Urinary Homework

One mechanism the kidney uses to raise systemic blood pressure is to

increase secretion of renin by the juxtaglomerular complex

Nephrons located close to the medulla with long nephron loops are called _______ nephrons.

juxtamedullary

A person with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus will develop

metabolic acidosis

Ingesting too much antacid would cause which of the following acid-base disturbances?

metabolic alkalosis

Vomiting will cause which type of acid-base disturbance?

metabolic alkalosis

The principal cation in intracellular fluid is

potassium

Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP) in the glomerulus is generated by

presence of albumin proteins in blood plasma

Which of the following substances should not be filtered? Glucose water amino acids proteins fatty acids

proteins

The main site for water reabsorption along the nephron is the ____.

proximal convoluted tubule

A drug that inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) may lead to all of the following:

reduction of blood pressure, increased urinary loss of sodium, decreased sodium reabsorption, less secretion of aldosterone.

Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion?

Aldosterone

How is the proximal convoluted tubule different from the distal convoluted tube?

Water reabsorption is always obligatory in the proximal convulted tubule but not in the distal convulted tubule.

When filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases, reabsorption of sodium chloride by the tubule ____.

decreases

The bicarbonate buffer system is one of the chemical buffer systems of the body. How would the bicarbonate buffer system work if sodium hydroxide were added to a solution?

A hydrogen on carbonic acid would dissociate and join the hydroxyl group on the base to form water and sodium bicarbonate.

Which hormone MOST affects the osmolarity of blood?

ADH

The respiratory system is one of the three systems that regulate acid-base balance in the body. How does is work to decrease an acidosis?

Carbonic acid is broken down into the water and CO2; the CO2 is then exhaled.

Angiotensin II produces a coordinated elevation in the ECF volume by all of the following mechanisms:

Causing the release of ADH, triggering the production and secretion of aldosterone, stimulating thirst stimulating the kidneys to conserve sodium

Which of these age related changes most increases the risk of dehydration?

Decreased sensitivity to antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Which of the following formulas will allow you to calculate correctly the net filtration pressure(NFP)? (Hint: CSHP is capsular hydrostatic pressure)

FP=GHP-(CSHP+BCOP)

When the macula densa detects an increase in NaCl concentration in the renal filtrate, what happens to the glomerular filtration rate(GFR)?

GFR decreases

In response to respiratory alkalosis, the

Kidneys retain more hydrogen ions

How do the lungs respond to metabolic acidosis?

Lungs increase respiratory rate

If the osmotic pressure the glomerular capillaries increases from 28 mmHg to 35 mmHg due to dehydration, would net filtration increase or decrease?

Net filtration would decrease

Of the three buffering mechanisms in the body, which is the strongest?

Renal system

the following is a list of the blood vessels that carry blood to the kidney. Placed in the order which blood passes through the vessels.

Segmental artery-interlobar artery-arcuate artery-cortical radial artery-afferent arteriole-glomerulus-efferent arteriole-peritubular capillary

True statements about the kidneys

Surrounded by a fibrous capsule. held in place by the renal fascia located in a position that is retroperitoneal covered by peritoneum

Which of the following statements about filtrate are true?

The filtrate has the same osmotic pressure as blood plasma, the filtrate is collected within the renal cortex, the filtrate is similar to blood plasma.

Imagine a situation in which the number of urea leak channels increased dramatically in the ascending limb of the loop of henle. What could be one likely consequence of the this situation?

The increased solute concentration in the vasa recta would stimulate additional water reabsorption.

Which of these hormones causes the kidney to increase the body's content of sodium?

aldosterone

The release of atrial naturetic peptides from the heart will cause the body to

excrete sodium ions and decrease ECF

The main force that causes filtration in a nephron is

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

Under normal conditions, glomerular filtration depends on three main pressures, what are these three main pressures?

glomerular hydrostatic pressure, capsular hydrostatic pressure, blood colloid osmotic pressure

Filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases when glomerular filtration rate____

increases

When filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases, the concentration of sodium chloride remaining in the filtrate ____.

increases

An important structure for blood pressure regulation is the

juxtaglomerular complex

When filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases, the macula densa responds by ____ vasoconstrictors.

releasing

The cavity of the kidney that receives urine from the calyces is called the

renal pelvis

Sever anxiety would cause which type of acid-base disturbance? What would be the compensation?

respiratory alkalosis; kidneys would excrete HCO3

In a respiratory acidosis the kidney would do what?

the kidney would reabsorb bicarbonate and secrete

Which structure of the kidney functions to reabsorb nutrients from the filtrate?

the proximal convulted tubule

When filtrate flow through the renal tubule increases, the afferent arteriole responds by ______.

vasoconstricting