Mr. Jimenez Test 2.3 and 2.4

product

The elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction.

What are the effects of enzymes on chemical reactions? Select all of the answers that apply. A. Enzymes increase the heat of reaction. B. Enzymes decrease the activation energy. C. Enzymes increase the rate of the reaction. D. Enzymes change the ideal pH for a reaction to proceed. E. Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together.

B. Enzymes decrease the activation energy. C. Enzymes increase the rate of the reaction.

Which of the following are functions of lipids? Choose three correct answers. A. forming the exoskeletons of insects B. forming waxy leaf coverings C. forming bones and cartilage D. storing energy in fat cells E. forming cell membranes F. carrying genetic information

B. forming waxy leaf coverings D. storing energy in fat cells E. forming cell membranes

Macromolecule- ________ Monomer- fatty acid Example- ________

Macromolecule- Lipid Monomer- fatty acid Example- Cell membrane

Macromolecule- ________ Monomer- ________ Example- starch

Macromolecule- carbohydrate Monomer- sugar Example- starch

Protein

macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair.

Monomer

small chemical unit that makes up a polymer

Catalyst

substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction

Nucleotide

subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Macromolecule- ________ Monomer- ________ Example- DNA

Macromolecule- nucleic acid Monomer- nucleotide Example- DNA

Macromolecule- protein Monomer- ________ Example- ________

Macromolecule- protein Monomer- amino acid Example- enzyme

Lipid

macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes.

Nucleic Acid

macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus.

Polymers

molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules

Enzyme

protein that acts as a biological catalyst

Carbohydrates

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; type of nutrient that is the major source of energy for the body.

Amino Acid

compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end.

Activation Energy

Energy needed to get a reaction started

Reactant

The elements or compounds that engage in a chemical reaction.

Mark argues that proteins within the body have two functions: structure and transport. Sara disagrees. Which significant function of proteins did Mark omit from his list? A. Proteins increase the speed of reactions in the body. B. Proteins store energy that can be released when the body needs it. C. Proteins form waxy, waterproof coverings. D. Proteins store genetic information within cells.

A. Proteins increase the speed of reactions in the body.

The cell walls of a plant consist mostly of cellulose, a carbohydrate, which provides a strong structure. The cell membrane gets its structure primarily from lipids, and embedded proteins allow for material transport. Which of the following elements would be found in the LOWEST amounts in both the cell wall and cell membrane? A. carbon B. phosphorus C. hydrogen D. sodium

D. Sodium

Carbon is a vital part of the phospholipids that make up cell membranes and the carbohydrates that make up cell walls. Which of the following allows carbon to bond with up to four other atoms at a time and form the macromolecules that are essential to life? A. the six protons in its nucleus B. the six neutrons in its nucleus C. the two electrons in its inner shell D. the four electrons in its outer shell

D. The four electrons in its outer shell

Very long and large organic molecules called _________ are made of small units called ________. Examples of the small units include sugars, which combine to form ________; nucleotides, which form ________; and amino acids, which form ________.

Polymers Monomers Carbohydrates Nucleic Acids Proteins

Chemical reactions convert ________ to ________. In nonliving systems, the presence of a(n) __________ allows the reaction to proceed very quickly and have a lower ________. In living systems, this function is carried out by proteins called ________.

Reactants Products Catalyst Activation Energy Enzymes

Substrates

The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions

Chemical Reaction

a process that changes, or transforms, one set of compounds into another.