motivated behaviors

fyodor dostoevsky

"people like the process of attaining, but do not quite like to have attained"

leadership style

-initiating structure (also called task orientation) -consideration (also called relationship orientation)

motivated behavior

-is intentional - not reflexive or automatic -is goal directed - motivated individuals keep working until they reach their goals -varies across individuals and occasions

problems with motivational drives

-organisms do not appear to strive for inactivity -humans adjust current behavior in anticipation of future needs -ignores the role of external stimulation

types of motivations

-primary vs secondary -intrinsic vs extrinsic

higher nAch is related to

-promotion vs. prevention -choice of difficult but possible goals -effort increase after feedback

drive

a state of unrest or irritation that energizes behavior until the irritation is removed

transformational leadership theory

distinguishes between transactional leadership and transformational leadership

incentive theories

emphasize motivations that are external to the organism

drive theories

emphasize motivations that are internal to the organism

incentives

external stimuli that pull us toward certain actions

leader-member exchange (LMX) theory

focuses on the quality of the 1-to-1 relationship between a specific leader and a specific follower

theory Y

human relations aproach

job satisfaction

interaction between characteristics of the job and characteristics of the person

Need for achievement (nAch)

intrinsic motivation toward accomplishment and excellence.

homeostasis

maintenance of an optimum level of biological conditions within an organism. the problem is that this overlooks the power of new stimuli to arouse behavior

instinct theories

motivation as an energy

Goal setting theory

performance improves most when... -goals are specific -goals are difficult -goals are achievable -goal commitment is high -performance feedback is provided

overjustification

predicts that if people (and some animals) are given more extrinsic motivation than needed to perform a task, their intrinsic motivation declines

drive reduction theory

proposes that animals strive to reduce their drives as much as possible

theory X

scientific management approach