Motivation and Attitudes (Khan Academy)
What are the needs of Maslow's hierarchy?
(From bottom): physiological, safety/security, love (social), esteem, self-actualization.
What is the attitude to behavior process model?
1. an event triggers our attitude 2. attitude + outside knowledge leads to our behavior
The theory of planned behavior states that there are three things that affect our intentions?
1. attitudes towards a certain behavior 2. subjective norms 3. perceived behavioral control
What are the three components of attitude?
ABC model of attitude affective (emotional) behavioral cognitive
What is role-playing?
An act of orienting one's own behavior to a set of expectations defined by a role. Eventually we adopt the attitude of that role.
What is extrinsic motivation?
motivation associated with external rewards or obligated behavior
What is intrinsic motivation?
a desire to perform a behavior effectively for its own sake
What is external attribution?
a person is behaving a certain way because of the situation they are in
What is drive?
aroused/tense state related to a physical need such as hunger or thirst
What does the prototype willingness model state?
behavior is a function of 1. past behavior 2. attitudes 3. subjective norms 4. intentions 5. willingness 6. models/prototyping
What is the incentive theory?
behavior is motivated by desire to pursue rewards & avoid punishments
Foot in the door phenomenon, role-playing and public declarations are all examples of how ____________ can influence ___________
behavior, attitude
What are the three main parts of external attribution?
consistency, distinctiveness and consensus
What is the sexual response cycle?
excitement phase plateau orgasm refractory period
Theory of planned behavior, attitude to behavior process model, prototype willingness model and elaboration likelihood model for persuasion are all theories for
how our attitudes influence behavior
What is the difference between incentive theory and drive reduction theory?
incentive theory focuses on positive reinforcement to increase a response while drive reduction theory is the removal of a stimuli to encourage a response (negative reinforcement)
What is superego?
its our moral conscience, and is found as part of the conscious and unconscious mind (superego is angel, id is devil, ego is what you decide)
Define need
lack of deprivation that will energize the drive, or aroused state
What is an attitude?
learned tendency to evaluate things in a certain way
What is public declarations?
more likely to follow through with something if you've told everyon
What are our socio-culture factors?
our conscious choices on how we express our needs
What is the optimum arousal theory?
people do things to reach a peak state of arousal (roller coaster)
What is justification of effort?
people's tendency to attribute a greater value to an outcome they had to put effort into acquiring or achieving
What is the id?
pleasure principle, the basic instinct principle in Freudian theory. It is the seat of aggression and sexual impulse. It is devoid of logic and time orientation. It is chaotic and bodily focused.
What is attribution?
process of inferring causes of events/behaviors
What is the ego?
reality principle, mediates demands of reality vs. desires of the id (who we identify ourselves to be)
What is the foot in the door phenomenon?
tendency to agree to small actions first, and eventually over time comply with much larger actions
What is the principle of aggregation?
the effects of an attitude become more apparent when we look at a person's aggregate or average behavior than when we consider one single behavior/act
What is the drive reduction theory?
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need (doing pushups is means to fulfill drive for water)
What is the elaboration likelihood model for persuasion (ELM)?
the two ways in which info is processed is the central route of persuasion (quality of persuasion with argument and words) and peripheral route of persuasion (attractiveness, superficial persuasion cues)
What is the cognitive motivation approach?
thought processes drive behavior (light bulb going off)
True or False: attitude can influence behavior and behavior can influence attitude.
true
What is the Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
want to satisfy needs in particular order, basic needs first
What is the situational approach to behavior?
we are placed in new situations everyday, these situations affect our behavior
What is the theory of planned behavior?
we consider the implications of our actions before we decide on how to behave
What is the evolutionary approach to motivation?
what is not learned, just instinctual instincts play in motivation
What are subjective norms?
what we think others think about our behavior
