Urinary Homework
One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to
increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex
Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called _______ nephrons.
juxtamedullary
A person with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus will develop
metabolic acidosis
Ingesting too much antacid would cause which of the following acid-base disturbances?
metabolic alkalosis
Vomiting will cause which type of acid-base disturbance?
metabolic alkalosis
The principal cation in intracellular fluid is
potassium
Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) in the glomerulus is generated by
presence of albumin proteins in blood plasma
Which of the following substances should not be filtered? Glucose water amino acids proteins fatty acids
proteins
The main site for water reabsorption along the nephron is the ____.
proximal convoluted tubule
A drug that inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) may lead to all of the following:
reduction of blood pressure, increased urinary loss of sodium, decreased sodium reabsorption, less secretion of aldosterone.
Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion?
Aldosterone
How is the proximal convoluted tubule different from the distal convoluted tube?
Water reabsorption is always obligatory in the proximal convulted tubule but not in the distal convulted tubule.
When filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases, reabsorption of sodium chloride by the tubule ____.
decreases
The bicarbonate buffer system is one of the chemical buffer systems of the body. How would the bicarbonate buffer system work if sodium hydroxide were added to a solution?
A hydrogen on carbonic acid would dissociate and join the hydroxyl group on the base to form water and sodium bicarbonate.
Which hormone MOST affects the osmolarity of blood?
ADH
The respiratory system is one of the three systems that regulate acid-base balance in the body. How does is work to decrease an acidosis?
Carbonic acid is broken down into the water and CO2; the CO2 is then exhaled.
Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the ECF volume by all of the following mechanisms:
Causing the release of ADH, triggering the production and secretion of aldosterone, stimulating thirst stimulating the kidneys to conserve sodium
Which of these age related changes most increases the risk of dehydration?
Decreased sensitivity to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate correctly the net filtration pressure(NFP)? (Hint: CSHP is capsular hydrostatic pressure)
FP=GHP-(CSHP+BCOP)
When the macula densa detects an increase in NaCl concentration in the renal filtrate, what happens to the glomerular filtration rate(GFR)?
GFR decreases
In response to respiratory alkalosis, the
Kidneys retain more hydrogen ions
How do the lungs respond to metabolic acidosis?
Lungs increase respiratory rate
If the osmotic pressure the glomerular capillaries increases from 28 mmHg to 35 mmHg due to dehydration, would net filtration increase or decrease?
Net filtration would decrease
Of the three buffering mechanisms in the body, which is the strongest?
Renal system
the following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney. Placed in the order which blood passes through the vessels.
Segmental artery-interlobar artery-arcuate artery-cortical radial artery-afferent arteriole-glomerulus-efferent arteriole-peritubular capillary
True statements about the kidneys
Surrounded by a fibrous capsule. held in place by the renal fascia located in a position that is retroperitoneal covered by peritoneum
Which of the following statements about filtrate are true?
The filtrate has the same osmotic pressure as blood plasma, the filtrate is collected within the renal cortex, the filtrate is similar to blood plasma.
Imagine a situation in which the number of urea leak channels increased dramatically in the ascending limb of the loop of henle. What could be one likely consequence of the this situation?
The increased solute concentration in the vasa recta would stimulate additional water reabsorption.
Which of these hormones causes the kidney to increase the body's content of sodium?
aldosterone
The release of atrial naturetic peptides from the heart will cause the body to
excrete sodium ions and decrease ECF
The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is
glomerular hydrostatic pressure
Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures, what are these three main pressures?
glomerular hydrostatic pressure, capsular hydrostatic pressure, blood colloid osmotic pressure
Filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases when glomerular filtration rate____
increases
When filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases, the concentration of sodium chloride remaining in the filtrate ____.
increases
An important structure for blood pressure regulation is the
juxtaglomerular complex
When filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases, the macula densa responds by ____ vasoconstrictors.
releasing
The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the
renal pelvis
Sever anxiety would cause which type of acid-base disturbance? What would be the compensation?
respiratory alkalosis; kidneys would excrete HCO3
In a respiratory acidosis the kidney would do what?
the kidney would reabsorb bicarbonate and secrete
Which structure of the kidney functions to reabsorb nutrients from the filtrate?
the proximal convulted tubule
When filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases, the afferent arteriole responds by ______.
vasoconstricting
