MOR 340 Embalming II SGR 1.1

Describe the dividing lines of the 4-region Plan.

Horizontal line drawn from the left to right through the umbilicus. Verticle line drawn down the midline.

An instrument installed on a water line that uses water to create a vacuum for cavity aspiration is?

Hydroaspirator

Nasal tube aspirator

Instrument used to aspirate the throat by means of the nostrils.

According to the text and the lesson, what is the theory behind having a long delay prior to aspirating?

It allows for maximum time for arterial solution to penetrate into the tissue spaces and into the walls of the visceral organs. It makes the walls easier to pierce with the trocar when aspiration is completed.

What are the two commonly-used types of instruments used to create a vacuum?

1. Hydroaspirator, 2. Electric Aspirator

What are the two periods during which cavity aspiration and injection can take place?

1. Immediately following arterial injection, and 2. Several hours following arterial injection or 8 to 12 hours.

List some advantages of aspirating shortly after arterial injection.

1. Large number of microbes are removed as soon as possible, 2. Reduces translocation of microbes to the skeletal tissue, 3. Minimizes gases producing purge, 4. Eliminates bacterial medium, 5. Prevents discoloration and condition of embalmers gray caused by blood clots, 6. Removes distention of the neck and facial tissue during arterial injection reducing swelling.

List and number the areas of the abdomen using the 9-Region method (R to L and top to bottom).

1. Right hypochondriac, 2. Epigastric, 3. Left Hypochondriac, 4. Right Lumbar, 5. Umbilical, 6. Left lumbar, 7. Right inguinal, 8. Hypogastric, and 9. Left inguinal.

According to the lesson, aspiration also creates more "surface area" within the thorax and abdomen. What is the significance of this?

It increases the amount of tissue upon which the cavity fluid can act.

Why is clear tubing helpful in the aspiration procedure?

It permits visible examination of the material being removed and aids in the determining which organ or space is being aspirated.

What items are required to accomplish the process of aspiration?

1. Trocar, 2. Hydroaspirator, 3. Cavity fluid injector, 4. Electric aspirator, 5. Trocar button, 6. Nasal tube aspirator, 7. Autopsy aspirator, and 8. Tubing

Electric aspirator

A device that uses a motor to create suction for the purpose of aspiration.

Trocar button

A plastic threaded screw-like device for sealing punctures and trocar openings.

In relation to arterial embalming, when does cavity embalming occur?

After arterial embalming.

Hydroaspirator

Apparatus that utilizes a water supply to create suction and is used to aspirate the contents of the body's cavities.

Describe the type of purge that originates in the stomach.

Liquids, semisolids, dark brown "coffee ground" appearance; odor; acid PH

Describe how a cavity fluid (gravity) injector is used.

Attached directly to the 16 ounce bottle of cavity fluid, a hose connects the injector to the trocar, the higher the bottle is raised the faster the fluid flows into the body, a small opening on the side of the gravity injector allows air to flow into the cavity fluid bottle, by placing the finger over this opening the embalmer stops the flow of cavity fluid.

According to the text, why is it wise to suture incisions after aspiration?

Because aspiration relieves pressure off the vascular system decreasing the chance of leakage from the incision if a small vessel leaks.

Why is a complete disinfection/sterilization of the trocar important?

Microorganisms can carelessly transfer from one body to another, such as spore forming clostridium perfringens.

Cavity fluid

Concentrated embalming chemical injected into the cavities of the body following the aspiration of the body; can also be used in hypodermic and surface embalming.

This is the bony plate/bone through which the trocar is pushed to aspirate the cranial cavity.

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone.

Reaspiration

Repeated aspiration of a cavity.

Trocar

Sharply-pointed aspirating instrument used in cavity embalming to remove gases, liquids, and semi-solids from the body cavities and hollow organs and inject cavity fluid.

Purge that is frothy with possible red blood and very little odor would emanate from which source?

The Lungs and out the nose or mouth

Using the four main trocar guides, which organ will you pierce if you move the trocar along a line from the left anterior-superior iliac spine and the right earlobe and depressing the point after you have passed through the diaphragm?

The heart.

Why isn't the trocar inserted on the right side of the abdomen near the umbilicus?

The trocar would be entangled in the solid tissue of the liver.

According to the text, what is the suggested order of cavity treatment?

Thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity and pelvic cavity.

According to the text, what are the aspiration procedure and subsequent perfusion with cavity fluid designed to do?

To reach the substances and microbes found in the spaces within the thoracic, abdominopelvic and sometimes cranial cavities.

The term for a long hollow needle (metal tube) with a removable sharp point that is used to pierce the wall of the abdomen and internal organs for the purpose of removing the contents of the organs and fluid that has pooled in the cavities.

Trocar

Using the four main trocar guides, which organ will you pierce if you direct your trocar along the abdominal wall to the symphysis pubis, pull it back slightly and depress it while moving it forward?

Urinary bladder.

As a rule, cavity treatment follows arterial embalming. What is one exception to this rule?

When the abdomen is tightly distended with gas or edema.

What is one occasion when cavity treatment is not employed?

When the body is bequeathed to a medical school and when a hospital allows the body to be embalmed prior to a postmortem examination or autopsy.

As a general rule, the text suggests keeping the trocar in constant motion. What is the exception?

When you hit an area that is full of liquid or edema.

Cavity fluid injector

aka cavity fluid injector; a device that connects to a bottle of cavity fluid used to deliver the fluid into the body cavities.

List several conditions under which reaspiration would be strongly advised.

1. When prior to dressing the trocar button is removed and a noticeable amount of gas appears to be present in the abdomen, 2. Prior to a shop-out, 3. After a ship in, 4. When decomposition is present, 5. In cases of recent abdominal surgery, 6. When an embalmer is dealing with an obese body, 7. When there's evidence of gas, 8. When purge is present, 9. When death involved blood infection or infection of the abdominal cavity such as sepsis, peritonitis or pneumonia, 10. When death occurs by drowning, 11. In the case of bodies with ascites.

Describe the standard point of trocar entry.

2 inches to the left and 2 inches superior to the umbilicus

Autopsy aspirator

An instrument that is attached to the aspirator tubing and used to aspirate blood and arterial solution from the cavities of autopsied bodies.

What is the trocar guide for the cecum?

Direct the torcar toward a point one fourth of the distance from the right anterior-superior iliac spine to the pubic symphysis. Keep the point of the torcar well up near the abdominal wall until within 4 inches of the right anterior-superior iliac spine. Then dip the point 2 inches and insert it forward into the colon.

What is the trocar guide for the stomach?

Direct the trocar point toward the intersection of the fifth intercostal space and the left midaxillary line.

Cavity embalming

Direct treatment of the contents of the body cavities and the lumina of the hollow viscera; usually accomplished by aspiration and injection of chemicals using a trocar.

Purge

Postmortem evacuation of any substance from an external orifice of the body as a result of pressure.