rachel Maddow Show on MSNBC, because she likes Maddow's criticism of the president, what is she engaging in? Choices deliberate exposure agenda setting selective exposure news aggregation

selective exposure

The Society of Professional Journalists formed in response to which of the following? Choices the Great Depression public approval of the political climate sensationalism in the media high standards of ethical behavior

sensationalism in the media

Which of the following is a duty the president assumes as a public opinion leader? implement party priorities serve as head of state shape the national agenda shape the party agenda

shape the national agenda

What alternative mechanism may a president use to enter into an international agreement without the support of legislators? signing an executive agreement replacing an ambassador proposing a UN resolution issuing an executive order

signing an executive agreement

What is the minimum number of Supreme Court justices that have served at any one time? three nine six four

six

What was the first newspaper to be continuously published in the United States? Choices the Boston Newsletter the Federalist Papers the Gazette of the United States Publick Occurrences Both Forreign and Domestick

the Boston Newsletter

Which department was most recently added to the president's cabinet? the Department of Agriculture the Department of Housing and Urban Development the Department of Education the Department of Homeland Security

the Department of Homeland Security

Which of the following situations represents a check on presidential power? the president promoting an aide to become his new chief of staff the Supreme Court declining to hear a challenge to an executive order the governor of a state deciding to challenge the president for reelection the Senate holding a vote on a Supreme Court nomination

the Senate holding a vote on a Supreme Court nomination

What two sources set the formal requirements to serve as a state judge in Texas? the Texas Constitution and the Texas Legislature the Texas Legislature and the U.S. Congress the Texas Legislature and the Texas Supreme Court the Texas Constitution and the U.S. Constitution

the Texas constitution and the Texas legislature

Executive privilege was invoked in which of the following cases? school desegregation in Little Rock, Arkansas the White House Office of Faith-Based Initiatives the Watergate scandal "Don't Ask, Don't Tell"

the Watergate Scandal

What concern was of primary importance to the drafters of the Texas Constitution when creating the judicial selection system? the independence of judges the accountability of judges the impartiality of judges partisanship of judges

the accountability of judges

Which of the following is based on the idea that encouraging lawyers to pursue the best interests of their respective clients is the optimal way for the system to ensure that justice is delivered? the conflictual system the controversial system the adversarial system the representational system

the adversarial system

If a president wishes to enter into a treaty with another country, what is required before he or she can proceed? the approval of three-fourths of the Senate the approval of two-thirds of the House the approval of three-fourths of the House the approval of two-thirds of the Senate

the approval of two-thirds of the Senate to enter into a treaty

According to the text, which of the following affects the persuasiveness of the message? Choices the medium of the source the credibility of the source the popularity of the source the entertainment value of the source

the credibility of the source

According to the text, on what issue did the media prime the public in the months leading up to the 2008 presidential election? national security the economy healthcare immigration

the economy

Calls for journalistic reform in the early 20th century led to which of the following? Choices declining newspaper readership television news programs the establishment of journalism schools fewer editors

the establishment of journalism schools

The publication of both the Federalist Papers and anti-Federalist essays in newspapers reflected which of the following developments? Choices increasingly heated debate over print media regulations the existence of only two major newspapers in 18th-century America the growing influence of political parties the election of Thomas Jefferson to the presidency

the growing influence of political parties

According to the text, why did Judge Robert Bork receive such severe treatment during Senate confirmation proceedings? ideological disagreement with Senate Republicans Bork's broad interpretation of the Constitution the likelihood of the Court overturning Roe v. Wade Bork's record of judicial activism

the likelihood of the Court overturning Roe v. Wade

The order of arguing and voting in conference is designed to advantage which members of the Supreme Court? the most senior justices the youngest justices the newest justices the female justices

the most senior justices

According to Richard Neustadt, a president's performance is directly related to which of the following? the power to persuade the ability to maintain good relations with the media management style general appearance

the power to persuade

Which of the following allows judges to focus on cases that will contribute something meaningful to the collective understanding of the law? the state policy of choosing appeals court judges based on popular election, which encourages elected judges to focus on cases the public is interested in the Texas Supreme Court's policy of confidentiality, which maintains secrecy about how each justice voted on whether to accept or reject a petition for appeal the "Billable Ours" system, in which the Texas Supreme Court is more likely to hear appeals filed by major campaign contributors than appeals filed by non-contributors the principle of discretionary review, which holds that the supreme court and the court of criminal appeals may choose the appeals cases they wish to hear

the principle of discretionary review, which holds that the supreme court and the court of criminal appeals may choose the appeals cases they wish to hear

What is included in the basic rights of the accused? the right to exclude evidence and testimony the right to at least one appeal the right to a speedy public trial by an impartial jury the right to sue witnesses who commit perjury

the right to a speedy public trial by an impartial judge

The common law system is built on precedent. What are precedents? the decisions made by previous congresses previous administrative decisions that are treated as law written codes of the law the rulings and reasoning of previous legal cases

the rulings and reasoning of previous legal cases

Which of the following might submit amicus curiae briefs to the Supreme Court? the defense attorney the solicitor general the defendant the plaintiff

the solicitor general

Who represents the federal government in cases heard by U.S. appellate courts? the White House chief of staff the FBI director the solicitor general the attorney general

the solicitor general

What three factors determine the likelihood of being persuaded by the media? the frame, the message, and the timing the timing, the source, and the message the source, the message, and the audience the message, the timing, and the audience

the source, the message, and the audience

Which of the following hears the most cases per year? the state appellate courts the U.S. district courts the U.S. Supreme Court the state trial courts

the state trial courts

Which of the following statements accurately describes the Supreme Court's early history? Appointment to the Supreme Court was regarded as highly prestigious. Alexander Hamilton served as one of the Court's first justices. The Supreme Court met in a variety of places. The Supreme Court was composed of nine justices.

the supreme court met in a variety of places

What does the corrections component of the justice system encompass? the system of incarceration and parole the system of criminal trials and appeals courts public defenders, the jury system, and other court functions municipal police and county sheriffs

the system of incarceration and parole

The following power allows the President to stop legislation: Submitting a bill to the House None of these options Submitting a bill to the Senate The bully pulpit The veto

the veto

How have presidents expanded their power over time? Choose the BEST answer. through their use of expressed powers through their interpretation of implied powers through constitutional amendments through public relations campaigns

though their interpretation of implied powers

How many executive departments existed during the time that George Washington served as president? three six one none

three

How can a judge be removed from office? by executive order of the president through impeachment by the House and conviction by the Senate by voter referendum through a special committee convened by other judges

through impeachment by the House and conviction by the Senate

According to the text, how have presidents expanded their power over time? Choose the BEST answer. through constitutional amendments through public relations campaigns through their use of expressed powers through their interpretation of implied powers

through their interpretation of implied powers

What is the purpose of the Code of Judicial Conduct established by the Texas Supreme Court? to govern what judges can and cannot say in their campaign advertisements to establish professional standards that ensure that judges dispense justice in a fair and impartial manner to consider whether the conduct of a particular justice contravenes proper performance of judicial duties to help the Commission on Judicial Conduct review the legal results of a trial of any judge indicted for a felony

to establish professional standards that ensure that judges dispense justice in a fair and impartial manner

What was the goal of the War Powers Act of 1973? to limit the power of presidents to engage the U.S. military without congressional approval to expand the military authority of the president and relieve Congress of certain military-related responsibilities to formally end the war in Vietnam to increase public knowledge of wartime developments by granting the media greater access to the Pentagon

to limit the power of presidents to engage the U.S. military without congressional approval

What was the purpose of the Fairness Doctrine? to require anonymous sources to be revealed to the public to provide public funding for the news to limit government censorship to promote balanced coverage of public issues

to promote balanced coverage of public issues

Under what circumstances might the president use the power to receive foreign dignitaries and appoint U.S. ambassadors? Choose the BEST answer. to strengthen party loyalty to criticize proposed legislation to recognize the legitimacy of other nations to provide a check on the judicial system

to recognize the legitimacy of other nations

Which of the following is within the power of the Commission on Judicial Conduct in Texas? to reprimand or publicly censure a judge to review the results of a trial to remove a judge from office for poor conduct to force a judge to retire

to reprimand or publicly censure a judge

Which of the following reflects a duty of the vice president? to oversee troop deployments to vote in the Senate if there is a tie to remain a constant presence in Congress to replace the Speaker of the House in his or her absence

to vote in the Senate if there is a tie

After crime rates peaked in the early 1990s, what caused the prison population and incarceration rate in Texas to increase faster than the rest of the nation's during the remainder of that decade? tougher law enforcement norms and stiffer sentencing in a climate of public concern over violent crime the results of the lawsuit Ruiz v. Estelle, which paved the way for longer incarcerations for more people a dramatic reduction in death penalty convictions, leaving more prisoners incarcerated for longer periods of time corruption in the judiciary that saw judges accepting bribes to incarcerate more and more defendants

tougher law enforcement norms and stiffer sentencing in a climate of public concern over violent crime

In 2016, how many of the nine justices on the Texas Supreme Court were women? eight four six two

two

The fact that Bill Clinton left office with a much higher approval rating than that of George W. Bush can be explained by which of the following factors (among others)? the thriving economy at the end of the Bush administration Bush's charismatic personality the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan initiated by the Bush administration Clinton's scandal-free tenure in office

two wars in Iraq and Afghanistan initiated by the Bush administration

Municipal judges serve terms of what length? four years two years six years eight years

two years

Which of the following is an example of an expressed power? organizing the federal bureaucracy vetoing legislation invoking executive privilege issuing executive orders

vetoing legislation

When might a Supreme Court justice write a concurring opinion? when the justice disagrees with the Court's decision when the chief justice assigns the associate justice to write a concurring opinion when the justice disagrees with the Court's reasoning when another justice has written a dissenting opinion

when the justice disagrees with the Court's reasoning

Under which scenario is a presidential veto most likely to occur? when the president is a Republican and Republicans have a large majority in the Senate but a small majority in the House when the president is a Republican and Republicans fill every seat in the Senate when the president is a Democrat and Republicans have slight majorities in both chambers of Congress when the president is a Democrat and both chambers have large Democratic majorities

when the president is a Democrat and Republicans have slight majorities in both chambers of Congress

When might we expect to see a large number of vetoes? when there is a Republican Congress and a Democratic president when Congress is out of session when the U.S. is involved in a war when there is a Democratic Congress and a Democratic President

when there is a Republican Congress and a Democratic president