Mountain Geography Cu Boulder

From this week's video "What is food insecurity", what was mentioned as some of the reasons for food insecurity? (quiz 11).

- Conflict - International trade rules - Floods and drought - all of these

From this week's video "Hypoxia Simulation", hypoxia symptoms reported included: (Quiz 10).

- Dizziness - Flushed feeling - Feeling euphoric - All of these

Which of these events affects the albedo in mountain regions?

- Dust deposition on snowpack - Large fire events - Mountain Pine - Beetle infestation -All of these

From this week's video "What causes a Landslide?", what are the factors that may result in a landslide? (Quiz 8).

- Earthquakes - Deforestation - Heavy rain - Any of these

What is(are) a potential problem(s) with using only local elevation relief (300 m asl in America, 900 m asl in Europe) to define a mountain region? (Quiz 1).

- Extensive plateaus can be included. - Polar mountain regions are often excluded. - Deep canyons in otherwise flat areas can be included. - All are correct.

The effect of dust on the surface of snow is: (Quiz 5).

- Increased surface heating - Increased melting - Decrease in albedo - All of these

Orographic precipitation: (Quiz 3).

- Is responsible for dry conditions (rain shadow) in Wilbur, Washington - Is dependent on the wind direction during storm events - Occurs along the Front Range foothills during upslope storms - Is due to air rising and condensing over a mountain barrier - All of these

Wegener's theory was rejected when first proposed because:___________. (Quiz 2).

- It lacked a driving force - The velocity was too fast - He was not a trained geologist - All of these/correct

From this week's video "Alpine Tundra Biome Explained", the adaptation of plants discussed included: (Quiz 9)

- Most are perennials - They are short - They have "hair" on stems and leaves - All of these

Which of the following areas of study helped develop Plate Tectonic Theory? (Quiz 2).

- Paleomagnetic - Magnetic Field - Seismic - All of these

Which of the following is true of south facing (135 to 225 deg) slopes in the Northern Hemisphere?

- Receive more solar radiation than all other aspects - Have the greatest amount of water stress than all other aspects - Have the highest surface temperatures than all other aspects - All of these

Which of the following have a strong influence on snowmelt rates in mountainous regions? (Quiz 5).

- Slope aspect - Elevation - Precipitation - All of these

From this week's video "Explained: Why cold temperatures create facets", what is the minimum threshold temperature gradient for faceting to occur? ( Quiz 6).

1 degree C per 10 cm

From this week's video "Conserving Valuable Alpine Soils", how many years does it take to form an inch of top (organic) soil at these high elevations? (Quiz 9).

1000

On average, roughly how many avalanches does Colorado experience each year? (Quiz 6)

2,500

If left unattended, how long would it take for Mount Rushmore (Paha Sapa) to erode? (Quiz 7).

2.4 million years

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, how many mountain people in developing countries are facing hunger and malnutrition? (Quiz 11).

25%

What percentage of the world's irrigation is supported by rivers originating from mountains? (Quiz 4).

40

From the video "Building a Border at 4,600 m", what percentage of the 370,000 million people living in non-state spaces currently live in Asia? (Quiz 1)

70

In which soil horizon (layer) would we expect to see the removal of soluble minerals? (Quiz 11).

A

From the video "Did Irvine and Mallory climb Everest", what was George Mallory going to leave on the summit of Everest? (Quiz 2)

A photo of his wife

In the lecture showing examples from Niwot Ridge, the timing and delivery of water derived from snowmelt results in: (quiz 9).

A pulse or spike in nutrients in the streams.

Which continent has the least known about its mountain water resources? (Quiz 3).

Africa

If you observe the that the ears of animals tend to become shorter and more compact in colder climates, this is a good example of: (Quiz 10).

Allen's Rule

How does a slalom ski race course design influence the outcome of the race? (Quiz 5).

Amount of shading from trees alters snow surface friction

What does "deep supercooling" require? (Quiz 10).

Anti-ice nucleation proteins

From this week's video "The storms that saved Washington's snowpack", when is the snowpack typically measured (applies to Colorado, and most States also)? (Quiz 3).

April 1

From this week's video "Pingo Science", where do pingos usually form? (Quiz 9).

At the site of drained lakes.

Which type of agricultural terrace design is known for its unique water flow and irrigation characteristics? (Quiz 11)

Bench

From the video "Building a Border at 4,600 m", what were the local residents seeking refuge from? (Quiz 1).

Borders

Which Law describes the basic principle of how our lungs or any diaphragm pump works? (Quiz 10).

Boyle's

From the video "Building a Border at 4,600 m", what was done to help inform local children of their heritage, culture, and language? (Quiz 1)

Building a School

From this week's video "Why is iodine added to salt?" where do those living regions where soil lacks iodine get their iodine from? (Quiz 11).

By consuming food imported from other regions.

Weathered rock that has undergone changes in the mineral composition is an example of: (Quiz 7).

Chemical weathering

From the video "Building a Border at 4,600 m", what is the name used by many anthropologists for the state-less area in which the Mustang Region resides? (Quiz 1)

Chibet

La roya disease is associated with: (Quiz 11).

Coffee

The phase change from a gas to a liquid is: (Quiz 3).

Condensation

From the video "Master Paragliding", one of the Fohn winds discussed was so powerful that it: (Quiz 3).

Contained Saharan Dust

The Himalayas were formed by which tectonic process? (Quiz 2).

Continental-Continental plate convergence

The wind-blown area of snow along the top of a ridge is called a: (Quiz 6).

Cornice

Common after a fire, a class of mudflows is called: (Quiz 8).

Debris flow

Which low temperature tolerance mechanism is used by alpine vegetation at temperatures between -12 to -40 degrees C? (Quiz 10).

Deep supercooling

The term used to refer to processes resulting in the lowering of the land used to compare to uplift rates is: (Quiz 8).

Denudation

From this week's video "Incan Terrace Aquaducts" what was mentioned as the primary purposes of the terraces at Machu Picchu? (Quiz 11)

Drainage and erosion control

What can a creature (an endotherm that maintains a constant body temperature) do to maintain a constant body temperature as the air temperature decreases? (Quiz 10).

Either of both of these

Which of the following measures of vertical distance uses sea level as its reference? (Quiz 1).

Elevation

Today's Rocky Mountains in Colorado are an example of: _________________. (Quiz 2).

Flat-slab subduction

Warm, dry downsloping winds are known as: (Quiz 3)

Foehn (or Fohn)

Pressure is: (Quiz 3).

Force divided by area

One of the dominant processes in physical weathering in mountain regions is: (Quiz 7).

Frost action

The American Pika is intolerant of: (Quiz 10).

High temperatures

The reduction feldspar to kaolinite is an example of: (quiz 7).

Hydrolysis

For a snow-dominated watershed, we find the streamflow peak occurs: (Quiz 3).

In the early summer

The atmosphere's demand for water _____ as _____ increases. (Quiz 4).

Increase exponentially; temperature

From this week's video "Massive Avalanche above Stevens Pass", the avalanche was: (Quiz 6).

Intentionally triggered

Which is not a reason that mountain regions are avalanche-prone? (Quiz 6).

Low air pressure

From the video "Magnetic Stripping and Seafloor Spreading", what is preserved in the rocks a near the Mid Atlantic Ridge? (Quiz 2).

Magnetic Stripping

The basal metabolic rate of a creature (an endotherm that maintains a constant body temperature) depends primary on the creature's: (Quiz 10).

Mass

Why can a landslide achieve such a high velocity? (Quiz 8).

Material slides over a cushion of air.

Which is the tallest mountain on Earth? (Quiz 1).

Mauna Kea

From this week's video "Understanding freeze-tolerant plants", what was being studied in response to freezing? (Quiz 10).

Membranes

On the windward side of a mountain barrier, in terms of precipitation, we would expect _____ than the leeward side. ( Quiz 3).

More

Units for force are: (Quiz 3)

Newtons

In the study conducted in the Stubai Valley, Austria, which aspect had the highest surface temperature? Those on the _____ side of the valley. (Quiz 5).

North

Which is not an example of alpine vegetation's avoidance of low temperatures? (Quiz 10)/.

Osmotic adjustment

The reduction magnetite to hematite is an example of: ( Quiz 7).

Oxidation

The African Rift Valleys are an example of: ________. (Quiz 2).

Plate divergence

The African Rift Valleys are an example of: ____________. (Quiz 2).

Plate divergence

Why are there no volcanoes in the Himalayas? (Quiz 2).

Plates are too thick

From the video "Atmospheric Pressure", why are we not crushed by the pressure of the atmosphere? (Quiz 3).

Pressure exerted by the fluids within our skin balance atmospheric pressure

The distance (height) from a peak's summit to the lowest point (col) of an adjacent peak is refer to as: _____________? (Quiz 1).

Prominence

Which is not a reason why mountains are referred to as "Towers of Water"? (quiz 4).

Protected areas ensure high water supply and quality

Continental crust is largely comprised of: ______________. (Quiz 2).

Relatively low density silica and aluminum

Rank these avalanche types from slowest to fastest: (Quiz 6).

Slab; Powder; Glacier

A section of land slipping as a cohesive unit is most likely an example of: (Quiz 8).

Slumping

The general type of soil that shows evidence of mixing would expect in an area with permafrost is a: (Quiz 9).

Spodsol

What physical law describes the relationships between an object's temperature and the total energy emitted by that object? (quiz 5).

Stefan-Boltzmann Law

From this week's video "Prize Competition", what needs to be periodically measured that is so costly? (Quiz 8).

Stream (river) discharge

The phase change from a solid to a gas is: (Quiz 3).

Sublimation

Detached loose frost-shattered rock fragments at the base of a cliff is: (Quiz 7).

Talus

Lenticular and rotor clouds are associated with: (Quiz 3).

Temperature inversions and high wind speeds aloft

When a water droplet and ice crystal are co-located, what will happen? (Quiz 6).

The droplet shrinks and the ice crystal grows.

Lichenometry is based on: (Quiz 7).

The radial growth of lichens

Roughly half of the increase in sea level rise is due to: (Quiz 7).

Thermal expansion

Why do many alpine vegetation species have the ability to increase their cellular solute concentration? (Quiz 10)

To tolerate exposure to low temperatures

Plate movement along the San Andreas Fault in California is an example of which type of plate movement? (Quiz 2).

Transform

From this week's video "How was the Grand Canyon Formed?", much of the canyon's erosion occurred at a time when the region was: (Quiz 7).

Under water

Most of the world's iodine is obtained from: (Quiz 11).

Underground brine mines.

From this week's video "What is albedo", what is the term used to describe the temperature difference between urban and rural areas partly due to the lower urban albedo? (Quiz 5).

Urban Heat Island Effect

What happens to a plant cell when placed in a hypertonic solution? (Quiz 10).

Vacuoles collapse

The upper boundary of the Alpine Life Zone is the upper limit of: (Quiz 9).

Vascular plants

From this week's video "Black Canyon of the Gunnison", what is the dominant orientation of the frost wedges? (Quiz 7).

Vertical

Kelvin-Helmholtz clouds are associated with: (Quiz 3).

Vertical wind shear

The properly sorted albedos from lowest to highest for these surfaces is: (Quiz 5).

Water (liquid); Vegetation; Sand; Snow

What is the difference between weathering and erosion? (Quiz 7).

Weathering is reduction of parent material; Erosion is the removal of the weather material

Who played a major role in our understanding of plate tectonics as well as atmospheric and snowpack processes? (Quiz 6).

Wegener

Which type of agricultural terrace design would you expect to find where rice is grown in saturated soils? (Quiz 11).

Weir

What was the purpose of the 2010 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games study we examined? To predict _____. (Quiz 5).

locations in the sun or shade